Tackling the barriers in open innovation practices in emerging markets ; An evidence-based framework from Turkey, Russia and India

Open innovation can be anticipated to be a part of new pattern for the innovation management as it includes controlling inbound, outbound and coupled movements among open innovation network. Furthermore, this approach highlights the role of usage a wide variety of external knowledge bases while handling this kind of activities brings out individual challenges especially when more actors are connected into innovation network. At some stage, challenges or barriers like negative attitude, lack of resources, fear of sharing confidential information and communication difficulties may arise among open innovation actors towards open innovation. Within the scope of possible trends around the economic cycle, companies have started to notice the benefits and opportunities of openness which is resulted from the nature of current globalized and technological based environment. Additionally, the literature around open innovation has covered well the benefits in both SMEs and large enterprises while bringing out different challenges which companies may face. However, negative topics around open innovation are highly unstudied while certain papers focus only on certain challenges like negative attitude and managerial prospects. This investigative paper examines different challenges which SMEs and large enterprises face both before and during the open innovation activities. Furthermore, the survey focuses on finding out possible ways to overcome these while also mapping the success rate between different collaborators in terms of innovation success. In the survey, the share of challenges faced are measured with eleven possible challenges which companies may have faced in their open innovation activities during the last five years. The results of research points out that regardless the size of the company or industry, companies tend to see value in innovation activities. However, based on 196 survey participants unique trend on fear of sharing confidential knowledge in every subgroup can be highlighted while it was the most commonly faced challenge both before and during the open innovation activities. Additionally, the role of negative attitude cannot be dismissed while it had increasing trend among the survey respondents. In order to overcome possible challenges and barriers of open innovation activities, three different frameworks were created. In overall, literature around this theme does not consist enough frameworks for coping with variety of open innovation challenges. From this point of view, academia linkage to variety of possible challenges faced needs to be strengthened. Furthermore, it is found that open innovation activities with customers are at the same time the most popular and successful choice while competitors possessed the least successful position among other external collaborators.Avoimen innovaation voidaan ennakoida tulevan osa uutta innovaatiohallinnan mallia, joka sisältää sisäänpäin, ulospäin ja yhteistyöhön suuntautuvien toimintojen ohjaamista avoimen innovaatioverkoston välillä. Lisäksi tässä lähestymistavassa korostetaan erilaisten ulkoisten tietoperustojen käytön merkitystä, kun taas tällaisten toimien käsittely tuo esiin haasteita erityisesti samalla, kun useammat toimijat ovat yhteydessä innovaatioverkostoon. Avoimeen innovointiin tähtäävien avointen innovointikumppaneiden keskuudessa voi jossain vaiheessa syntyä haasteita tai esteitä kuten kielteinen asenne, resurssien puute, luottamuksellisen tiedon jakamisen pelko ja kommunikointivaikeudet. Taloudellisen suhdanteen mahdollisten suuntausten puitteissa, yritykset ovat alkaneet havaita avoimuuden edut ja mahdollisuudet, joka johtuu nykyisen globalisoituneen ja teknologisen ympäristön luonteesta. Lisäksi avoimen innovoinnin kirjallisuus on kattanut hyvin sekä pk-yritysten että suurten yritysten hyödyt ja tuonut esiin erilaisia yksittäisiä haasteita, joita yritykset voivat kohdata. Avoimen innovaation ympärillä olevat negatiiviset aiheet ovat kuitenkin erittäin kartoittamattomia, kun taas tietyissä tutkimuspapereissa keskitytään vain yksittäisiin haasteisiin kuten negatiiviseen asenteeseen ja johtonäkymiin. Tässä tutkivassa paperissa tarkastellaan erilaisia haasteita, joita pk-yritykset ja suuret yritykset kohtaavat sekä ennen avointa innovaatiotoimintaa että sen aikana. Lisäksi kyselyssä keskitytään selvittämään mahdollisia keinoja selviytyä näistä haasteista ja kartoittaa eri yhteistyökumppaneiden välistä onnistumisastetta innovoinnin menestyksen kannalta. Kyselyssä haasteiden osuutta mitataan yhdellätoista mahdollisella haasteella, joita yritykset ovat saattaneet kohdata avoimessa innovaatiotoiminnassaan viimeisen viiden vuoden aikana. Tutkimustulokset tuovat esiin, että yrityksen koosta tai toimialasta riippumatta yritykset näkevät innovaatiotoiminnassa yleensä arvoa. Kuitenkin, tutkimuksen 196 osallistujan perusteella voidaan korostaa ainutlaatuinen trendi luottamuksellisen tiedon jakamisen pelosta jokaisessa alaryhmässä, sillä se oli yleisimmin kohdattu haaste sekä ennen avointa innovaatiotoimintaa että sen aikana. Tämän ohella, kielteisen asenteen roolia ei voida hylätä, sillä se oli kasvussa kyselyyn vastanneiden keskuudessa. Avoimen innovaatiotoiminnan mahdollisten haasteiden ja esteiden voittamiseksi luotiin kolme erilaista kehystä. Kaiken kaikkiaan tämän teeman ympärillä oleva kirjallisuus ei sisällä riittävästi kehyksiä erilaisten avoimen innovaatiohaasteiden ratkaisemiseen. Tästä näkökulmasta, akateemisen maailman yhteyksiä erilaisiin mahdollisiin haasteisiin on vahvistettava. Lisäksi todetaan, että avoin innovaatiotoiminta asiakkaiden kanssa on samalla suosituin ja menestyksekkäin valinta, kun taas kilpailijoilla on vähiten onnistunein asema muiden sidosryhmien keskuudessa

