562,151 research outputs found
Alfredo Deaño and the non-accidental transition of thought
If the cultural variations concerning knowledge and research on ordinary
reasoning are part of cultural history, what kind of historiographical method is needed
in order to present the history of its evolution? This paper proposes to introduce the
study of theories of reasoning into a historiographic perspective because we assume
that the answer to the previous question does not only depend of internal controversies
about how reasoning performance is explained by current theories of reasoning. [...
Generalised Compositional Theories and Diagrammatic Reasoning
This chapter provides an introduction to the use of diagrammatic language, or
perhaps more accurately, diagrammatic calculus, in quantum information and
quantum foundations. We illustrate the use of diagrammatic calculus in one
particular case, namely the study of complementarity and non-locality, two
fundamental concepts of quantum theory whose relationship we explore in later
part of this chapter.
The diagrammatic calculus that we are concerned with here is not merely an
illustrative tool, but it has both (i) a conceptual physical backbone, which
allows it to act as a foundation for diverse physical theories, and (ii) a
genuine mathematical underpinning, permitting one to relate it to standard
mathematical structures.Comment: To appear as a Springer book chapter chapter, edited by G.
Chirabella, R. Spekken
The dynamics of wind-driven intraseasonal variability in the equatorial Indian Ocean
This commentary provides a discussion of the concept of `bounded rationality' as it applies to the theses advanced by Lopes (1991) and Evans (1991). Lopes's (1991) assessment of the irrationalist consequences of Tversky and Kahneman's (1974) work on heuristics and biases is premature because bounded rationality implies that people could not employ optimal strategies. Considerations of bounded rationality also provide additional criteria by which to judge the theories of deductive reasoning discussed by Evans (1991). Judged by this criterion, theories whose goal is to explain logically competent performance are inadequate (Oaksford & Chater, 1991). Thus Evans's assessment of the state of current theories of reasoning requires revision
Heterogeneous Proxytypes Extended: Integrating Theory-like Representations and Mechanisms with Prototypes and Exemplars
The paper introduces an extension of the proposal according to which
conceptual representations in cognitive agents should be intended as heterogeneous
proxytypes. The main contribution of this paper is in that it details how
to reconcile, under a heterogeneous representational perspective, different theories
of typicality about conceptual representation and reasoning. In particular, it
provides a novel theoretical hypothesis - as well as a novel categorization algorithm
called DELTA - showing how to integrate the representational and reasoning
assumptions of the theory-theory of concepts with the those ascribed to the
prototype and exemplars-based theories
Harnessing Higher-Order (Meta-)Logic to Represent and Reason with Complex Ethical Theories
The computer-mechanization of an ambitious explicit ethical theory, Gewirth's
Principle of Generic Consistency, is used to showcase an approach for
representing and reasoning with ethical theories exhibiting complex logical
features like alethic and deontic modalities, indexicals, higher-order
quantification, among others. Harnessing the high expressive power of Church's
type theory as a meta-logic to semantically embed a combination of quantified
non-classical logics, our work pushes existing boundaries in knowledge
representation and reasoning. We demonstrate that intuitive encodings of
complex ethical theories and their automation on the computer are no longer
antipodes.Comment: 14 page
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