Ergatic dynamic control systems

Synthesis and analysis of systems containing a man in their control circuits are considered. The concepts of ergonomics and ergatic systems are defined, and tasks and problems of ergonomics are outlined. The synthesis of the structure of an astronautic ergatic organism is presented, as well as the synthesis of nonstationary ergatic systems. Problems of selecting the criteria for complex systems are considered, and the results are presented from a study of ergatic control systems with any degree of human participation

Observations of Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Emission from Supernova Remnants with VERITAS

The nature and source of cosmic rays has been at the core of particle astrophysics since their discovery almost a century ago. The cosmic ray spectrum is best described by a broken power law, and can be better understood as three distinct parts. Theory holds that cosmic rays up to ∼1015 eV – those below the “knee” or steepening in the spectrum – are produced in the shocks of supernova remnants. Direct detection of cosmic rays produced in supernova remnant shocks is impossible, however, as cosmic rays below ∼1018 eV are deflected by the Galactic magnetic field and cannot be traced back to their origins. If high energy hadrons are produced within the immediate environment of a supernova remnant, collisions will occur within the surrounding medium. As a result, pion production and subsequent decay will give rise to very high energy gamma rays (E\u3e100 GeV). Since these gamma rays will not interact with any magnetic field, they can be traced back to their point of origin. Thus, Atmospheric Cherenkov Detectors like VERITAS, which have the capability to detect very high energy gamma rays via their interaction with our atmosphere, provide us the means of directly testing the theory of the origin of cosmic rays in supernova remnants. Observations of 13 supernovae made with the VERITAS instrument are presented herein, including 5 individually targeted remnants and 8 remnants within the VERITAS Cygnus region Sky Survey. The observations provide detections of two known VHE remnants (Cassiopeia A and the Crab Nebula), and meaningful flux limits on the remainder. Comparison of these results to both hadronic- and leptonic-origin emission models is carried out

State capitalism and the agricultural sector: aspects of political and economic development of Algeria

This thesis aims to examine some aspects of Algerian state capitalism and to situate it within a theoretical context derived from similar experiences in the Third World. The main emphasis has been placed on the state's policies towards agriculture, the most socially, economically, and politically important sector in Algerian society. The thesis looks at state capitalism in general as a transitional phase which, although involving approaches identified by some writers as 'socialist', leads ultimately to the development of 'conventional' capitalism. Algeria is viewed as a country which, despite having had the opportunity to erase much of its past and to reconstruct its economy on entirely new lines, has ended up developing according to capitalist laws. This development is traced to the nature of the socio-political forces that took over the leadership of the anti-colonial struggle and subsequently of the Algerian state. The analysis extends to include various aspects of the National Liberation Movement under colonialism and its development after independence. The thesis then describes the main characteristics of the economy immediately before and after independence and the major steps taken towards social and economic reconstruction. The state's agrarian policies are considered in the context of the social and political objectives of the ruling strata. These include attitudes to the self-management movement as a whole and in agriculture in particular, and the various measures of agrarian reform applied in the private sector. The reform is viewed as an essential precondition of the full incorporation of the agricultural sector into the state capitalist economy

31th International Conference on Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases

Information modelling is becoming more and more important topic for researchers, designers, and users of information systems.The amount and complexity of information itself, the number of abstractionlevels of information, and the size of databases and knowledge bases arecontinuously growing. Conceptual modelling is one of the sub-areas ofinformation modelling. The aim of this conference is to bring together experts from different areas of computer science and other disciplines, who have a common interest in understanding and solving problems on information modelling and knowledge bases, as well as applying the results of research to practice. We also aim to recognize and study new areas on modelling and knowledge bases to which more attention should be paid. Therefore philosophy and logic, cognitive science, knowledge management, linguistics and management science are relevant areas, too. In the conference, there will be three categories of presentations, i.e. full papers, short papers and position papers

Product Development within Artificial Intelligence, Ethics and Legal Risk

This open-access-book synthesizes a supportive developer checklist considering sustainable Team and agile Project Management in the challenge of Artificial Intelligence and limits of image recognition. The study bases on technical, ethical, and legal requirements with examples concerning autonomous vehicles. As the first of its kind, it analyzes all reported car accidents state wide (1.28 million) over a 10-year period. Integrating of highly sensitive international court rulings and growing consumer expectations make this book a helpful guide for product and team development from initial concept until market launch

Inhabited Machines

Around 1800, one of the most influential architectural concepts of the last 250 years emerged—that of built spaces as technical devices. Climate, morality, and comfort are the three main themes of this study, and each is vividly examined through synchronous comparison and with the help of examples. The book is aimed at readers interested in architecture, technology or the cultural history of building and living

Product Development within Artificial Intelligence, Ethics and Legal Risk

This open-access-book synthesizes a supportive developer checklist considering sustainable Team and agile Project Management in the challenge of Artificial Intelligence and limits of image recognition. The study bases on technical, ethical, and legal requirements with examples concerning autonomous vehicles. As the first of its kind, it analyzes all reported car accidents state wide (1.28 million) over a 10-year period. Integrating of highly sensitive international court rulings and growing consumer expectations make this book a helpful guide for product and team development from initial concept until market launch

Inhabited Machines

Around 1800, one of the most influential architectural concepts of the last 250 years emerged—that of built spaces as technical devices. Climate, morality, and comfort are the three main themes of this study, and each is vividly examined through synchronous comparison and with the help of examples. The book is aimed at readers interested in architecture, technology or the cultural history of building and living

World in Transition - A Social Contract for Sustainability [Welt im Wandel: Gesellschaftsvertrag fuer eine Grosse Transformation]

In this report, the WBGU explains the reasons for the desperate need for a post-fossil economic strategy, yet it also concludes that the transition to sustainability is achievable, and presents ten concrete packages of measures to accelerate the imperative restructuring. If the transformation really is to succeed, we have to enter into a social contract for innovation, in the form of a new kind of discourse between governments and citizens, both within and beyond the boundaries of the nation state