Advanced manufacturing technology for 3D profiled woven preforms

3D textile performs offer a high potential to increase mechanical properties of composites and they can reduce the production steps and costs as well. The variety of woven structures is enormous. The algorithms based on the conventional weaving notation can only represent the possible woven structures in a limited way. Within the scope of this dissertation, a new weaving notation was developed in order to analyze the multilayer woven structures analytically. Technological solutions were developed in order to guarantee a reproducible preform production with commingled hybrid yarns. Terry weaving technique can be utilized to create vertical connections on carrier fabrics, which makes it suitable for the development of complex profiles. A double rapier weaving machine was modified with electronically controlled terry weaving and pneumatic warp yarn pull-back systems. Various spacer fabrics and 3D profiles were developed. A linear take-up system is developed to assure reproducible preform production with a minimum material damage. Integrated cutting and laying mechanisms on the take-up system provides a high level of automation

Trade guilds that influenced the textile industry of western Europe, 12th through 14th centuries

The development of trade guilds and their influence on the textile industry in four areas in Western Europe were traced from the twelfth through the fourteenth centuries. The selected areas were England, Italy, France and the Netherlands. Special emphasis was placed on the guilds of the textile industry in England, while surveys of guild history in each of the other three countries revealed contrasts and similarities to the English guild system. The study investigated: the role of trade guilds, their rise and growth, and their influence on the development of the textile industry; the changing character of the guilds: the varying types of organization and purposes of guilds in each of the four countries; and distinctive traits and innovations in the textile industry of Western Europe during these three centuries

Textiles in three dimensions: an investigation into processes employing laser technology to form design-led three-dimensional textiles

This research details an investigation into processes employing laser technology to create design-led three-dimensional textiles. An analysis of historical and contemporary methods for making three-dimensional textiles categorises these as processes that construct a three-dimensional textile, processes that apply or remove material from an existing textile to generate three-dimensionality or processes that form an existing textile into a three-dimensional shape. Techniques used in these processes are a combination of joining, cutting, forming or embellishment. Laser processing is embedded in textile manufacturing for cutting and marking. This research develops three novel processes: laser-assisted template pleating which offers full design freedom and may be applied to both textile and non-textile materials. The language of origami is used to describe designs and inspire new design. laser pre-processing of cashmere cloth which facilitates surface patterning through laser interventions in the manufacturing cycle. laser sintering on textile substrates which applies additive manufacturing techniques to textiles for the generation of three-dimensional surface patterning and structures. A method is developed for determining optimum parameters for laser processing materials. It may be used by designers for parameter selection for processing new materials or parameter modification when working across systems

Creating closed-loop economies through reuse, recycling and bioproduct-based economic development: site assessment for Southern Willamette River Valley

29 p.This report assesses opportunities for stimulating closed-loop economic development in the Southern Willamette Valley region based on the reuse and recycling of: (1) materials in the municipality, (2) agricultural and forestry waste streams, as well as (3) local government infrastructure improvements. The researchers used the following methodologies in the first phase of this project: gather preliminary data; visit communities to hold meetings with government officials, agriculture, forestry, community and environment leaders; research and analyze recent technical innovations and current business conditions appropriate for unique needs of the community; make survey calls to environmentally sound enterprises interested in locating in the Southern Willamette Valley region; prepare this draft report; get feedback from citizens interested in the draft report; visit communities a second time, involving workshops and meetings to determine top priorities; issue and distributing a final report; and provide on-going technical assistance, due diligence, business site specification and financing plan leading to implementation of business enterprises

CEN/TC 250/WG 5 Membrane Structures Scientific and Policy Report (SaP-Report)

Documetn de treball del grup de redacció del EurocodiReport Series “Support to the implementation, harmonization and further development of the Eurocodes”Preprin

