369 research outputs found
Position paper on time and event-triggered communication services in the context of e-manufacturing
Modern factories are complex systems where
advances in networking and information technologies are
opening new ways towards higher efficiency. Such move
is being driven by market rules with ever-increasing
competition levels, in search for faster time-to-market,
improved process yield, non-stop operations, flexible
manufacturing and tighter supply-chain coupling. All
these aims present a common requirement, i.e. a realtime
flow of information, from the plant-floor up to the
management, maintenance, suppliers and clients, to
support accurate monitoring and control of the factory.
This stresses the importance achieved by the communication
infrastructure in modern manufacturing industry.
This paper presents the authors view concerning the
current trends in modern factory communication systems.
It addresses the problems of seamlessly integrating
different information flows with diverse requirements,
mainly in terms of timeliness. In this aspect, the debate
between event-triggered and time-triggered communication
is revisited as well as the joint support for both types
of traffic. Finally, a view of where factory communication
systems are moving to is also presented, showing the
impact of open and widely available technologies.FCT. Comissão Europeia(ARTIST,IST-2001-34820
Ethernet - a survey on its fields of application
During the last decades, Ethernet progressively became the most widely used local area networking (LAN) technology. Apart from LAN installations, Ethernet became also attractive for many other fields of application, ranging from industry to avionics, telecommunication, and multimedia. The expanded application of this technology is mainly due to its significant assets like reduced cost, backward-compatibility, flexibility, and expandability. However, this new trend raises some problems concerning the services of the protocol and the requirements for each application. Therefore, specific adaptations prove essential to integrate this communication technology in each field of application. Our primary objective is to show how Ethernet has been enhanced to comply with the specific requirements of several application fields, particularly in transport, embedded and multimedia contexts. The paper first describes the common Ethernet LAN technology and highlights its main features. It reviews the most important specific Ethernet versions with respect to each application field’s requirements. Finally, we compare these different fields of application and we particularly focus on the fundamental concepts and the quality of service capabilities of each proposal
Simulation of Mixed Critical In-vehicular Networks
Future automotive applications ranging from advanced driver assistance to
autonomous driving will largely increase demands on in-vehicular networks. Data
flows of high bandwidth or low latency requirements, but in particular many
additional communication relations will introduce a new level of complexity to
the in-car communication system. It is expected that future communication
backbones which interconnect sensors and actuators with ECU in cars will be
built on Ethernet technologies. However, signalling from different application
domains demands for network services of tailored attributes, including
real-time transmission protocols as defined in the TSN Ethernet extensions.
These QoS constraints will increase network complexity even further.
Event-based simulation is a key technology to master the challenges of an
in-car network design. This chapter introduces the domain-specific aspects and
simulation models for in-vehicular networks and presents an overview of the
car-centric network design process. Starting from a domain specific description
language, we cover the corresponding simulation models with their workflows and
apply our approach to a related case study for an in-car network of a premium
car
Integration of sensor and actuator networks and the SCADA System to promote the migration of the legacy flexible manufacturing system towards the industry 4.0 concept
Se implementan redes de sensores y actuadores en los procesos de fabricación automatizados utilizando buses de campo industriales, donde las unidades de automatización y los sistemas de supervisión también están conectados a intercambiar información operacional. En el contexto de la cuarta revolución industrial entrante, llamada Industria 4.0, la gestión de las instalaciones de legado es una cuestión primordial a tratar. Este documento presenta una solución para mejorar la conectividad de un sistema de fabricación flexible heredado, que constituye el primer paso en la adopción del concepto de Industria 4.0. Tal sistema incluye el PROCESO de bus de campo FIELD BUS (PROFIBUS) alrededor del cual se interconectan los sensores, actuadores y controladores. En orden para establecer una comunicación efectiva entre la red de sensores y actuadores y una red de supervision se implementa un enfoque de hardware y software que incluye la conectividad Ethernet. Este se prevé que la labor contribuya a la migración de los sistemas heredados hacia la desafiante industria 4.0 marco. Los resultados experimentales prueban el correcto funcionamiento del FMS y la viabilidad de la propuesta.Networks of sensors and actuators in automated manufacturing processes are implemented using industrial fieldbuses, where automation units and supervisory systems are also connected to exchange operational information. In the context of the incoming fourth industrial revolution, called Industry 4.0, the management of legacy facilities is a paramount issue to deal with. This paper presents a solution to enhance the connectivity of a legacy Flexible Manufacturing System, which constitutes the first step in the adoption of the Industry 4.0 concept. Such a system includes the fieldbus PROcess FIeld BUS (PROFIBUS) around which sensors, actuators, and controllers are interconnected. In order to establish effective communication between the sensors and actuators network and a supervisory system, a hardware and software approach including Ethernet connectivity is implemented. This work is envisioned to contribute to the migration of legacy systems towards the challenging Industry 4.0 framework. The experimental results prove the proper operation of the FMS and the feasibility of the proposal.peerReviewe
A Dual-Rate Model Predictive Controller for Fieldbus Based Distributed Control Systems
In modern Distributed Control Systems (DCS), an industrial computer network protocol known as fieldbus is used in chemical, petro-chemical and other process industries for real-time communication between digital controllers, sensors, actuators and other smart devices. In a closed-loop digital control system, data is transferred from sensor to controller and controller to actuator cyclically in a timely but discontinuous fashion at a specific rate known as sampling-rate or macrocycle through fieldbus. According to the current trend of fieldbus technology, in most industrial control systems, the sampling-rate or macrocycle is fixed at the time of system configuration. This fixed sampling-rate makes it impossible to use a multi-rate controller that can automatically switch between multiple sampling-rates at run time to gain some advantages, such as network bandwidth conservation, energy conservation and reduction of mechanical wear in actuators.
This thesis is concerned about design and implementation of a dual-rate controller which automatically switches between the two sampling-rates depending on system’s dynamic state. To be more precise, the controller uses faster sampling-rate when the process goes through transient states and slower sampling-rate when the process is at steady-state operation. The controller is based on a Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm and a Kalman filter based observer.
This thesis starts with theoretical development of the dual-rate controller design. Subsequently, the developed controller is implemented on a Siemens PCS 7 system for controlling a physical process. The investigation has concluded that this control strategy can indeed lead to conservation of network bandwidth, energy savings in field devices and reduction of wear in mechanical actuators in fieldbus based distributed control systems
A study on industrial communication networking: ethernet based implementation
Recent enhancement of an industrial communication and networking
technology has made it possible to apply Ethernet networks at all levels of industrial
automation, especially at controller level where the data exchange in real-time
communication is mandatory. This thesis presents a study on the development of
industrial communication network based on the Ethernet and its implementation on a
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM-70A) system which located at Robotic
Laboratory in KUiTTHO. The Ethernet module was installed on supervisory
OMRON PLC to integrate the various stations in the ClM-70A system. The
workability of this communication technique was analyzed and compared with the
conventional serial communication which is widely used in automation networking
systems. Through this approach, the communication and integration of elM systems
can be accessed easily and hence available to be upgraded to the management and
enterprise levels of automation
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