Bias adjustment of infrared-based rainfall estimation using Passive Microwave satellite rainfall data

This study explores using Passive Microwave (PMW) rainfall estimation for spatial and temporal adjustment of Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Cloud Classification System(PERSIANN-CCS). The PERSIANN-CCS algorithm collects information from infrared images to estimate rainfall. PERSIANN-CCS is one of the algorithms used in the IntegratedMultisatellite Retrievals for GPM (Global Precipitation Mission) estimation for the time period PMW rainfall estimations are limited or not available. Continued improvement of PERSIANN-CCS will support Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for GPM for current as well as retrospective estimations of global precipitation. This study takes advantage of the high spatial and temporal resolution of GEO-based PERSIANN-CCS estimation and the more effective, but lower sample frequency, PMW estimation. The Probability Matching Method (PMM) was used to adjust the rainfall distribution of GEO-based PERSIANN-CCS toward that of PMW rainfall estimation. The results show that a significant improvement of global PERSIANN-CCS rainfall estimation is obtained

Satellite-based precipitation estimation using watershed segmentation and growing hierarchical self-organizing map

This paper outlines the development of a multi-satellite precipitation estimation methodology that draws on techniques from machine learning and morphology to produce high-resolution, short-duration rainfall estimates in an automated fashion. First, cloud systems are identified from geostationary infrared imagery using morphology based watershed segmentation algorithm. Second, a novel pattern recognition technique, growing hierarchical self-organizing map (GHSOM), is used to classify clouds into a number of clusters with hierarchical architecture. Finally, each cloud cluster is associated with co-registered passive microwave rainfall observations through a cumulative histogram matching approach. The network was initially trained using remotely sensed geostationary infrared satellite imagery and hourly ground-radar data in lieu of a dense constellation of polar-orbiting spacecraft such as the proposed global precipitation measurement (GPM) mission. Ground-radar and gauge rainfall measurements were used to evaluate this technique for both warm (June 2004) and cold seasons (December 2004-February 2005) at various temporal (daily and monthly) and spatial (0.04 and 0.25) scales. Significant improvements of estimation accuracy are found classifying the clouds into hierarchical sub-layers rather than a single layer. Furthermore, 2-year (2003-2004) satellite rainfall estimates generated by the current algorithm were compared with gauge-corrected Stage IV radar rainfall at various time scales over continental United States. This study demonstrates the usefulness of the watershed segmentation and the GHSOM in satellite-based rainfall estimations

Libatsama awam terhadap prosedur EIA terperinci berhubung projek petrokimia di Pengerang Johor

EIA (Environment Impact Assessment) ialah suatu kajian bagi mengenalpasti, meramal dan menghuraikan kebaikan serta keburukan sesuatu cadangan projek pembangunan. Libatsama awam dalam prosedur EIA Terperinci sewajarnya perlu lebih menyeluruh dan berkesan, ini bermaksud persetujuan majoriti daripada pihak awam berhubung sesuatu projek adalah sangat penting sebelum Laporan EIA Terperinci berkenaan diluluskan. Walau bagaimanapun, masih terdapat kurang penglibatasama awam terhadap prosedur EIA Terperinci yang dijalankan oleh JAS dan memberi kesan dalam perlaksanaannya. Oleh itu, objektif pertama kajian ialah, mengkaji permasalahan komuniti di Pengerang berhubung prosedur EIA Terperinci yang dijalankan oleh JAS. Objektif kedua ialah mengenalpasti pandangan JAS terhadap prosedur dan isu penyertaan orang awam berhubung EIA Terperinci. Objektif ketiga ialah menilai pandangan persatuan bukan kerajaan yang terlibat iaitu ahli FOMCA (Federation of Malaysian Consumers Associations) dan MNS (Malaysian Nature Society) berhubung sesi dialog dalam prosedur EIA Terperinci. Objektif keempat ialah membangunkan rangka kerja libatsama awam untuk projek pembangunan di Malaysia. Seramai 379 orang komuniti di Pengerang telah terpilih sebagai responden untuk menjawab borang soal selidik. Manakala seramai 70 orang responden ahli FOMCA dan 73 orang responden MNS terpilih untuk menjawab borang soal selidik. Dan borang temubual diedarkan kepada 10 orang pegawai JAS Putrajaya dan JAS Johor Bahru. Data kualitatif dianalisis menggunakan perisian QSR Nvivo11 manakala data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan kaedah SPSS. Hasil kajian membuktikan prosedur EIA Terperinci khusus diperingkat penglibatasama awam akan lebih berkesan sekiranya kelima-lima elemen diadaptasi melalui rangka kerja prosedur EIA Terperinci sedia ada. Lima elemen yang mendasari rangka kerja tersebut ialah penglibatan berkesan daripada pihak awam, komunikasi berkesan daripada pihak JAS, tindakan penguatkuasaan berkesan oleh JAS, kerjasama dan sokongan padu semua pihak dan pemantauan berkesan dalam tiga fasa projek EIA Terperinci. Rangka kerja ini membantu pihak JAS menyelesaikan segala permasalahan serta konflik pihak awam dan NGO yang terlibat dalam prosedur EIA Terperinci

