96 research outputs found

    IoT Resources and Their Practical Application, A Comprehensive Study

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    The Internet of Things (IoT) has become a paradigm shifter, connecting an enormous number of smart devices and facilitating seamless data exchange for a diverse array of applications. The availability and effective use of the IoT ecosystem's resources are key factors in determining how its practical applications will develop as they mature. The IoT resources and their practical application across several areas are thoroughly explored in this paper. The paper begins by classifying and describing the various sensor types, their applications in various fields, and IoT resources, highlighting their contributions to real-time data collection, processing, and transmission. It then goes on to demonstrate a wide range of real-world uses for these resources, such as smart cities, education, agriculture, business, healthcare, environment monitoring, transportation, and industrial automation. However, utilizing IoT resources effectively is not without difficulties. Critical difficulties such as resource allocation, scalability, security, interoperability, and privacy concerns are identified and discussed in the paper. Furthermore, the paper also highlights future directions and emerging trends in IoT resource management, including edge computing, cloud computing, human machine integration, and compatibility with other systems. These developments aim to increase the dependability of IoT applications in diverse settings and optimize resource allocation. This paper's conclusion highlights the crucial role that IoT resources play in advancing real-world applications across a variety of areas. Researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and other stakeholders may collaborate together to effectively leverage the full potential of IoT resources to build intelligent, effective ecosystems that meet the needs of contemporary society by solving difficulties and utilizing developing trends

    ESP32 Based Electric Energy Consumption Meter

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    In recent years, the Smart Energy Meter has attracted a lot of attention from all over the world. In this paper a design and prototyping a low-cost IoT energy monitoring is presented, which may be utilized in a variety of applications such as power billing, smart grid energy management, and home automation. The system is based on a low-cost ESP32 microcontroller that is interfaced non-invasive Current Transformer (CT) sensors, and voltage sensor to get data from sensor nodes and deliver it to a Blynk server over the internet. The studies' findings showed that the system for monitoring energy consumption can precisely record voltage, current, active power, and cumulative power consumption

    IoT*(Ambisense): Smart environment monitoring using LoRa

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    In this work, IoT* (AmbiSense), we present our developed IoT system as a solution for Building and Energy Management using visualization tools to identify heuristics and create automatic savings. Our developed prototypes communicate using LoRa, one of the latest IoT technologies, and are composed of a set of battery-operated sensors tied to a System on Chip. These sensors acquire environmental data such as temperature, humidity, luminosity, air quality, and also motion. For small to medium-size buildings where system management is possible, a multiplatform dashboard provides visualization templates with real-time data, allowing to identify patterns and extract heuristics that lead to savings using a set of pre-defined actions or manual intervention. LoBEMS (LoRa Building and Energy Management System), was validated in a kindergarten school during a three-year period. As an outcome, the evaluation of the proposed platform resulted in a 20% energy saving and a major improvement of the environment quality and comfort inside the school. For larger buildings where system management is not possible, we created a 3D visualization tool, that presents the system collected data and warnings in an interactive model of the building. This scenario was validated at ISCTE-IUL University Campus, where it was necessary to introduce the community interaction to achieve savings. As a requested application case, our system was also validated at the University Data Center, where the system templates were used to detect anomalies and suggest changes. Our flexible system approach can easily be deployed to any building facility without requiring large investments or complex system deployments.Nesta dissertação de mestrado, IoT * (AmbiSense), é apresentado um sistema IoT desenvolvido como uma solução para Gestão de Edifícios e Energia recorrendo a ferramentas de visualização para identificar heurísticas e criar poupanças automáticas. Os protótipos desenvolvidos comunicam utilizando LoRa, e são compostos por um conjunto de sensores ligados a um microcontrolador alimentado por bateria. Os sensores adquirem dados como temperatura, humidade, luminosidade, qualidade do ar e movimento. Para edifícios de pequena e média dimensão onde a gestão do sistema é possível, um dashboard fornece templates de visualização com dados em tempo real, permitindo extrair heurísticas, que introduzem poupanças através de um conjunto de ações predefinidas ou intervenção manual. O sistema LoBEMS (LoRa Building and Energy Management System), foi validado numa escola local durante um período de três anos. A avaliação do sistema resultou numa poupança de energia de 20% e uma melhoria significativa da qualidade do ambiente e conforto no interior da escola. Para edifícios de maior dimensão onde a gestão do sistema não é possível, criámos uma ferramenta de visualização 3D, que apresenta os dados e alertas do sistema, num modelo interativo do edifício. Este cenário foi validado no campus do ISCTE-IUL, onde foi necessária a interação da Comunidade para obter poupanças. Foi nos também solicitada uma validação do sistema no centro de dados da Universidade, onde os templates do sistema foram utilizados para detetar anomalias e sugerir alterações. A flexibilidade do sistema permite a sua implementação em qualquer edifício, sem exigir um grande investimento ou implementações complexas