Thermal protection properties of aerogel-coated Kevlar woven fabrics

This paper investigated the thermal properties of aerogel-coated Kevlar fabrics under both the ambient temperature and high temperature with laser radiation. It is found that the aerogels combined with a Kevlar fabric contribute to a higher thermal insulation value. Under laser radiation with high temperature, the aerogel content plays a vital role on the surface temperature of the fabrics. At laser radiations with pixel time 330 μs, the surface temperatures of the aerogel coated Kevlar fabrics are 400-440°C lower than that of the uncoated fabric. Results also show that the fabric temperature is directly proportional to pixel time. It can be concluded that the Kevlar fabrics coated with silica aerogel provides better thermal protection under high temperature

Materials for a Prototype Human Habitable Bridge

A review is made of the general non-construction specifications for innovative as well as construction specification literature available for these materials. This innovation and utilization of advanced composite materials (ACM’s), in the architectural and construction industry, allows for shapes and forms never before available. These ACM's were originally (1930’s and 40’s) known as fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) and glass reinforced polymers (GRP) 1 . Their evolution into ACM's (1960’s) has not yet gained total acceptance in the architecture and construction industry, although many forms of these materials are heavily used in the automotive, aerospace and sports industry. To begin we will look at how these material fibers are made, bonded together with various types of matrices and their structural characteristics for construction. Through new research, ACM's durability, light weight and strength has created a new interest for architects and engineers. We will look at the “Thermo-plastic” and “Thermo-set” processes as well as the newly developed 3-D weaving process, allowing for the weaving of structural shape sections for use in construction. An analysis of these components and their characteristics will illustrate their future potential for architects and engineers as a viable material for use as both a structural member and as an applied veneer for the exterior of a structure. And finally, we will address what the future might look like with these new materials. 1. Engineers Guide to Composite Materials, 198

Interior Materiality

The knowledge of materials and finishes is the bridge that links conceptual design to real-world application. It is among the core content of virtually all interior architecture/design curricula, moreover, access to up-to-date information on emerging technologies and trends is a key exigency for the contemporary designer. Accordingly, this book is authored to form a comprehensive resource for the “hows” and “whys” surrounding the functional and aesthetic contributions of a wide selection of materials and finishes used in multiple spatial design contexts. The knowledge base presented here is not only useful in shaping spatial experience, ensuring occupant well-being, and employing sustainable thinking but also beneficial in managing budget and schedule while enabling the delivery of top-quality work. The book investigates fundamental material properties, performance criteria, as well as sector-specific standards, regulations, and guidelines, with a special focus on concerns surrounding occupant health and safety as well as environmental impact and sustainability concerns. Furthermore, fabrication, installation, and maintenance issues were explored in detail. Various information collection and organization conventions are also discussed with regard to detailing, specification, estimation, and documentation of materials and finishes. The goals of the book can be listed as follows: ● Developing a vocabulary and knowledge base to comprehend and communicate concepts and paradigms associated with the history, classification, manufacturing, evaluation, fabrication, installation, and maintenance of materials and finishes. ● Identifying a broad range of materials and finishes, considering their aesthetic and performance properties, and understanding their utilization with regard to creative design intent, client expectations and requirements, user needs and experience, and incorporating life cycle implications. ● Providing a basis for achieving physical and psychological well-being for occupants, understanding the impact of changing social, cultural, economic, and ecological context, and eliminating negative environmental and social outcomes.https://newprairiepress.org/ebooks/1042/thumbnail.jp

Dynamic characterization of high performance materials for application to cultural heritage

