Logic-based Technologies for Multi-agent Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

Precisely when the success of artificial intelligence (AI) sub-symbolic techniques makes them be identified with the whole AI by many non-computerscientists and non-technical media, symbolic approaches are getting more and more attention as those that could make AI amenable to human understanding. Given the recurring cycles in the AI history, we expect that a revamp of technologies often tagged as “classical AI” – in particular, logic-based ones will take place in the next few years. On the other hand, agents and multi-agent systems (MAS) have been at the core of the design of intelligent systems since their very beginning, and their long-term connection with logic-based technologies, which characterised their early days, might open new ways to engineer explainable intelligent systems. This is why understanding the current status of logic-based technologies for MAS is nowadays of paramount importance. Accordingly, this paper aims at providing a comprehensive view of those technologies by making them the subject of a systematic literature review (SLR). The resulting technologies are discussed and evaluated from two different perspectives: the MAS and the logic-based ones

Specific-to-General Learning for Temporal Events with Application to Learning Event Definitions from Video

We develop, analyze, and evaluate a novel, supervised, specific-to-general learner for a simple temporal logic and use the resulting algorithm to learn visual event definitions from video sequences. First, we introduce a simple, propositional, temporal, event-description language called AMA that is sufficiently expressive to represent many events yet sufficiently restrictive to support learning. We then give algorithms, along with lower and upper complexity bounds, for the subsumption and generalization problems for AMA formulas. We present a positive-examples--only specific-to-general learning method based on these algorithms. We also present a polynomial-time--computable ``syntactic'' subsumption test that implies semantic subsumption without being equivalent to it. A generalization algorithm based on syntactic subsumption can be used in place of semantic generalization to improve the asymptotic complexity of the resulting learning algorithm. Finally, we apply this algorithm to the task of learning relational event definitions from video and show that it yields definitions that are competitive with hand-coded ones

A neural-symbolic system for temporal reasoning with application to model verification and learning

The effective integration of knowledge representation, reasoning and learning into a robust computational model is one of the key challenges in Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence. In particular, temporal models have been fundamental in describing the behaviour of Computational and Neural-Symbolic Systems. Furthermore, knowledge acquisition of correct descriptions of the desired system’s behaviour is a complex task in several domains. Several efforts have been directed towards the development of tools that are capable of learning, describing and evolving software models. This thesis contributes to two major areas of Computer Science, namely Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Software Engineering. Under an AI perspective, we present a novel neural-symbolic computational model capable of representing and learning temporal knowledge in recurrent networks. The model works in integrated fashion. It enables the effective representation of temporal knowledge, the adaptation of temporal models to a set of desirable system properties and effective learning from examples, which in turn can lead to symbolic temporal knowledge extraction from the corresponding trained neural networks. The model is sound, from a theoretical standpoint, but is also tested in a number of case studies. An extension to the framework is shown to tackle aspects of verification and adaptation under the SE perspective. As regards verification, we make use of established techniques for model checking, which allow the verification of properties described as temporal models and return counter-examples whenever the properties are not satisfied. Our neural-symbolic framework is then extended to deal with different sources of information. This includes the translation of model descriptions into the neural structure, the evolution of such descriptions by the application of learning of counter examples, and also the learning of new models from simple observation of their behaviour. In summary, we believe the thesis describes a principled methodology for temporal knowledge representation, learning and extraction, shedding new light on predictive temporal models, not only from a theoretical standpoint, but also with respect to a potentially large number of applications in AI, Neural Computation and Software Engineering, where temporal knowledge plays a fundamental role

A neural-symbolic system for temporal reasoning with application to model verification and learning

The effective integration of knowledge representation, reasoning and learning into a robust computational model is one of the key challenges in Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence. In particular, temporal models have been fundamental in describing the behaviour of Computational and Neural-Symbolic Systems. Furthermore, knowledge acquisition of correct descriptions of the desired system’s behaviour is a complex task in several domains. Several efforts have been directed towards the development of tools that are capable of learning, describing and evolving software models. This thesis contributes to two major areas of Computer Science, namely Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Software Engineering. Under an AI perspective, we present a novel neural-symbolic computational model capable of representing and learning temporal knowledge in recurrent networks. The model works in integrated fashion. It enables the effective representation of temporal knowledge, the adaptation of temporal models to a set of desirable system properties and effective learning from examples, which in turn can lead to symbolic temporal knowledge extraction from the corresponding trained neural networks. The model is sound, from a theoretical standpoint, but is also tested in a number of case studies. An extension to the framework is shown to tackle aspects of verification and adaptation under the SE perspective. As regards verification, we make use of established techniques for model checking, which allow the verification of properties described as temporal models and return counter-examples whenever the properties are not satisfied. Our neural-symbolic framework is then extended to deal with different sources of information. This includes the translation of model descriptions into the neural structure, the evolution of such descriptions by the application of learning of counter examples, and also the learning of new models from simple observation of their behaviour. In summary, we believe the thesis describes a principled methodology for temporal knowledge representation, learning and extraction, shedding new light on predictive temporal models, not only from a theoretical standpoint, but also with respect to a potentially large number of applications in AI, Neural Computation and Software Engineering, where temporal knowledge plays a fundamental role.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Proceedings of The Multi-Agent Logics, Languages, and Organisations Federated Workshops (MALLOW 2010)

http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-627/allproceedings.pdfInternational audienceMALLOW-2010 is a third edition of a series initiated in 2007 in Durham, and pursued in 2009 in Turin. The objective, as initially stated, is to "provide a venue where: the cost of participation was minimum; participants were able to attend various workshops, so fostering collaboration and cross-fertilization; there was a friendly atmosphere and plenty of time for networking, by maximizing the time participants spent together"

