Technical, financial and environmental evaluation of 4G long term evolution: advanced with femtocell base stations

Recent advances in mobile communication technology have allowed for considerable growth both in traffic and user numbers. However, in order to maintain acceptable quality of experience and service levels with increasing network capacity requirements, a mobile communications operator is challenged with high investment costs and high operating costs. Cost effectiveness and environmental sustainability are two major factors a mobile telecommunications operator must take into account in order to maintain its network planning techniques ready for the accelerated growth of traffic in future mobile networks. With the incoming LTE-Advanced system and with the increasing popularity of femtocells, it becomes necessary to evaluate and quantify the economic viability and sustainability of this new type of base station when used as a standalone deployment option, as well as when used in a two-tier network. Therefore, different cases were used with a deployment method based on capacity used with a varying non-uniform traffic distribution in order to assess the future resistance and flexibility of this proposed solution. A comparison was made between macro cell coverage only, full femtocell coverage and a two-tier joint solution. Our study has concluded that for low capacity demands, the best approach is a two-tier network with femtocells used for indoor backhaul. A joint solution also allows for the cost-effective resolution of indoor coverage issues. According to our future capacity requirements projected, it has been concluded that a full femtocell deployment, by far, the most economically viable option. A method for the quantification and suppression of carbon emissions due to energy consumption is also proposed, through which we studied and estimated the price for the achievement of a zero carbon emissions network.Os recentes avanços na tecnologia de comunicações móveis têm permitido um crescimento considerável da indústria, tanto em termos de tráfego como em número de clientes. No entanto, para conseguir manter uma qualidade de experiência aceitável e com elevada qualidade de serviço, um operador de comunicações móveis depara-se com elevados custos de investimento e operação. A eficácia em termos de custos e a pegada ambiental são dois factores que, entre outros, um operador de telecomunicações móveis deve ter em conta de modo a manter as suas técnicas de planeamento de rede preparadas para o acelerado crescimento do tráfego nas redes móveis do futuro. Com a chegada próxima do LTE-Advanced e com a crescente popularidade de femtocells, torna-se necessário avaliar e quantificar a viabilidade económica e o potencial de poupança de energia deste novo tipo de estação de base quando utilizado como uma opção de implantação autónoma, ou quando utilizado para suporte de uma rede de macro células. Dessa forma, foram dimensionados diferentes casos de implementação baseados nos requisitos de capacidade. Foi também aplicada uma distribuição de tráfego não-uniforme, a fim de avaliar a resistência ao futuro e a flexibilidade de aplicação desta solução proposta. Fez-se uma comparação entre uma implementação apenas com recurso a macro células, uma implementação feita completamente com recurso a femtocells e uma solução conjunta destes dois tipos de estação-base. O estudo concluiu que, para requisitos de baixa capacidade, a melhor implementação é uma rede de duas camadas, com femtocells utilizadas para o backhaul das ligações indoor. A solução conjunta permite ainda a resolução eficaz de problemas de cobertura no interior de edifícios. De acordo com a nossa projecção das necessidades futuras de capacidade concluiu-se que a implementação de uma rede apenas com recurso a femtocells é a melhor opção, do ponto de vista da capacidade, financeiro e ambiental. Também foi apresentada uma metodologia para quantificar a pegada ambiental devida ao consumo de energia, através da qual se estudou e estimou os custos associados à implementação de uma rede com pegada ambiental nula

Control and data channel resource allocation in OFDMA heterogeneous networks

This paper investigates the downlink resource allocation problem in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) consisting of macro cells and small cells sharing the same frequency band. Dense deployment of small cells overlaid by a macro layer is considered to be one of the most promising solutions for providing hotspot coverage in future 5G networks. The focus is to devise an optimised policy for small cells’ access to the shared spectrum, in terms of their transmissions, in order to keep small cell served users sum data rate at high levels while ensuring that certain level of quality of service (QoS) for the macro cell users in the vicinity of small cells is provided. Both data and control channel constraints are considered, to ensure that not only the macro cell users’ data rate demands are met, but also a certain level of Bit Error Rate (BER) is ensured for the control channel information. Control channel reliability is especially important as it holds key information to successfully decode the data channel. The problem is addressed by our proposed linear binary integer programming heuristic algorithm which maximises the small cells utility while ensuring the macro users imposed constraints. To further reduce the computational complexity, we propose a progressive interference aware low complexity heuristic solution. Discussion is also presented for the implementation possibility of our proposed algorithms in a practical network. The performance of both the proposed algorithms is compared with the conventional Reuse-1 scheme under different fading conditions and small cell loads. Results show a negligible drop in small cell performance for our proposed schemes, as a trade-off for ensuring all macro users data rate demands, while Reuse-1 scheme can even lead up to 40 % outage when control region of the small cells in heavily loaded

セルラーネットワークにおける無線LANオフロードのためのネットワーク選択方式に関する研究

早大学位記番号:新7456早稲田大

Mobile Edge Cloud: Intelligent deployment and services for 5G Indoor Network

This thesis was submitted for the award of doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University LondonFifth-Generation (5G) mobile networks are expected to perform according to the stringent performance targets assigned by standardization committees. Therefore, significant changes are proposed to the network infrastructure to achieve the expected performance levels. Network Function Virtualization, cloud computing and Software Defined Networks are some of the main technologies being utilised to ensure flexible network design, with optimum performance and efficient resource utilization. The aforementioned technologies are shifting the network architecture into service-based rather device-based architecture. In this regard, this thesis provides experimental investigation, design, implementation and evaluation of various multimedia services along with integration design and caching solution for 5G indoor network. The multimedia services are targeting the enhancement of UEs’ Quality of Experience, by exploiting the intelligence offered by the synergy between SDN and NFV technologies, to design and develop new multimedia solutions with improved QoE. The caching solution is designed to achieve a good trade-off between latency reduction and resource utilization that satisfies efficient network performance and resource utilization. The proposed network integration design targets deploying IoRL gNB with its innovative intelligent services. It have successfully achieved lower overhead signalling compared to the traditional network architectures. Whilst all of the proposed solutions have proven to provide enhancement to the system performance, the testing results for the multimedia services showed high QoS performance parameters in the form of zero packet loss due to route switching, very high throughput and 0.03 ms jitter. The caching solution test results provided up to 300% server utilization improvement (based on the deployed scenario) with negligible extra delay cost (0.5ms). As for the proposed integration design, the quantification of the performance enhancement is represented by the amount of the reduced overhead signalling. In the case of Intra-secondary gNB handover within the same Main eNB, the back-haul signalling for the AMF was reduced 100% while the overall overhead signalling is reduced by 50% compared to traditional deployment architecture.European Union’s Horizon 2020 research progra

Performance evaluation of synergic operation of algorithms enabling opportunistic networks - D4.3

Deliverable D4.3 del projecte OneFITPreprin