    Development of an IoT-based automatic fertigation system

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    Fertigation supplies water and liquid fertilizer through the same channel to plants. Using drip irrigation set up for fertigation allows the root zone of the plant to be continuously supplied with nutrients and water throughout the farm season. Conventionally, fertigated systems are controlled using pre-set timers to turn on and off fertilizer injectors and irrigation pumps, and also to set the frequency and duration of supply. Therefore, fertigation management is usually based only on predictive algorithms or historical data, which may not be accurate for all situations. Development of a microcontroller-based fertigation management system within the Nigerian (Sub-Saharan Africa) region using a capacitive soil moisture sensor and a JXCT-IOT Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) soil nitrogen sensor is presented. The sensors are placed in the soil around the root region of plants to enable a microcontroller to monitor the soil properties, determine how much water or nutrients the plant needs, and supply the amount needed through a drip irrigation framework. The tap water and urea solution are placed inside separate reservoirs and supplied to the plant through solenoid valves controlled by the microcontroller. Furthermore, an Internet of Things (IoT) client (Blynk IoT) was integrated with the fertigation system so that the fertigation process, as well as the soil state, could be monitored and controlled remotely. The data read from the sensors as well as the state of the solenoid valves were sent over the internet to be stored on the Blynk servers. A website and mobile (Android) dashboards were also created using the Blynk IOT platform to display the states of the valves and the sensor readings. The automatic fertigation system was found to be functional. The system keeps the soil moisture and nitrogen content between the recommended ranges: moisture content between 25% and 46% and nitrogen content between 20 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg for cucumber crops. Fertigation events occur every morning between 5 and 6 am

    A Methodology for Trustworthy IoT in Healthcare-Related Environments

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    The transition to the so-called retirement years, comes with the freedom to pursue old passions and hobbies that were not possible to do in the past busy life. Unfortunately, that freedom does not come alone, as the previous young years are gone, and the body starts to feel the time that passed. The necessity to adapt elder way of living, grows as they become more prone to health problems. Often, the solution for the attention required by the elders is nursing homes, or similar, that take away their so cherished independence. IoT has the great potential to help elder citizens stay healthier at home, since it has the possibility to connect and create non-intrusive systems capable of interpreting data and act accordingly. With that capability, comes the responsibility to ensure that the collected data is reliable and trustworthy, as human wellbeing may rely on it. Addressing this uncertainty is the motivation for the presented work. The proposed methodology to reduce this uncertainty and increase confidence relies on a data fusion and a redundancy approach, using a sensor set. Since the scope of wellbeing environment is wide, this thesis focuses its proof of concept on the detection of falls inside home environments, through an android app using an accelerometer sensor and a micro- phone. The experimental results demonstrates that the implemented system has more than 80% of reliable performance and can provide trustworthy results. Currently the app is being tested also in the frame of the European Union projects Smart4Health and Smart Bear.A transição para os chamados anos de reforma, vem com a liberdade de perseguir velhas pai- xões e passatempos que na passada vida ocupada não eram possíveis de realizar. Infelizmente, essa liberdade não vem sozinha, uma vez que os anos jovens anteriores terminaram, e o corpo começa a sentir o tempo que passou. A necessidade de adaptar o modo de vida dos menos jovens, cresce à medida que estes se tornam mais propensos a problemas de saúde. Muitas vezes, a solução para a atenção que os mais idosos necessitam são os lares de idosos, ou similares, que lhes tiram a tão querida independência. IoT tem o grande potencial de ajudar os cidadãos idosos a permanecerem mais saudá- veis em casa, uma vez que tem a possibilidade de se ligar e criar sistemas não intrusivos capa- zes de interpretar dados e agir em conformidade. Com essa capacidade, vem a responsabili- dade de assegurar que os dados recolhidos são fiáveis e de confiança, uma vez que o bem- estar humano possa depender dos mesmos. Abordar esta incerteza é a motivação para o tra- balho apresentado. A metodologia proposta para reduzir esta incerteza e aumentar a confiança no sistema baseia-se numa fusão de dados e numa abordagem de redundância, utilizando um conjunto de sensores. Uma vez que o assunto de bem-estar e saúde é vasto, esta tese concentra a sua prova de conceito na deteção de quedas dentro de ambientes domésticos, através de uma aplicação android, utilizando um sensor de acelerómetro e um microfone. Os resultados expe- rimentais demonstram que o sistema implementado tem um desempenho superior a 80% e pode fornecer dados fiáveis. Atualmente a aplicação está a ser testada também no âmbito dos projetos da União Europeia Smart4Health e Smart Bear

