A comparison of forensic evidence recovery techniques for a windows mobile smart phone

<p>Acquisition, decoding and presentation of information from mobile devices is complex and challenging. Device memory is usually integrated into the device, making isolation prior to recovery difficult. In addition, manufacturers have adopted a variety of file systems and formats complicating decoding and presentation.</p> <p>A variety of tools and methods have been developed (both commercially and in the open source community) to assist mobile forensics investigators. However, it is unclear to what extent these tools can present a complete view of the information held on a mobile device, or the extent the results produced by different tools are consistent.</p> <p>This paper investigates what information held on a Windows Mobile smart phone can be recovered using several different approaches to acquisition and decoding. The paper demonstrates that no one technique recovers all information of potential forensic interest from a Windows Mobile device; and that in some cases the information recovered is conflicting.</p&gt

Languages for Bibliography Styles

International audienceBibTeX is the most commonly used bibliography processor in conjunction with LaTeX. To put bibliography styles into action, it uses a stack-based language written with postfixed notation. Recently, other approaches have been proposed: some use a script programming language for designing bibliography styles, e.g., Perl in Bibulus; some are based on converters to xml texts and use xslt for bibliography styles; a recent proposal---the biblatex package---consists of using LaTeX commands to control the layout of generated references, and more. We propose a comparative study of these approaches and show which programming styles are encouraged, from a point of view related to methodology. Finally, we explain how this study has influenced the design of MlBibTeX, our multilingual reimplementation of BibTeX

Conception d'un traducteur intelligent de RTF vers XML

Les fichiers de textes formatés (.doc ) produits par l'outil Microsoft Word sont omniprésents dans la très grande majorité des ordinateurs. Ils constituent des documents digitaux dont certains sont de nature publique et leurs propriétaires aimeraient bien les publier facilement sur l'Internet. Une solution consiste à traduire, par exemple, ces fichiers en des fichiers dans le format HTML. Ce mémoire présente un nouveau système informatique qui permet de convertir un fichier dans le format RTF, un format proche du format .doc mais universel et lisible par un humain, en un fichier dans un format XML. Dans ce mémoire, le format XML est considéré comme un format intermédiaire puisqu'un fichier dans ce format est à son tour utilisé pour générer un fichier dans un format cible comme HTML, JSP, TeX ou D2E. En plus de présenter l'architecture et des éléments de conception de ce système, ce mémoire porte une attention particulière sur des règles de traduction, des règles de simplification et des règles de préférence mises en oeuvre grâce à des techniques empruntées au domaine de la construction des compilateurs

Equity in Health Financing: Review of Health Care financing in Four organizations for economic cooperation development (OECD) countries, Canada, The republic of Korea, Mexico and the United Kingdom

Includes bibliographical references.Background: The World Health Assembly Resolution in 2005 urges Member States to introduce and/or strengthen universal coverage policy in order to offer financial risk protection (FRP) to households in order to avoid catastrophic health expenditures and impoverishment from seeking care. The other goal of universal coverage is to ensure equitable access to healthcare based on relative need, irrespective of ability to make health care payments, social status or geographical location. The two prepaid financing mechanisms that guarantee universal coverage are social health insurance and general tax revenue. Aim: To undertake a comparative analysis of selected OECD countries with universal coverage to derive lessons that could inform the development of universal coverage policy in low-to-middle income (LMICs) countries. Methods: Empirical evidence from the OECD was sourced through an extensive review of published literature from print and electronic sources. Selection sought to include a range of countries in different continents and health systems with a long history as universal systems. Most universal systems are in OECD countries. OECD countries were selected because of availability of quality and credible data. The data for the analysis is drawn from the OECD Health Data 2008 dataset. Kutzin's conceptual framework is the analytical tool for the critical analysis of evidence, including OECD data, to evaluate the functionality of each health system based on the concepts of equity, sustainability, efficiency and feasibility. Results: Findings from the analysis show that publicly funded (primarily tax-funded) systems have lower out-of-pocket expenditures and offer greater financial risk protection. Systems with a single risk pool and a single payer tend to be more administratively efficient than multiple pools and payers. Allocating health resources based on a needs-based allocation formula is more equitable than historical budgeting. Capitation provider payment promotes greater efficiency than fee-for-service. A purchaser-provider split can improve efficiency