Abstracts on Radio Direction Finding (1899 - 1995)

The files on this record represent the various databases that originally composed the CD-ROM issue of "Abstracts on Radio Direction Finding" database, which is now part of the Dudley Knox Library's Abstracts and Selected Full Text Documents on Radio Direction Finding (1899 - 1995) Collection. (See Calhoun record https://calhoun.nps.edu/handle/10945/57364 for further information on this collection and the bibliography). Due to issues of technological obsolescence preventing current and future audiences from accessing the bibliography, DKL exported and converted into the three files on this record the various databases contained in the CD-ROM. The contents of these files are: 1) RDFA_CompleteBibliography_xls.zip [RDFA_CompleteBibliography.xls: Metadata for the complete bibliography, in Excel 97-2003 Workbook format; RDFA_Glossary.xls: Glossary of terms, in Excel 97-2003 Workbookformat; RDFA_Biographies.xls: Biographies of leading figures, in Excel 97-2003 Workbook format]; 2) RDFA_CompleteBibliography_csv.zip [RDFA_CompleteBibliography.TXT: Metadata for the complete bibliography, in CSV format; RDFA_Glossary.TXT: Glossary of terms, in CSV format; RDFA_Biographies.TXT: Biographies of leading figures, in CSV format]; 3) RDFA_CompleteBibliography.pdf: A human readable display of the bibliographic data, as a means of double-checking any possible deviations due to conversion