    IoT Garden Frost Alarm

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    Home gardeners are faced with yearly challenges due to spring frosts harming young plants. This is frequently mitigated by covering crops with frost blankets, but only on nights when a frost is predicted. In areas with less predictable climate, an unexpected frost can kill vulnerable plants, reducing the amount of food produced. A system is proposed and designed here to use internet of things (IoT) technology to enable a small weather station in the home garden to report current climate data and predict frosts, then alert the gardener in time for them to cover their plants. The system as designed consists of an IoT endpoint, powered by a microcontroller in a watertight housing and connected to a weatherproof temperature and humidity sensor, as well as cloud services configured to collect and analyze weather data, and finally an iOS app for gardeners to monitor the conditions in their gardens and receive push notifications about incoming frosts. To make the system accessible to home gardeners, the design was required to cost under 200toconstructandbeasinexpensiveaspossibleinoperatingcosts,measuretemperaturetowithinhalfadegreecentigrade,becapableofoperatingattemperaturesdownto−20ºC,supportethernetconnectionsforgardensfarfromthehouse,andmustallowthegardenertoconfigureatemperaturethresholdbelowwhichtheywillalwaysbenotified,whetherornotthedewpointindicatesanincomingfrost.AnESP32microcontroller,codedinC++intheArduinoenvironment,wasusedforthefinalendpointdesign,alongwithanethernetshieldandtheSHT31temperatureandhumiditysensor.GoogleCloudserviceswereusedfortheclouddatapipeline,andGoogleFirebasewasusedforadatabaseandforcommunicationwiththeiOSapp.TheiOSappwasdevelopedinSwiftusingtheSwiftUIframework,withsignificantsupportfromFirebaselibrariesforcommunicationwiththecloud.Alldesigngoalsweremetbythefinaldesignexceptforthelowyearlyoperatingcost.ThiswasduetotheunexpectedrequirementofhavinganAppleDeveloperaccount,whichcosts200 to construct and be as inexpensive as possible in operating costs, measure temperature to within half a degree centigrade, be capable of operating at temperatures down to -20ºC, support ethernet connections for gardens far from the house, and must allow the gardener to configure a temperature threshold below which they will always be notified, whether or not the dew point indicates an incoming frost. An ESP32 microcontroller, coded in C++ in the Arduino environment, was used for the final endpoint design, along with an ethernet shield and the SHT31 temperature and humidity sensor. Google Cloud services were used for the cloud data pipeline, and Google Firebase was used for a database and for communication with the iOS app. The iOS app was developed in Swift using the SwiftUI framework, with significant support from Firebase libraries for communication with the cloud. All design goals were met by the final design except for the low yearly operating cost. This was due to the unexpected requirement of having an Apple Developer account, which costs 99 per year, in order to send push notifications to iOS apps. Due to this unexpectedly high cost, several alternative notification solutions, including an Android app and a secondary physical endpoint with alarm functionality, are proposed at the end of this report, as well as suggestions for potential commercialization

