92 research outputs found
A Risk-Based Decision Framework for the Distribution Company in Mutual Interaction with the Wholesale Day-ahead Market and Microgrids
One of the emergent prospects for active distribution networks ( DN ) is to establish new roles to the distribution company ( DISCO ). The DISCO can act as an aggregator of the resources existing in the DN , also when parts of the network are structured and managed as microgrids ( MG s). The new roles of the DISCO may open the participation of the DISCO as a player trading energy in the wholesale markets, as well as in local energy markets. In this paper, the decision making aspects involving the DISCO are addressed by proposing a bilevel optimization approach in which the DISCO problem is modeled as the upper-level problem and the MG s problems and day-ahead wholesale market clearing process are modeled as the lower-level problems. To include the uncertainty of renewable energy sources, a risk-based two-stage stochastic problem is formulated, in which the DISCO 's risk aversion is modeled by using the conditional value at risk. The resulting nonlinear bilevel model is transformed into a linear single-level one by applying the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions and the duality theory. The effectiveness of the model is shown in the application to the IEEE 33-bus DN connected to the IEEE RTS 24-bus power system
A Decentralized Robust Model for Optimal Operation of Distribution Companies with Private Microgrids
Market-oriented micro virtual power prosumers operations in distribution system operator framework
As the European Union is on track to meet its 2020 energy targets on raising the share of renewable energy and increasing the efficiency in the energy consumption, considerable attention has been given to the integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) into the restructured distribution system. This thesis proposes market-oriented operations of micro virtual power prosumers (J.lVPPs) in the distribution system operator framework, in which the J.lVPPs evolve from home-oriented energy management systems to price-taking prosumers and to price-making prosumers. Considering the diversity of the DERs installed in the residential sector, a configurable J.l VPP is proposed first to deliver multiple energy services using a fuzzy logic-based generic algorithm. By responding to the retail price dynamics and applying load control, the J.lVPP achieves considerable electricity bill savings, active utilisation of energy storage system and fast return on investment. As the J.lVPPs enter the distribution system market, they are modelled as price-takers in a two-settlement market first and a chance-constrained formulation is proposed to derive the bidding strategies. The obtained strategy demonstrates its ability to bring the J.l VPP maximum profit based on different composition of DERs and to maintain adequate supply capacity to meet the demand considering the volatile renewable generation and load forecast. Given the non-cooperative nature of the actual market, the J.l VPPs are transformed into price-makers and their market behaviours are studied in the context of electricity market equilibrium models. The resulted equilibrium problems with equilibrium constraints (EPEC) are presented and solved using a novel application of coevolutionary approach. Compared with the roles of home-oriented energy management systems and price-taking prosumers, the J.lVPPs as price making prosumers have an improved utilisation rate of the installed DER capacity and a guaranteed profit from participating in the distribution system market
Market-oriented micro virtual power prosumers operations in distribution system operator framework
As the European Union is on track to meet its 2020 energy targets on raising the share of renewable energy and increasing the efficiency in the energy consumption, considerable attention has been given to the integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) into the restructured distribution system. This thesis proposes market-oriented operations of micro virtual power prosumers (J.lVPPs) in the distribution system operator framework, in which the J.lVPPs evolve from home-oriented energy management systems to price-taking prosumers and to price-making prosumers. Considering the diversity of the DERs installed in the residential sector, a configurable J.l VPP is proposed first to deliver multiple energy services using a fuzzy logic-based generic algorithm. By responding to the retail price dynamics and applying load control, the J.lVPP achieves considerable electricity bill savings, active utilisation of energy storage system and fast return on investment. As the J.lVPPs enter the distribution system market, they are modelled as price-takers in a two-settlement market first and a chance-constrained formulation is proposed to derive the bidding strategies. The obtained strategy demonstrates its ability to bring the J.l VPP maximum profit based on different composition of DERs and to maintain adequate supply capacity to meet the demand considering the volatile renewable generation and load forecast. Given the non-cooperative nature of the actual market, the J.l VPPs are transformed into price-makers and their market behaviours are studied in the context of electricity market equilibrium models. The resulted equilibrium problems with equilibrium constraints (EPEC) are presented and solved using a novel application of coevolutionary approach. Compared with the roles of home-oriented energy management systems and price-taking prosumers, the J.lVPPs as price making prosumers have an improved utilisation rate of the installed DER capacity and a guaranteed profit from participating in the distribution system market
Decision support for participation in electricity markets considering the transaction of services and electricity at the local level
[EN] The growing concerns regarding the lack of fossil fuels, their costs, and their
impact on the environment have led governmental institutions to launch energy
policies that promote the increasing installation of technologies that use
renewable energy sources to generate energy. The increasing penetration of
renewable energy sources brings a great fluctuation on the generation side,
which strongly affects the power and energy system management. The control of
this system is moving from hierarchical and central to a smart and distributed
approach. The system operators are nowadays starting to consider the final end users (consumers and prosumers) as a part of the solution in power system
operation activities. In this sense, the end-users are changing their behavior from
passive to active players. The role of aggregators is essential in order to empower
the end-users, also contributing to those behavior changes. Although in several
countries aggregators are legally recognized as an entity of the power and energy
system, its role being mainly centered on representing end-users in wholesale
market participation.