An evaluation framework for stereo-based driver assistance

This is the post-print version of the Article - Copyright @ 2012 Springer VerlagThe accuracy of stereo algorithms or optical flow methods is commonly assessed by comparing the results against the Middlebury database. However, equivalent data for automotive or robotics applications rarely exist as they are difficult to obtain. As our main contribution, we introduce an evaluation framework tailored for stereo-based driver assistance able to deliver excellent performance measures while circumventing manual label effort. Within this framework one can combine several ways of ground-truthing, different comparison metrics, and use large image databases. Using our framework we show examples on several types of ground truthing techniques: implicit ground truthing (e.g. sequence recorded without a crash occurred), robotic vehicles with high precision sensors, and to a small extent, manual labeling. To show the effectiveness of our evaluation framework we compare three different stereo algorithms on pixel and object level. In more detail we evaluate an intermediate representation called the Stixel World. Besides evaluating the accuracy of the Stixels, we investigate the completeness (equivalent to the detection rate) of the StixelWorld vs. the number of phantom Stixels. Among many findings, using this framework enables us to reduce the number of phantom Stixels by a factor of three compared to the base parametrization. This base parametrization has already been optimized by test driving vehicles for distances exceeding 10000 km

Massive MIMO is a Reality -- What is Next? Five Promising Research Directions for Antenna Arrays

Massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) is no longer a "wild" or "promising" concept for future cellular networks - in 2018 it became a reality. Base stations (BSs) with 64 fully digital transceiver chains were commercially deployed in several countries, the key ingredients of Massive MIMO have made it into the 5G standard, the signal processing methods required to achieve unprecedented spectral efficiency have been developed, and the limitation due to pilot contamination has been resolved. Even the development of fully digital Massive MIMO arrays for mmWave frequencies - once viewed prohibitively complicated and costly - is well underway. In a few years, Massive MIMO with fully digital transceivers will be a mainstream feature at both sub-6 GHz and mmWave frequencies. In this paper, we explain how the first chapter of the Massive MIMO research saga has come to an end, while the story has just begun. The coming wide-scale deployment of BSs with massive antenna arrays opens the door to a brand new world where spatial processing capabilities are omnipresent. In addition to mobile broadband services, the antennas can be used for other communication applications, such as low-power machine-type or ultra-reliable communications, as well as non-communication applications such as radar, sensing and positioning. We outline five new Massive MIMO related research directions: Extremely large aperture arrays, Holographic Massive MIMO, Six-dimensional positioning, Large-scale MIMO radar, and Intelligent Massive MIMO.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Digital Signal Processin

Improving the indoor air quality (IAQ) through application of the air cleaning technologies for offices building simulated in environmental chamber

Indoor air quality (IAQ) is very important issue in residential and commercial buildings, because human spend almost 90% of their life indoor. IAQ problems effect on the health of the occupants, and lead to reduction of the efficiency and output in workplaces. The main objective of this study is to improving the (IAQ) and to reduce energy consumption in offices building, through experimental and simulation investigation. The method used in this study was by using environmental chamber to represent the real office. The results of the experimental were validated the simulation. The chamber was modified by installing two mechanical filters with low pressure drop; minimum efficiency reporting value rate 13 (MERV 13) and activated carbon filter (ACF) on the air handling unit. The IAQ parameters which include temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, air flow rate, pressure drop, CO2 concentration and particle matters PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentration for upstream and downstream were considered in this study. These variables were measured inside the chamber using IAQ devices and these data were used as an input data for simulation by using ANSYS 16.1 software. The simulation generated the air distribution via air velocity, temperature, CO2 concentration and the particle distribution in the room. The results from experiment showed good agreement for combining filters efficiency value from 86.20% to 84.60% and from 86% to 82.35% for PM 10 and PM 2.5 particle removal respectively during occupied period. The CO2 concentration decreased during the measurement period from 816 ppm to 700 ppm and the distribution was in the acceptable range compare with ASHRAE standard 55-2004 and Malaysian industry code of practice on IAQ. Also, the validation with simulation showed below 10% error ratio compare with experiment results. The significance of study is to balance between enhancing thermal comfort inside workplace and (IAQ) for occupants, leading to reduction of energy consumption