Guidelines for performing a helmet-CAM respirable dust survey and conducting subsequent analysis with the Enhanced Video Analysis of Dust Exposures (EVADE) software

"This report describes the process of performing a Helmet-CAM Respirable Dust Survey and the Enhanced Video Analysis of Dust Exposures (EVADE) software program, Version 1.0, that is designed for analyzing dust exposure in the mining environment at surface mines through the simultaneous use of video and real-time dust concentration data. The Helmet-CAM procedure, developed by researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) for personal sampling of respirable dust, is a technique that uses a video camera worn by the worker to provide a visual record of the worker's activities concurrently with data collected by a real-time datalogging aerosol monitor also worn by the worker. The EVADE software program merges the video file and dust concentration data file, allowing the user to use a computer to view them at the same time to identify potential dust exposure sources. This report defines the input file types and provides instructions for installing and operating the EVADE software. A step-by-step procedure is included to aid the user in conducting an analysis for identifying respirable dust exposure sources." - NIOSHTIC-2NIOSHTIC no. 20044735201

Access barriers to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Zimbabwe: a case study of Chivhu Hospital

Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.Access to healthcare is one of the basic social goods which ensures that individuals lead healthy and long lives. There is an increased need towards ensuring access to health care for all, which has led to the question of how access is defined. Access in this study is defined as the degree of fit between the health care system and patients. It involves an interaction between the system and patients in a way which removes access barriers to care. A comprehensive framework was used to measure access in this study. The framework allows for a systematic approach to the concept of access and measures access in three dimensions namely affordability, availability and acceptability. Using this framework, the study looked into the factors affecting access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) by patients at Chivhu Hospital in Zimbabwe. Chivhu was chosen because it has a mixed population of urban and rural patients which represents the typical Zimbabwean population. A cross sectional study design was adopted for this study

Health systems factors that impact on access to maternal services for women with disabilities in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review

Includes bibliographical referencesMaternal mortality is an enormous global challenge that is most prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Its prevalence in the SSA region has been attributed to inadequate access to maternal services (MHS) amongst the poor and rural women. In an attempt to improve access to maternal services, women with disabilities (WWDs) have generally been neglected. Little is known about the health systems factors that facilitate or hinder access to MHS for WWDs. However, available studies for women in general in SSA, examining health systems determinants of access to MHS, utilise the silo approach thereby providing fragmented and ineffective solutions to maternal mortality. Globally, taking a comprehensive health systems approach to understand the full range and interconnectedness of health factors is now recognised as crucial in understanding and planning complex health problems such as access to MHS. This paper presents findings from a qualitative systematic review of empirical studies providing evidence on the health systems factors that impact on access to MHS for WWDs in SSA. This dissertation comprises three sections, namely Part A, Part B and Part C. Part A reviews the Protocol; it presents the background and the qualitative systematic review methodology that is utilised in this study. A systematic search of five data bases is outlined and inclusion and exclusion criteria set out to select the suitable tool. A data extraction tool is designed to summarise the studies in a common format and to facilitate synthesis and coherent presentation of data. Part B is the review of existing empirical literature on access to MHS for both women in general SSA and for WWDs globally. Theoretical frameworks of access to health care services and health systems frameworks are also presented in this section. Furthermore, Part B provides the background on why access to MHS for WWDs is important. This section explores how health systems approach can be adopted to reveal the factors that impact on access to MHS; it links the complex systems framework to the availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality framework. Part C is a complete systematic review journal manuscript. The background of the study and methodology are described. This section also includes the findings from the systematic review of original journal articles published in English from 2000 to 2014 that report empirical findings on health systems factors that impact on access to MHS WWDs in SSA