On the Cryptanalysis of Public-Key Cryptography

Nowadays, the most popular public-key cryptosystems are based on either the integer factorization or the discrete logarithm problem. The feasibility of solving these mathematical problems in practice is studied and techniques are presented to speed-up the underlying arithmetic on parallel architectures. The fastest known approach to solve the discrete logarithm problem in groups of elliptic curves over finite fields is the Pollard rho method. The negation map can be used to speed up this calculation by a factor √2. It is well known that the random walks used by Pollard rho when combined with the negation map get trapped in fruitless cycles. We show that previously published approaches to deal with this problem are plagued by recurring cycles, and we propose effective alternative countermeasures. Furthermore, fast modular arithmetic is introduced which can take advantage of prime moduli of a special form using efficient "sloppy reduction." The effectiveness of these techniques is demonstrated by solving a 112-bit elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem using a cluster of PlayStation 3 game consoles: breaking a public-key standard and setting a new world record. The elliptic curve method (ECM) for integer factorization is the asymptotically fastest method to find relatively small factors of large integers. From a cryptanalytic point of view the performance of ECM gives information about secure parameter choices of some cryptographic protocols. We optimize ECM by proposing carry-free arithmetic modulo Mersenne numbers (numbers of the form 2M – 1) especially suitable for parallel architectures. Our implementation of these techniques on a cluster of PlayStation 3 game consoles set a new record by finding a 241-bit prime factor of 21181 – 1. A normal form for elliptic curves introduced by Edwards results in the fastest elliptic curve arithmetic in practice. Techniques to reduce the temporary storage and enhance the performance even further in the setting of ECM are presented. Our results enable one to run ECM efficiently on resource-constrained platforms such as graphics processing units

Contributions to road safety: from abstractions and control theory to real solutions, discussion and evaluation

