5,709 research outputs found
Fake News Detection in Social Networks via Crowd Signals
Our work considers leveraging crowd signals for detecting fake news and is
motivated by tools recently introduced by Facebook that enable users to flag
fake news. By aggregating users' flags, our goal is to select a small subset of
news every day, send them to an expert (e.g., via a third-party fact-checking
organization), and stop the spread of news identified as fake by an expert. The
main objective of our work is to minimize the spread of misinformation by
stopping the propagation of fake news in the network. It is especially
challenging to achieve this objective as it requires detecting fake news with
high-confidence as quickly as possible. We show that in order to leverage
users' flags efficiently, it is crucial to learn about users' flagging
accuracy. We develop a novel algorithm, DETECTIVE, that performs Bayesian
inference for detecting fake news and jointly learns about users' flagging
accuracy over time. Our algorithm employs posterior sampling to actively trade
off exploitation (selecting news that maximize the objective value at a given
epoch) and exploration (selecting news that maximize the value of information
towards learning about users' flagging accuracy). We demonstrate the
effectiveness of our approach via extensive experiments and show the power of
leveraging community signals for fake news detection
If you build it, will they come? How researchers perceive and use web 2.0
Over the past 15 years, the web has transformed the way we seek and use
information. In the last 5 years in particular a set of innovative techniques â
collectively termed âweb 2.0â â have enabled people to become producers as
well as consumers of information.
It has been suggested that these relatively easy-to-use tools, and the behaviours which
underpin their use, have enormous potential for scholarly researchers, enabling them to
communicate their research and its findings more rapidly, broadly and effectively than
ever before.
This report is based on a study commissioned by the Research Information Network to
investigate whether such aspirations are being realised. It seeks to improve our currently
limited understanding of whether, and if so how, researchers are making use of various
web 2.0 tools in the course of their work, the factors that encourage or inhibit adoption,
and researchersâ attitudes towards web 2.0 and other forms of communication.
Context:
How researchers communicate their work and their findings varies in different subjects
or disciplines, and in different institutional settings. Such differences have a strong
influence on how researchers approach the adoption â or not â of new information and
communications technologies. It is also important to stress that âweb 2.0â encompasses
a wide range of interactions between technologies and social practices which allow web
users to generate, repurpose and share content with each other. We focus in this study on
a range of generic tools â wikis, blogs and some social networking systems â as well as
those designed specifically by and for people within the scholarly community.
Method:
Our study was designed not only to capture current attitudes and patterns of adoption but
also to identify researchersâ needs and aspirations, and problems that they encounter.
We began with an online survey, which collected information about researchersâ information
gathering and dissemination habits and their attitudes towards web 2.0. This was followed
by in-depth, semi-structured interviews with a stratified sample of survey respondents to
explore in more depth their experience of web 2.0, including perceived barriers as well as
drivers to adoption. Finally, we undertook five case studies of web 2.0 services to investigate
their development and adoption across different communities and business models.
Key findings:
Our study indicates that a majority of researchers are making at least occasional use of one
or more web 2.0 tools or services for purposes related to their research: for communicating
their work; for developing and sustaining networks and collaborations; or for finding out
about what others are doing. But frequent or intensive use is rare, and some researchers
regard blogs, wikis and other novel forms of communication as a waste of time or even
dangerous.
In deciding if they will make web 2.0 tools and services part of their everyday practice, the
key questions for researchers are the benefits they may secure from doing so, and how it fits
with their use of established services. Researchers who use web 2.0 tools and services do not
see them as comparable to or substitutes for other channels and means of communication,
but as having their own distinctive role for specific purposes and at particular stages of
research. And frequent use of one kind of tool does not imply frequent use of others as well
Public Participation GIS for sustainable urban mobility planning: methods, applications and challenges
Sustainable mobility planning is a new approach to planning, and as such it requires new methods of public participation, data collection and data aggregation. In the article we present an overview of Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) methods with potential use in sustainable urban mobility planning. We present the methods using examples from two recent case studies conducted in Polish cities of PoznaĆ and ĆodĆș. Sustainable urban mobility planning is a cyclical process, and each stage has different data and participatory requirements. Consequently, we situate the PPGIS methods in appropriate stages of planning, based on potential benefits they may bring into the planning process. We discuss key issues related to participant recruitment and provide guidelines for planners interested in implementing methods presented in the paper. The article outlines future research directions stressing the need for systematic case study evaluation
Ignore These At Your Peril: Ten principles for trust design
Online trust has been discussed for more than 10 years, yet little practical guidance has emerged that has proven to be applicable across contexts or useful in the long run. 'Trustworthy UI design guidelines' created in the late 90ies to address the then big question of online trust: how to get shoppers online, are now happily employed by people preparing phishing scams. In this paper we summarize, in practical terms, a conceptual framework for online trust we've established in 2005. Because of its abstract nature it is still useful as a lens through which to view the current big questions of the online trust debate - large focused on usable security and phishing attacks. We then deduct practical 10 rules for providing effective trust support to help practitioners and researchers of usable security
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