288 research outputs found

    Continuous Rationale Management

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    Continuous Software Engineering (CSE) is a software life cycle model open to frequent changes in requirements or technology. During CSE, software developers continuously make decisions on the requirements and design of the software or the development process. They establish essential decision knowledge, which they need to document and share so that it supports the evolution and changes of the software. The management of decision knowledge is called rationale management. Rationale management provides an opportunity to support the change process during CSE. However, rationale management is not well integrated into CSE. The overall goal of this dissertation is to provide workflows and tool support for continuous rationale management. The dissertation contributes an interview study with practitioners from the industry, which investigates rationale management problems, current practices, and features to support continuous rationale management beneficial for practitioners. Problems of rationale management in practice are threefold: First, documenting decision knowledge is intrusive in the development process and an additional effort. Second, the high amount of distributed decision knowledge documentation is difficult to access and use. Third, the documented knowledge can be of low quality, e.g., outdated, which impedes its use. The dissertation contributes a systematic mapping study on recommendation and classification approaches to treat the rationale management problems. The major contribution of this dissertation is a validated approach for continuous rationale management consisting of the ConRat life cycle model extension and the comprehensive ConDec tool support. To reduce intrusiveness and additional effort, ConRat integrates rationale management activities into existing workflows, such as requirements elicitation, development, and meetings. ConDec integrates into standard development tools instead of providing a separate tool. ConDec enables lightweight capturing and use of decision knowledge from various artifacts and reduces the developers' effort through automatic text classification, recommendation, and nudging mechanisms for rationale management. To enable access and use of distributed decision knowledge documentation, ConRat defines a knowledge model of decision knowledge and other artifacts. ConDec instantiates the model as a knowledge graph and offers interactive knowledge views with useful tailoring, e.g., transitive linking. To operationalize high quality, ConRat introduces the rationale backlog, the definition of done for knowledge documentation, and metrics for intra-rationale completeness and decision coverage of requirements and code. ConDec implements these agile concepts for rationale management and a knowledge dashboard. ConDec also supports consistent changes through change impact analysis. The dissertation shows the feasibility, effectiveness, and user acceptance of ConRat and ConDec in six case study projects in an industrial setting. Besides, it comprehensively analyses the rationale documentation created in the projects. The validation indicates that ConRat and ConDec benefit CSE projects. Based on the dissertation, continuous rationale management should become a standard part of CSE, like automated testing or continuous integration

