Integrating a Heterogeneous Graph with Entity-aware Self-attention using Relative Position Labels for Reading Comprehension Model

Despite the significant progress made by transformer models in machine reading comprehension tasks, they still fall short in handling complex reasoning tasks due to the absence of explicit knowledge in the input sequence. To address this limitation, many recent works have proposed injecting external knowledge into the model. However, selecting relevant external knowledge, ensuring its availability, and requiring additional processing steps remain challenging. In this paper, we introduce a novel attention pattern that integrates reasoning knowledge derived from a heterogeneous graph into the transformer architecture without relying on external knowledge. The proposed attention pattern comprises three key elements: global-local attention for word tokens, graph attention for entity tokens that exhibit strong attention towards tokens connected in the graph as opposed to those unconnected, and the consideration of the type of relationship between each entity token and word token. This results in optimized attention between the two if a relationship exists. The pattern is coupled with special relative position labels, allowing it to integrate with LUKE's entity-aware self-attention mechanism. The experimental findings corroborate that our model outperforms both the cutting-edge LUKE-Graph and the baseline LUKE model on the ReCoRD dataset that focuses on commonsense reasoning.Comment: submitted for Knowledge-Based Systems Journa

Modular Approach to Machine Reading Comprehension: Mixture of Task-Aware Experts

In this work we present a Mixture of Task-Aware Experts Network for Machine Reading Comprehension on a relatively small dataset. We particularly focus on the issue of common-sense learning, enforcing the common ground knowledge by specifically training different expert networks to capture different kinds of relationships between each passage, question and choice triplet. Moreover, we take inspi ration on the recent advancements of multitask and transfer learning by training each network a relevant focused task. By making the mixture-of-networks aware of a specific goal by enforcing a task and a relationship, we achieve state-of-the-art results and reduce over-fitting

LUKE-Graph: A Transformer-based Approach with Gated Relational Graph Attention for Cloze-style Reading Comprehension

Incorporating prior knowledge can improve existing pre-training models in cloze-style machine reading and has become a new trend in recent studies. Notably, most of the existing models have integrated external knowledge graphs (KG) and transformer-based models, such as BERT into a unified data structure. However, selecting the most relevant ambiguous entities in KG and extracting the best subgraph remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose the LUKE-Graph, a model that builds a heterogeneous graph based on the intuitive relationships between entities in a document without using any external KG. We then use a Relational Graph Attention (RGAT) network to fuse the graph's reasoning information and the contextual representation encoded by the pre-trained LUKE model. In this way, we can take advantage of LUKE, to derive an entity-aware representation; and a graph model - to exploit relation-aware representation. Moreover, we propose Gated-RGAT by augmenting RGAT with a gating mechanism that regulates the question information for the graph convolution operation. This is very similar to human reasoning processing because they always choose the best entity candidate based on the question information. Experimental results demonstrate that the LUKE-Graph achieves state-of-the-art performance on the ReCoRD dataset with commonsense reasoning.Comment: submitted for neurocomputing journa