Design and Construction of a Standard Planetary Microfilming Camera Target Array (PMTA)

After researching the current applications, problems, and evaluation techniques of planetary microfilming systems, the authors designed and constructed a standard Planetary Microfilming camera Target Array (PMTA) that essentially satisfied three criteria, i.e. 1) inexpensive to produce, 2) simple to use, and 3) satisfies testing criteria for both microfilming equipment manufacture and user. Ten evaluation parameters were incorporated in two targets PMTA-I and PMTA-II. PMTA-I includes tests for 1) resolution, 2) readability of printed matter, 3) reduction ratio, 4) exposure and processing, 5) full field visual distortion, and finally 6) corner visual distortion. PMTA-II was designed to evaluate, 7) quatitative distortion, 8) continous tone, 9) evenness of illumination, and 10) alignment of microfilming system

Practice, principles, and theory in the design of instructional text

This study is concerned with an analysis of the research arising from three quite different perspectives on instructional text - the `physical characteristics' research (legibility, layout, and readability), the `improvement of text' research (visual illustrations, adjunct aids, and typographical cueing), and the `learning theories' research (representation of knowledge, human memory, and quality of learning). From this analysis there is synthesised principles for the design of instructional text against which heuristic practice in text design is evaluated and from which a nascent theory of instructional text design is evolved. The principles derived from the various research perspectives provide a basis for the manipulation of text design elements in order to ensure that (a) existing knowledge in the reader can be activated, and (b) new knowledge can be assimilated in a manner facilitative of comprehension by (i) presentation in a structured and organised way, and (ii) appropriately highlighted through verbal and typographic cueing supported, as required, by verbal illustration and organisation. The emerging theory of instructional text design suggests: a topical analysis to determine the heirarchic relationship of ideas within the topic and the desired learning outcomes or objectives; a consideration of the linguistic aspects of the text; a consideration of the role of visual illustrations; and a consideration of the physical parameters of the text. These activities are concerned, respectively, with the design areas of structure and organisation, readability, visual illustration, and legibility, and are summed up in the acronym SORVIL

Reflections on Visualization in Motion for Fitness Trackers

International audienceIn this paper, we reflect on our past work towards understanding how to design visualizations for fitness trackers that are used in motion. We have coined the term "visualization in motion" for visualizations that are used in the presence of relative motion between a viewer and the visualization. Here, we describe how visualization in motion is relevant to sports scenarios. We also provide new data on current smartwatch visualizations for sports and discuss future challenges for visualizations in motion for fitness trackers

Endless News Most Beautiful: Exploring The Visual Landscape of Journalism and Transforming The Carroll News’ Visual Identity

This project aims to explore the practice, value and impact of newspaper design and how its principles can be applied to construct a coherent visual identity for a college newspaper. The first part will examine primary and secondary sources on visual journalism, including both theoretical and visual analysis of renowned newspaper designs around the world. The second part focuses on designing a complete visual overhaul for The Carroll News. This part will include insights from key current and former Carroll News staff members through interviews, and a survey of Communications majors, who are frequently exposed to news media, to gather their opinions on the current visual presentation of The Carroll News and their inputs into the final look for the redesign

Improved display support for flight management during low visibility approach and landing. A simulator evaluation of an ILS-independent runway perspective display Final report

Low visibility approach and landing simulation for jet transport

Conveying meaning through design in a safety critical medical system

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel UniversityMedication errors account for a significant number of medical errors. Giving medications to patients is an activity that carries a high risk of error. In an effort to improve patient safety in this area several approaches have been employed. Many of these have taken a systems approach in that they consider how organisational factors such as medicines management, staffing levels, ward layout, shift patterns and staff training have contributed to the errors. None of these studies describe errors in detailed form at task level. This Thesis addresses the gap in knowledge by presenting a systematic analysis of the component tasks of hospital drug administration where none exists and goes on to describe novel design artefacts that assist the identification of drugs. The thesis highlights how hierarchical task analysis, a human factors technique, can be applied to the hospital drug administration task. Task analysis techniques have been used in many high-risk domains in industry as a means of analysing human activity in complex systems but remains an underused technique in health care. Used with the Systematic Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach (SHERPA), hierarchical task analysis provides an effective way of predicting where errors in the drug administration task are likely to occur. SHERPA uses a taxonomy of human error modes to highlight types of error and makes suggestions to reduce these errors. Medication errors take many forms however it was decided to focus on the immediate interaction between the nurse and the patient. The measures considered to potentially have a significant influence were adding conspicuous labelling to medication packages. These were enhanced by icons intended to represent categories of drugs. Constructing a three dimensional representation of the icon design was considered to provide nurses with an additional channel of information. Technological solutions were proposed and a patient identity bracelet that uses a programmable chip to link the patient to their prescribed medication was viewed as having a huge potential to simplify the checking aspect of administering medications in which the nurse compares a medication order which is often badly written with available drug stock. The device prevents nurses giving medications to the wrong patient. It also prevents them administering an overdose.Anthony Anson medical fun