    Recombination between heterologous human acrocentric chromosomes

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    The short arms of the human acrocentric chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22 (SAACs) share large homologous regions, including ribosomal DNA repeats and extended segmental duplications1,2. Although the resolution of these regions in the first complete assembly of a human genome—the Telomere-to-Telomere Consortium’s CHM13 assembly (T2T-CHM13)—provided a model of their homology3, it remained unclear whether these patterns were ancestral or maintained by ongoing recombination exchange. Here we show that acrocentric chromosomes contain pseudo-homologous regions (PHRs) indicative of recombination between non-homologous sequences. Utilizing an all-to-all comparison of the human pangenome from the Human Pangenome Reference Consortium4 (HPRC), we find that contigs from all of the SAACs form a community. A variation graph5 constructed from centromere-spanning acrocentric contigs indicates the presence of regions in which most contigs appear nearly identical between heterologous acrocentric chromosomes in T2T-CHM13. Except on chromosome 15, we observe faster decay of linkage disequilibrium in the pseudo-homologous regions than in the corresponding short and long arms, indicating higher rates of recombination6,7. The pseudo-homologous regions include sequences that have previously been shown to lie at the breakpoint of Robertsonian translocations8, and their arrangement is compatible with crossover in inverted duplications on chromosomes 13, 14 and 21. The ubiquity of signals of recombination between heterologous acrocentric chromosomes seen in the HPRC draft pangenome suggests that these shared sequences form the basis for recurrent Robertsonian translocations, providing sequence and population-based confirmation of hypotheses first developed from cytogenetic studies 50 years ago9.Our work depends on the HPRC draft human pangenome resource established in the accompanying Article4, and we thank the production and assembly groups for their efforts in establishing this resource. This work used the computational resources of the UTHSC Octopus cluster and NIH HPC Biowulf cluster. We acknowledge support in maintaining these systems that was critical to our analyses. The authors thank M. Miller for the development of a graphical synopsis of our study (Fig. 5); and R. Williams and N. Soranzo for support and guidance in the design and discussion of our work. This work was supported, in part, by National Institutes of Health/NIDA U01DA047638 (E.G.), National Institutes of Health/NIGMS R01GM123489 (E.G.), NSF PPoSS Award no. 2118709 (E.G. and C.F.), the Tennessee Governor’s Chairs programme (C.F. and E.G.), National Institutes of Health/NCI R01CA266339 (T.P., L.G.d.L. and J.L.G.), and the Intramural Research Program of the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (A.R., S.K. and A.M.P.). We acknowledge support from Human Technopole (A.G.), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy (S.B. and V.C.), and Stowers Institute for Medical Research (T.P., L.G.d.L., B.R. and J.L.G.).Peer Reviewed"Article signat per 13 autors/es: Andrea Guarracino, Silvia Buonaiuto, Leonardo Gomes de Lima, Tamara Potapova, Arang Rhie, Sergey Koren, Boris Rubinstein, Christian Fischer, Human Pangenome Reference Consortium, Jennifer L. Gerton, Adam M. Phillippy, Vincenza Colonna & Erik Garrison " Human Pangenome Reference Consortium: "Haley J. Abel, Lucinda L. Antonacci-Fulton, Mobin Asri, Gunjan Baid, Carl A. Baker, Anastasiya Belyaeva, Konstantinos Billis, Guillaume Bourque, Silvia Buonaiuto, Andrew Carroll, Mark J. P. Chaisson, Pi-Chuan Chang, Xian H. Chang, Haoyu Cheng, Justin Chu, Sarah Cody, Vincenza Colonna, Daniel E. Cook, Robert M. Cook-Deegan, Omar E. Cornejo, Mark Diekhans, Daniel Doerr, Peter Ebert, Jana Ebler, Evan E. Eichler, Jordan M. Eizenga, Susan Fairley, Olivier Fedrigo, Adam L. Felsenfeld, Xiaowen Feng, Christian Fischer, Paul Flicek, Giulio Formenti, Adam Frankish, Robert S. Fulton, Yan Gao, Shilpa Garg, Erik Garrison, Nanibaa’ A. Garrison, Carlos Garcia Giron, Richard E. Green, Cristian Groza, Andrea Guarracino, Leanne Haggerty, Ira Hall, William T. Harvey, Marina Haukness, David Haussler, Simon Heumos, Glenn Hickey, Kendra Hoekzema, Thibaut Hourlier, Kerstin Howe, Miten Jain, Erich D. Jarvis, Hanlee P. Ji, Eimear E. Kenny, Barbara A. Koenig, Alexey Kolesnikov, Jan O. Korbel, Jennifer Kordosky, Sergey Koren, HoJoon Lee, Alexandra P. Lewis, Heng Li, Wen-Wei Liao, Shuangjia Lu, Tsung-Yu Lu, Julian K. Lucas, Hugo MagalhĂŁes, Santiago Marco-Sola, Pierre Marijon, Charles Markello, Tobias Marschall, Fergal J. Martin, Ann McCartney, Jennifer McDaniel, Karen H. Miga, Matthew W. Mitchell, Jean Monlong, Jacquelyn Mountcastle, Katherine M. Munson, Moses Njagi Mwaniki, Maria Nattestad, Adam M. Novak, Sergey Nurk, Hugh E. Olsen, Nathan D. Olson, Benedict Paten, Trevor Pesout, Adam M. Phillippy, Alice B. Popejoy, David Porubsky, Pjotr Prins, Daniela Puiu, Mikko Rautiainen, Allison A. Regier, Arang Rhie, Samuel Sacco, Ashley D. Sanders, Valerie A. Schneider, Baergen I. Schultz, Kishwar Shafin, Jonas A. Sibbesen, Jouni SirĂ©n, Michael W. Smith, Heidi J. Sofia, Ahmad N. Abou Tayoun, Françoise Thibaud-Nissen, Chad Tomlinson, Francesca Floriana Tricomi, Flavia Villani, Mitchell R. Vollger, Justin Wagner, Brian Walenz, Ting Wang, Jonathan M. D. Wood, Aleksey V. Zimin & Justin M. Zook"Postprint (published version

