Strategic Price Competition and Price Disperion in the Airline Industry;a Conceptual Framework and Empirical Analysis

It is a generally accepted belief in marketing literature that variation in prices, i.e. price dispersion, is a critical, strategic factor that influences product demand, profitability, and social welfare. While there is a substantial amount of research on price dispersion, prior research has mainly studied price dispersion in the context of consumer heterogeneity, and not comprehensively studied the effects of competition on price dispersion. According to the structure-conduct-performance (SCP) paradigm, market structure and firm conduct are important indicators of firm performance and long-term sustainable competitive advantage. A greater understanding of the influences of market structure and competition on price dispersion provides valuable insights and extends the stream of research on price dispersion. Therefore, the main objective of this dissertation is to increase the understanding of the effects of strategic price competition on price dispersion. Specifically, this research encompasses an evaluation of the effects of strategic price competition in a multi-market context on price dispersion by focusing on market and competition characteristics. The effects of strategic price competition on price dispersion of airline ticket prices are empirically evaluated based on an extensive database from the U.S. Department of Transportation. The results of this study show that multi-market contact between rival firms and the interaction of multi-market contact and market concentration have a significant effect on price dispersion. These results have important academic and managerial implication

Flying for a buck or two: Low-cost Carriers in Australia and New Zealand

Over the past few decades, the traditional aviation market has seen significant developments. Traditional “legacy“ carriers have been challenged by new no/low-frills, low cost carriers. While these new airlines have a relatively long history in North America, more recently they successively emerged in markets such as Europe, Asia, Oceania and Africa. The business model of low cost carriers has revolutionized air travel, and both media and academics paid ample attention to these in America and Europe. However, academic literature pertaining to the development of low cost carriers in Australia and New Zealand is scarce. Thus, this paper offers a brief history of low cost carriers in this region, and compares the business models of low cost carriers currently operating in and between Australia and New Zealand. The paper concludes that low cost carriers in this region differ from American and European low cost carriers, in part due to the geography of the countries. The main differences are the levels of in-flight service, and the fact that Australian and New Zealand low cost carriers operate on longer distances, such as coast-to-coast domestic flights in Australia, trans-Tasman flights, and flights to the South Pacific islands, and increasingly to Asia

THE MAIN APPLICATIONS OF THE INTERNET IN TOURISM MARKETING

The Internet as a marketing media can be of great benefit to virtual all areas of marketing, from marketing research, through market segmentation, targeting and positioning, to the effective use of the marketing mix, and marketing organisation and control. The following discussion does not attempt to provide an exhaustive list of the Net's use in tourism; rather, it simply intends to exemplify its common applications in and main implications for tourism marketing.Internet, tourism, web, marketing

Flying for a buck or two: low-cost carrier in Australia and New Zealand

Over the past few decades, the traditional aviation market has seen significant developments. Traditional “legacy“ carriers have been challenged by new no/low-frills, low cost carriers. While these new airlines have a relatively long history in North America, more recently they successively emerged in markets such as Europe, Asia, Oceania and Africa. The business model of low cost carriers has revolutionized air travel, and both media and academics paid ample attention to these in America and Europe. However, academic literature pertaining to the development of low cost carriers in Australia and New Zealand is scarce. Thus, this paper offers a brief history of low cost carriers in this region, and compares the business models of low cost carriers currently operating in and between Australia and New Zealand. The paper concludes that low cost carriers in this region differ from American and European low cost carriers, in part due to the geography of the countries. The main differences are the levels of in-flight service, and the fact that Australian and New Zealand low cost carriers operate on longer distances, such as coast-to-coast domestic flights in Australia, trans-Tasman flights, and flights to the South Pacific islands, and increasingly to Asia

Audits of airlines with conforming changes as of May 1, 1996; Audit and accounting Guide

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_indev/1245/thumbnail.jp

Proposed AICPA Audit and Accounting Guide : Airlines;Airlines; Exposure draft (American Institute of Certified Public Accountants), 2007, Sept. 12

This guide does the following: (1) Identifies certain requirements set forth in pronouncements in levels a, b, and c of the hierarchy of sources of GAAP. In these instances, entities are required to apply those requirements based on their standing in levels a, b, or c of the hierarchy rather than because of their inclusion in this guide. (2) Describes AcSEC’s understanding of prevalent or sole industry practice concerning certain issues. In addition, this guide may indicate that AcSEC expresses a preference for the prevalent or sole industry practice, or it may indicate that AcSEC expresses a preference for another practice that is not the prevalent or sole industry practice; alternatively, AcSEC may express no view on the matter. (3) Identifies certain other, but not necessarily all, industry practices concerning certain accounting issues without expressing AcSEC’s views on them Provides guidance that has been supported by AcSEC on the accounting, reporting, or disclosure treatment of transactions or events that is not set forth in pronouncements in levels a, b, and c of the hierarchy of sources of GAAP.https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_sop/1335/thumbnail.jp

Audits of airlines with conforming changes as of May 1, 1997; Audit and accounting Guide

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_indev/1246/thumbnail.jp

Audits of airlines with conforming changes as of May 1, 2002; Audit and accounting Guide:

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_indev/1251/thumbnail.jp

Audits of airlines with conforming changes as of May 1, 2003; Audit and accounting Guide:

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_indev/1252/thumbnail.jp

Audits of airlines with conforming changes as of May 1, 1992; Audit and accounting Guide

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_indev/1242/thumbnail.jp