This work contributes to the advancement of the state-of-the-art with
models that enable the active involvement of the end-users in electricity markets
in order to become key participants in the management of power and energy
systems. Aggregators are expected to play an essential role in these models,
making the connection between the residential end-users, electricity markets,
and network operators. Thus, this work focuses on providing solutions to a wide
variety of challenges faced by aggregators.
The main results of this work include the developed models to enable
consumers and prosumers participation in electricity markets and power and
energy systems management. The proposed decision support models consider
demand-side management applications, local electricity market models,
electricity portfolio management, and local ancillary services.
The proposed models are validated through case studies based on real data.
The used scenarios allow a comprehensive validation of the models from
different perspectives, namely end-users, aggregators, and network operators.
The considered case studies were carefully selected to demonstrate the characteristics of each model, and to demonstrate how each of them contributes
to answering the research questions defined to this work.[ES] La creciente preocupación por la escasez de combustibles fósiles, sus costos
y su impacto en el medio ambiente ha llevado a las instituciones
gubernamentales a lanzar políticas energéticas que promuevan la creciente
instalación de tecnologías que utilizan fuentes de energía renovables para
generar energía. La creciente penetración de las fuentes de energía renovable trae
consigo una gran fluctuación en el lado de la generación, lo que afecta
fuertemente la gestión del sistema de potencia y energía. El control de este
sistema está pasando de un enfoque jerárquico y central a un enfoque inteligente
y distribuido. Actualmente, los operadores del sistema están comenzando a
considerar a los usuarios finales (consumidores y prosumidores) como parte de
la solución en las actividades de operación del sistema eléctrico. En este sentido,
los usuarios finales están cambiando su comportamiento de jugadores pasivos a
jugadores activos. El papel de los agregadores es esencial para empoderar a los
usuarios finales, contribuyendo también a esos cambios de comportamiento.
Aunque en varios países los agregadores están legalmente reconocidos como una
entidad del sistema eléctrico y energético, su papel se centra principalmente en
representar a los usuarios finales en la participación del mercado mayorista.
Este trabajo contribuye al avance del estado del arte con modelos que
permiten la participación activa de los usuarios finales en los mercados eléctricos
para convertirse en participantes clave en la gestión de los sistemas de potencia
y energía. Se espera que los agregadores desempeñen un papel esencial en estos
modelos, haciendo la conexión entre los usuarios finales residenciales, los
mercados de electricidad y los operadores de red. Por lo tanto, este trabajo se
enfoca en brindar soluciones a una amplia variedad de desafíos que enfrentan los
agregadores.
Los principales resultados de este trabajo incluyen los modelos
desarrollados para permitir la participación de los consumidores y prosumidores
en los mercados eléctricos y la gestión de los sistemas de potencia y energía. Los
modelos de soporte de decisiones propuestos consideran aplicaciones de gestión
del lado de la demanda, modelos de mercado eléctrico local, gestión de cartera
de electricidad y servicios auxiliares locales.
Los modelos propuestos son validan mediante estudios de casos basados en
datos reales. Los escenarios utilizados permiten una validación integral de los
modelos desde diferentes perspectivas, a saber, usuarios finales, agregadores y
operadores de red. Los casos de estudio considerados fueron cuidadosamente
seleccionados para demostrar las características de cada modelo y demostrar
cómo cada uno de ellos contribuye a responder las preguntas de investigación
definidas para este trabajo
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