    Investigation of iot devices for fire alarm systems using raspberry pi

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    Every home and industrial building in today’s world, from the simplest to the most complex is fitted with an automation system. Fire has the potential to kill people and destroy whole nations. Fire is an accidental event. This study investigate the design of a fire alarm detection system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and the potency of an alarm system with the IoT in reducing time taken for system to alert the user. The design utilizes a system prototype with wireless access in an open source physical computing platform based on Raspberry Pi technology using a personal computer that provides the communication and user interface for both the control system and the fire alarm systems. This includes wireless connectivity between sensors and apps for monitoring and control. The sensors using to measure the related parameters that is temperature, presence of gas and humidity of the area. The Raspberry Pi is programmed to turn on the buzzer when the temperature and smoke reach a threshold value. This system equipped with WiFi module built in the Raspberry Pi will send the notification to the user via Blynk apps. The trial findings demonstrated the Raspberry Pi's affordability, effectiveness, and responsiveness in reducing the time it takes for the system to alert the user

    C-Remor: UVC-Room Sterilization Mobile Robot

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    Mobile robots can be used in a variety of Internet of Things projects. The sterilization robot is created in the form of a mobile robot by combining two microcontrollers. The Arduino Uno microcontroller provides a sensor acquisition device, while the ESP32-cam provides the actuator controller, which is linked to the Wi-Fi network displayed on the web server. The millis function has been used in the Arduino module programming process because it requires doing tasks at the same time. This modeling system has an accuracy of about 80% for Arduino module settings as sensor controllers and 80%-86% for ESP32-cam modules as user interfaces and actuator controllers. This is due to the sensor's limited range and the Wi-Fi network used

    WHAT IS SMART ABOUT SERVICES? BREAKING THE BOND BETWEEN THE SMART PRODUCT AND THE SERVICE

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    While the conceptual delineation between conventional and smart products is rather conspicuous, the distinction between conventional services and their smart counterparts remains elusive. This study develops a conceptual framework for understanding the distinctive attributes of smart services and their relationship to smart products. In a systematic literature review of publications from top information systems outlets, 30 contributions holding relevant information on smart services are identified and subjected to content analysis. The analysis reveals a variety of different definitions and characterizations of smart services and relations to concepts like data-driven services and services associated to smart products and smart objects. These findings are used to examine artifacts developed in rather design-oriented papers to derive five dimensions that impact the level of smartness of services: richness of the data, the knowledge intensiveness of the engine for decision support, the level of sophistication of the outcome delivered to the service user(s), the architecture of the stakeholders, and the automation level of the service processes. Within this scope, the product can have four roles: sensor, computer, interface, or integrator. The paper concludes by identifying some gaps in the overall research landscape and provides directions for future research

    Smart cities air pollution monitoring system - Developing a potential data collecting platform based on Raspberry Pi

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    >Magister Scientiae - MScAir pollution is becoming a challenging issue in our daily lives due to advanced industrialization. This thesis presents a solution to collection and dissemination of pollution data. Most of the devices that monitor air quality are costly and have limited features. The aim of this study is to revisit the issue of pollution in cities with the aim of providing a cheaper and scalable solution to the challenge of pollution data collection and dissemination. The solution proposed in this paper uses Raspberry Pi and Arduino micro-controller boards as the foundation, combined with specific sensors to facilitate the collection and transfer of pollution data reliably and effectively. While most traditional air pollution monitoring equipment and similar projects use memory cards as a medium for data storage, the system proposed in this research is built around a new network selection model that transfers data to the server by using either Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GSM, or the LoRa protocol. The connectivity protocol is selected automatically and opportunistically by the network selection algorithm defined in the micro-controller board. The final data will be presented to the user through a mobile application and website interface effectively and intuitively after being processed in the server. This data transfer system can effectively reduce the cost and input of human resources. It is a viable solution. For other environmental research, this system can provide an air quality data support for analysis and reference. Modularity and cost-effectiveness are fully considered when designing the system. It is a viable solution. We can generalize the system by slightly changing the data transmission modules. In other case, it can be used as a platform for similar data transmission and offer help for other research directions
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