    Addis Ababa’s sefer, iddir, and gebbi

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    This research is motivated by the scholarly calls for new concepts and analytic tools for documenting, analysing, and theorizing complex urban territories such as those of cities in Africa. With implicit comparative intent, it takes the case of Addis Ababa city and its old and typifying places—the sefer, to develop and test a new architectural transdisciplinary research methodology referred to as the trinocular. By way of this methodology, it unearths and introduces sefer, iddir, and gebbi of Addis Ababa as not only socio-spatial phenomena but concepts and vocabulary for a located and nuanced reading of the city itself. Sefer are introduced as flexible boundary conditions that are primarily cognized by their dwellers—results of indigenous and autochthonous foundation and continued processes of self-actualization by communities that construct them. Iddir is unearthed as a form of social capital embedded in sefer that appears in the structures of relations among residents. And the gebbi as an urban spatial typology that constitutes the sefer’s morphology—the last frontier of communality just prior domestic spaces which, in many cases, can be a single multi-functional room. These concepts and vocabulary, it is argued, in both practical and metaphoric sense, should be the starting point of new urban imaginaries for Addis Ababa. Urban planning and housing projections thus, should draw inspiration from these notions, elements, and phenomena. Furthermore, lessons learnt from the trinocular and the findings are presented as new avenues for architectural research in similar, less-known, and complex urban conditions as the sefer of Addis Ababa

    The Embodied Rhetoric of Cognitive Labour

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    This dissertation traces the roots of neoliberal selfhood to the rationalist ontology of modernity in the 1600s. The historical tension between materialism and immaterialism is expressed in the historicisation of work into Fordism and post-Fordism where embodied factory toil is apparently replaced by immaterial work, recalling Descartes’ mind-body split. If post-Fordist work addresses the Marxist critique of alienation in its emphasis on entrepreneurial inner selves, it does not explain the post-Fordist preoccupation to efficiently “Taylorise” the body through obsessive productivity. I argue that the factory prevails in the entrepreneur’s adoption of factory efficiency as a learnt behaviour from the Fordist era to enable perpetual self-fashioning, creating a productively pliant body to aid in self-discovery – an embodied rhetoric of cognitive labour. This follows the rationalist tenet of a rational mind ordering the causal body. Descartes and Marx converge as both the cogito and the commodity-form are retroactively rediscovered as essence. Both the cogito and the commodity-form are arrived at while the body is doubted, and the production process is mystified respectively. The entrepreneurial goal is the achievement of selfhood that is financially verifiable. Neoliberalism is capitalism’s version of humanism, allowing for self-actualisation, but rationalised by market forces. Rationalism, negating contingent, embodied contexts, remade reality in negative terms that is measurable. The fallible body, in the face of the mind, became a site of deficiency to be transcended, recalling Original Sin. This state of deficiency provided the scarcity paradigm that justified endless capitalist growth. In the scarcity paradigm, the neoliberal individual must overcome indebtedness – student loans, housing mortgages – to achieve a redemptive financialised oneness. However, indebtedness in anarchist societies did not carry guilt but was instrumental in creating lasting bonds, notes David Graeber. Debt as transgression has not only created entrepreneurship under punitive market forces, it corresponds to negative freedom – reinterpreted by Eva Illouz as negative relationships – the freedom from bonds. This also has consequences for the environment as ecomodernism views modernity unbonded from nature which needs technocratic reordering to solve climate change. My project examines the material consequences of the Cartesian cogito and a way out of growthism through care economies