Proof planning with multiple strategies

This thesis presents proof planning with multiple stategies. Strategies are independent proof plan operations, and different strategies realize different plan refinements as well as plan modifications. Compared with the previous proof planning, multiple strategy proof planning introduces another hierarchical level and its heuristic control. Both, the strategies and the strategic control can encode (mathematcial) domain knowledge. We implemented proof planning with multiple strategies in the MULTI system. The evaluation of proof planning with multiple stratgeies and its implementation in MULTI is conducted with two large and two smaller case studies that are discussed in this thesis. The case studies illustrate the importance of domain knowledge at the strategy-level for proof planningDiese Arbeit stellt Beweisplanen mit mehreren Strategien vor. Strategien sind unabhängige Komponenten für das Beweisplanen, wobei verschiedene Strategien verschiedene Verfeinerungen oder Modifikationen eines Beweisplans realisieren können. Im Vergleich mit dem bisherigen Beweisplanen führt Beweisplanen mit mehreren Strategien eine neue Hierarchieebene und deren heuristische Kontrolle ein. Sowohl die Strategie selbst als auch ihre Kontrolle können (mathematisches) Wissen über eine Domäne kodieren. Beweisplanen mit mehren Strategien ist implementiert im MULTI System. Zur Evaluierung von Beweisplanen mit mehreren Strategien wurden mit MULTI zwei große und zwei kleinere Fallstudien durchgeführt, die in dieser Arbeit diskutiert werden. Die Fallstudien veranschaulichen das Domänenwissen, das auf der Ebene von Strategien vorliegt, und wie es im Beweisplanen benutzt werden kann

Contrôle intelligent de la domotique à partir d'informations temporelles multi sources imprécises et incertaines

La Maison Intelligente est une résidence équipée de technologie informatique qui assiste ses habitant dans les situations diverses de la vie domestique en essayant de gérer de manière optimale leur confort et leur sécurité par action sur la maison. La détection des situations anormales est un des points essentiels d'un système de surveillance à domicile. Ces situations peuvent être détectées en analysant les primitives générées par les étages de traitement audio et par les capteurs de l'appartement. Par exemple, la détection de cris et de bruits sourds (chute d'un objet lourd) dans un intervalle de temps réduit permet d'inférer l'occurrence d'une chute. Le but des travaux de cette thèse est la réalisation d'un contrôleur intelligent relié à tous les périphériques de la maison capable de réagir aux demandes de l'habitant (par commande vocale) et de reconnaître des situations à risque ou détresse. Pour accomplir cet objectif, il est nécessaire de représenter formellement et raisonner sur des informations, le plus souvent temporelles, à des niveaux d'abstraction différents. Le principale défi est le traitement de l'incertitude, l'imprécision, et incomplétude, qui caractérisent les informations dans ce domaine d'application. Par ailleurs, les décisions prises par le contrôleur doivent tenir compte du contexte dans lequel une ordre est donné, ce qui nous place dans l'informatique sensible au contexte. Le contexte est composé des informations de haut niveau tels que la localisation, l'activité en cours de réalisation, la période de la journée. Les recherches présentées dans ce manuscrit peuvent être divisés principalement en trois axes: la réalisation des méthodes d'inférence pour acquérir les informations du contexte(notamment, la localisation de l'habitant y l'activité en cours) à partir des informations incertains, la représentation des connaissances sur l'environnement et les situations à risque, et finalement la prise de décision à partir des informations contextuelles. La dernière partie du manuscrit expose les résultats de la validation des méthodes proposées par des évaluations amenées à la plateforme expérimental Domus.A smart home is a residence featuring ambient intelligence technologies in order to help its dwellers in different situations of common life by trying to manage their comfort and security through the execution of actions over the effectors of the house. Detection of abnormal situations is paramount in the development of surveillance systems. These situations can be detected by the analysis of the traces resulting from audio processing and the data provided by the network of sensors installed in the smart home. For instance, detection of cries along with thuds(fall of a heavy object) in a short time interval can help to infer that the resident has fallen. The goal of the research presented in this thesis is the implementation of an intelligence controller connected with the devices in the house that is able to react to user's commands(through vocal interfaces) and recognize dangerous situations. In order to fulfill this goal, it is necessary to create formal representation and to develop reasoning mechanism over informations that are often temporal and having different levels of abstraction. The main challenge is the processing the uncertainty, imprecision, and incompleteness that characterise this domain of application. Moreover, the decisions taken by the intelligent controller must consider the context in which a user command is given, so this work is made in the area of Context Aware Computing. Context includes high level information such as the location of the dweller, the activity she is making, and the time of the day. The research works presented in this thesis can be divided mainly in three parts: the implementation of inference methods to obtain context information(namely, location and activity) from uncertain information, knowledge representation about the environment and dangerous situations, and finally the development of decision making models that use the inferred context information. The last part of this thesis shows the results from the validation of the proposed methods through experiments performed in an experimental platform, the Domus apartment.SAVOIE-SCD - Bib.électronique (730659901) / SudocGRENOBLE1/INP-Bib.électronique (384210012) / SudocGRENOBLE2/3-Bib.électronique (384219901) / SudocSudocFranceF