Natural hazards, such as earthquakes, can compromise the integrity of the cultural heritage with potentially devastating effects. The reduction of the seismic vulnerability of the cultural heritage constitutes a question of maximum importance especially in countries where vast cultural heritage combines with a medium or high seismic risk, such as in Italy. From the second half of the last century, the scientific community edited a number of important documents and charts for the conservation, reinforcement and restoration of the cultural heritage. The aim is to mitigate the seismic vulnerability of the cultural heritage. This research focused on high performance materials for applications aimed to structural and seismic protection of cultural heritage, with a special focus on historical masonry structures. In particular, the final aim is to define a self-diagnosis strategy for fibres, yarns and ties in view of efficient, non-invasive and reversible interventions on cultural heritage buildings. In order to set up the scene, the present thesis starts by introducing the reader to the seismic protection of cultural heritage thorough an extensive review on high performance materials, strengthening techniques and systems, taking care to highlight real world applications and limitations of their use. The second step of this work concerns in the mechanical and rheological characterization of high performance material fibres. The materials investigated are essentially Kevlar® 29 (para-aramid), Carbon and Silicon Carbide. To reach this goal, an extensive experimental testing campaign was conducted on fibres and yarns in accordance with specific protocols. A further step was defining appropriate damage indices for different materials, with a special focus on Kevlar® 29. Within the same research programme, a novel testing machine was also designed in cooperation with the Laboratory of Electronic Measurements of the Politecnico di Torino. A prototype-testing machine for dynamic testing on high resistance fibres was built using recycled materials and components. A distinctive feature of this machine is that it can apply to the sample any kind of dynamic excitation (random, impulse, harmonic etc.). A second testing campaign concerned the durability of Kevlar® 29 fibres, which are known to be sensitive to long-term exposure to UV radiation. Accordingly, for this campaign, the samples were artificially damaged by using UV lamps. The analysis of the resonance profiles allowed for the extraction of parameters such as the elastic moduli, quality factors, and non-linear coefficient for a set of fibres. In particular, non-linearity parameters derived from the Krylov-Bogoliubov method demonstrated to be consistent with the damage affecting the fibres. The final chapter of the dissertation concerns a new concept for a tie endowed with self-diagnosis properties, which are obtained by integrating a low cost testing device into the tie model. The self-diagnosis properties system of existing structures has an important role in the preservation of the cultural heritage because the best therapy is preventive maintenance. Specifically, the para-aramid tie system proposed for the reinforcement of historic building constitutes a non-invasive, reversible and repeatable intervention, as required by the main guidelines on preservation of cultural heritage

Development of antimicrobial yarn by recycled cotton based yarns and chitosan staple fibers

[ES] El proyecto proporciona información de como reducir el impacto ambiental textil mediante el reciclaje de prendas y tejidos convencionales por procesos de reutilización de fibras recicladas de algodón. El desarrollo del nuevo producto reciclado es mejorado añadiendo diferentes concentraciones de fibra cortada de quitosan para que actúe con un efecto antimicrobiano y además con un carácter terapéutico para mejorar la salud del usuario. La parte experimental del proyecto muestra los pasos de elaboración de los prototipos del hilo reciclado antimicrobiano producidos con mezclas de fibras de algodón reciclado y quitosán, así como su análisis de parametría del hilo apto para ser tejido en cualquier maquina de tejeduría. Finalmente el proyecto ratifica la disminución de la contaminación ambiental por métodos convencionales de producción textil, eliminando procesos de tintura y acabado ya que utiliza fibras de recicladas de color.[EN] The project provides information on how to reduce the environmental impact of textiles through the recycling of conventional garments and fabrics through processes of reusing recycled cotton fibers. The development of the new recycled product is improved by adding different concentrations of chitosan staple fiber for an antimicrobial and therapeutic effect to improve the health of the user. The experimental part of the project shows the steps of the prototypes of the recycled antimicrobial yarn produced with mixtures of fibers of recycled cotton and chitosan, as well as its parametrics analysis of the thread suitable to be woven in any weaving machine. Finally, the project remarks the reduction of environmental pollution by conventional methods of textile production, and removes dyeing and finishing processes using recycled colored fibers.Uysal, S. (2019). Desarrollo de hilos antimicrobianos a base de algodón reciclado y fibras de quitosano. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/125271TFG