    Feminist Futures of Work:Reimagining Labour in the Digital Economy

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    The future of work is at the centre of debates related to the emerging digital society. Concerns range from the inclusion, equity, and dignity of those at the far end of the value chain, who participate on and off platforms, often in the shadows, invisible to policymakers, designers, and consumers. Precarity and informality characterize this largely female workforce, across sectors ranging from artisanal work to salon services to ride hailing and construction. A feminist reimagining of the futures of work—what we term as “FemWork" —is the need of the day and should manifest in multiple and various forms, placing the worker at the core and drawing on her experiences, aspirations, and realities. This volume offers grounded insights from academic, activist, legal, development and design perspectives that can help us think through these inclusive futures and possibly create digital, social, and governance infrastructures of work that are fairer and more meaningful

    In the absence of God: case studies on the use and value of Nietzsche in avant-gardist thought 1905-1945

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    This thesis considers how Nietzsche was interpreted and misinterpreted by a range of artists and writers who were prominent in avant-garde circles in the first half of the twentieth century. Through a series of case studies, I address Nietzsche’s reception among a variety of avant-gardists, and the effect of his thought on their overall milieux and personal projects. I ask what were the conditions that made his philosophy so appealing and useful for these figures—even in cases of misuse/misinterpretation. With the prominence of fascism growing in Western Europe in these years, a further complication of cultural political context affected his reception and interpretation due to the appropriation of his philosophy by fascist thinkers, and I therefore also ask how this altered his use among avant-gardists of varying political affections. The principal avantgardists studied are, in sequence, Wassily Kandinsky, Hugo Ball, Richard Huelsenbeck, F.T Marinetti, Wyndham Lewis, Georges Bataille, and AndrĂ© Masson

    'Ane end of an auld song?': macro and micro perspectives on written Scots in correspondence during the union of parliaments debates

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    This thesis examines the relationship between political identity and variation from a diachronic perspective. Specifically, it explores the use of written Scots features in the personal correspondence of Scottish politicians active during the Union of the Parliaments debates. Written Scots by 1700 had steadily retreated from most text-types in the face of ongoing anglicisation, but simultaneously the Union debates sparked heated discussion around questions of nationality and Scotland's separate identity. I consider the extent to which the use of Scots features may have been influenced by such discourse, but also how they may have become indexical markers used to lay claim to these ideologies. Drawing from the frameworks of First, Second and Third Wave perspectives on variation, and combining quantitative, macro-social methods with micro-social analysis, broad socio-political factors are explored alongside plausible stylistic intentions in conditioning or influencing the linguistic behaviour of these writers. The first analysis examines variation in the corpus temporally, using the chronologically-organised clustering technique VNC - Variability-based Neighbor Clustering (Gries and Hilpert, 2008), to measure Scots features over time. The crucial years of the debates (1700-1707) are compared with correspondence either side, and the VNC analysis identifies heightened use of Scots falling within the key years of the debates. The following macro-social analysis explores the factors driving this variation quantitatively, using a number of different statistical models to examine the data from various perspectives. Probabilities of Scots are found to correlate with certain political factors, though in complex and multilayered ways that reflect the composite nature of the historical figures operating in the Scottish parliament. The third analysis focuses on the features of written Scots itself and how these pattern in aggregate and across the individual authors who comprise the corpus. Findings suggest the persistence of written Scots was not being driven by a singular feature or set of tokens, rather, authors varied widely in their range and proportion of different variants. Finally, the micro-analysis examines the intra-writer variation of four individuals representing different political interests, exploring their Scots use across various recipients. Close-up inspection of features within particular extracts and letters suggests the subtle social and stylistic functions Scots had acquired for these writers. Its occurrence was found to reflect but also constitute the macro-social patterns identified earlier. Taken together, results indicate the use of Scots features was both influenced by, and contributed to, the political and ideological loyalties these writers harboured. Moreover, they tentatively suggest a process of reinterpretation was underway, in which Scots features were becoming a resource that could be selectively employed for particular indexical and communicative purposes

    Family Behavior and Children’s Wellbeing: Statistical Modeling and Measurement Issues

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    In dieser Dissertation gehe ich auf verschiedene statistische Modellierungs- und Messprobleme ein, die eine kausale Interpretation der in der Literatur zu Familiensoziologie und sozialer Ungleichheit gefundenen ZusammenhĂ€ngen erschweren. Erstens legt die Lebensverlaufsforschung nahe, dass das Problem der Verzerrung durch Selektion in der Literatur ĂŒber die Abwesenheit von VĂ€tern komplexer sein könnte als angenommen. Durch die Korrektur von dynamischen Verzerrungen wird die SchĂ€tzung des kausalen Effektes der Abwesenheit des Vaters auf das Wohlergehen der Kinder reduziert. Zweitens wird angenommen, dass familiĂ€re InstabilitĂ€t in der Kindheit das Wohlbefinden der Kinder negativ beeinflusst. Allerdings könnten zeitabhĂ€ngige konfundierende Faktoren, die durch vergangene Episoden familiĂ€rer InstabilitĂ€t beeinflusst werden und sich auf die kĂŒnftige StabilitĂ€t der Familie auswirken, einen Teil der angenommenen negativen Auswirkungen erklĂ€ren. Ich zeige, dass eine dynamische Version der Selektionshypothese eine wesentliche Rolle bei der EntkrĂ€ftung der Hypothese der familiĂ€ren InstabilitĂ€t spielt. Drittens deuten die Forschungsergebnisse darauf hin, dass die soziale Stratifizierung bei den Sprachkenntnissen von Vorschulkindern durch Eingriffe in den Erziehungsstil von Eltern mit wenig Ressourcen erheblich verringert werden könnten. Mit Hilfe einer kausalen Mediationsanalyse zeige ich, dass die elterliche Erziehung nur etwa ein Drittel des Gesamteffekts des sozioökonomischen Status auf die frĂŒhen SprachfĂ€higkeiten mediieren. Viertens wird die Messung kognitiver FĂ€higkeiten durch verschiedene Merkmale standardisierter Beurteilungen erschwert. Diese Probleme haben wichtige Auswirkungen auf die Quantifizierung sozialer Ungleichheit bei unbeobachtbaren Variablen und auf die Forschung zu kausalen Effekten. Die Dissertation schließt mit einem PlĂ€doyer zur rigoroseren Anwendung von Methoden der kausalen Inferenz in Familiensoziologie und Forschung zu sozialer Ungleichheit.In this dissertation, I consider various statistical modeling and measurement issues that complicate the causal attributions made about those associations in the literature in family sociology and social inequality. First, life course informed research suggests that the problem of selection bias in the father absence literature may be more complex than currently thought. After adjusting for dynamic biases, estimates of father absence's effect on children's wellbeing are reduced. Second, family instability experienced during childhood is said to negatively affect children's wellbeing. However, time-dependent confounders affected by past episodes of family instability and affecting future family stability might explain away part of the negative impact. I show that a dynamic version of the selection hypothesis counters the family instability hypothesis, and the effects of cumulative family instability are small and not consistent with the family instability hypothesis. Third, research suggest that socioeconomic status gaps in language skills among preschoolers could be substantially reduced by intervening on the parenting styles, practices, and parental investments of low-resource parents. Employing interventional causal mediation analysis, however, I show parenting mediates around one third of the total effect of SES on early language skills. Fourth, the measurement of cognitive abilities is complicated by various features of standardized assessments. Those problems have important implications for the quantification of social inequality in unobservable variables and for causal inference research because test scores capture non-random noise. The dissertation concludes by making a plea for furthering causal inference thinking in family sociology, social inequality, social mobility, and family demography research

    LIPIcs, Volume 274, ESA 2023, Complete Volume

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    LIPIcs, Volume 274, ESA 2023, Complete Volum
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