This manuscript aims to describe my career in the transportation domain, putting in evidence my contributions in different levels, as for example thesis advising, teaching, research animation and coordination, projects construction and participation in expert committees, among others, besides my scientific research itself. The goal, besides the HDR diploma itself, is to show very clearly, including to myself, this 'pack' of contributions in order to look for better contributions to the transportation and control communities or to other communities in the future, and also which research directions I will define to work on in the following. I obtained my PhD degree in the Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes - L2S 1 in collaboration with MIT, in 2001, having worked in a purely theoretical automatic control topic scarcely known in the literature - the adaptive control of systems with nonlinear parameterization problem. Arriving in 2002 as a permanent researcher to the former LCPC (Laboratoire Central des Ponts et haussées), now called IFSTTAR (Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux), I have been faced to real problems to solve in practice, and faced to the new community of transportation, with a completely different philosophy of work. I have nowadays this double vision - of the very applied transportation domain with concrete problems to be solved that touch the citizen every day, and the vision of a very rich high-level theoretical research in automatic control with powerful tools to solve the real problems, or on the other hand, with control problems that appear because of the need for new tools to solve the real problems. I consider this as an important characteristic for my future contributions. Besides the knowledge in Transportation itself, my eleven years of career in IFSTTAR gave me as well the following new features : 1. From the individual research, I have learned also how to coordinate work (in projects for example, as in the PReVAL sub-project of the European PReVENT project, in which I co-leaded one workpackage, or for research teams, as the control team of LIVIC, coordinated by myself from 2006 to 2009). I have also learned how to animate research (by coordinating research working groups or organizing scientific events and workshops - see for example the working group RSEI and the related scientific event below that I have organized in June 2012) and how to advise students. 2. Besides the double vision I have described above, the experience gave me also the acquisition of a quite multidisciplinary view of the problems in the domain. Firstly, arriving in LIVIC, in the frame of the French consortium ARCOS, I have worked for two years in close cooperation with experts in cognitive sciences (the PsyCoTech group from IRCCyN, Nantes) on designing driving assistance systems to a human driver. After this work, I have continued the collaboration with experts in human sciences within the PReVAL subproject of PReVENT on driving assistance systems evaluation and within the French ANR PARTAGE project, that I have constructed together with the PsyCoTec team of IRCCyN and leaded the IFSTTAR partner for one year. In a dition, through my participation in PReVENT at dirent levels (in two meetings of the Core Group, in PReVAL by co-leading the workpackage 3 on Technical Evaluation of ADAS - ADAS is the shortcut for Advanced Driving Assistance Systems - and in the SAFELANE subproject), I have learned many different aspects of ITS systems. I consider this as an add-on value for my 'pack of knowledge'. 3. What I call "from abstractions to real problems : coming back and forth to solve these real problems" has been matured in my mind, and I am very grateful to my students, with whom I have learned and that helped me in this maturing process. By this sentence, I mean, with a problem to solve in hands, and after building an abstraction, or a simplified view of the problem, and the design of a solution, how to apply it, and to come back again to the theory to change it and to come back to the practice, and so on. This is exactly one of the pillars of the NoE HYCON2, for making interact the theory with the application domains. 4. Considering a problem inserted into the societal context, or inserted within its related context, has been another maturing for myself that I consider very important, notably in the transportation domain, that represents a very complex context containing many different parameters, scenarios and objectives and in addition all the uncertainties linked to the human behavior. I think that it is very important to have a very large view of the context in which the specific problem we are treating is placed. Without this, one cannot say in most of the cases, from my point of view, that the problem is solved. This point will be discussed in Chapter 9.5. 5. Another point that I consider important and where I have been contributing recently is the road mapping work. The acquisition of the multidisciplinary knowledge and a larger view of the domain that I have mentioned in the preceding items, together with my theoretical knowledge in automatic control, allowed myself to start contributing to theroad mapping work in Transportation (through my participation in the imobility forum, in HYCON2 and the in the support action T-Area-SoS on Systems of Systems - all these actions to give advice to the European Commission on the priority areas to be considered in the new Calls, notably in the frame of the H2020 program). I had also the pleasure of opening again books and thesis that I had studied in my PhD work, this time now for advising students in the frame of other very different problems. The very beautiful thesis of Mikael Johansson, Lund University, on piecewise linear systems stability theory is an example. My previous study on switched systems, and the implication of switched Lyapunov functions on stability helped me also in advising my students (Post-Docs, PhD, and M.Sc. students), this time for real applications, with very interesting results blooming up from their work. I realize also that the experience that I have described in the five items above must be put in favor of students since this kind of knowledge cannot be found in the books. Concluding, in these last eleven years, from 2002 to 2013, I could bring to the scientic community and to my students a set of contributions of different kinds. I will try to make clear these contributions for the reader in the next two chapters (written in English and in French). This document is organized in the following way : Part II contains my complete curriculum vitae (in french) where all these contributions will be described in detail. Part III contains then the scientific contributions of the manuscript. What I aim in this chapter is to describe, but further, to analyze them with a distanced look and providing a critical view, announcing perspectives, and placing and discussing the obtained results in the societal context. This is in straight relation with item 4 above. Also, I prefer to adopt, as far as possible, a form comprehensible to the non-automatic control expert, with, as far as possible as well, qualitative explanations and then appropriated references containing the theorems and the definitions corresponding to the qualitative explanations will be provided. In the case it is necessary, they are provided within the text. The Part III is structured in the following chapters. Chapter 8 contains an overview of the global transportation scenario with the associated challenges and a description of the driving assistance systems context. Chapter 9 contains my scientific contributions. These include my research results, my contributions in students advising, in the coordination of research groups, and the collaborative works. It is structured in 3 sections : Section 9.1 introduces what will be the greed for a part of the main contributions, that are described in Sections 9.2 and 9.3. Section 9.1 is also dedicated to showing to the reader how theory and abstractions can be very important for solving real problems. Chapter 9.4 describes other contributions that are the result of collaborative works. A discussion from a multidisciplinary view is provided in Chapter 9.5 based on a survey paper of myself. Chapter 10 will be finally dedicated to the perspectives and the general conclusions. Then last Part contains as annexes a selection of the publications that I consider the most illustrative of my contributions described in Chapter 9. Finally, since the described work is in the intersection of two communities - the transportation and the control theory communities - I decided to write a part of the document dedicated to the non control experts readers. This is Part VI of the document whose aim is to provide some fundamental notions on control theory in a very simple qualitative description whose understanding will help the different readers to understand the contributions

Energy: A special bibliography with indexes, April 1974

This literature survey of special energy and energy related documents lists 1708 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between January 1, 1968, and December 31, 1973. Citations from International Aerospace Abstracts (IAA) and Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports (STAR) are grouped according to the following subject categories: energy systems; solar energy; primary energy sources; secondary energy sources; energy conversion; energy transport, transmission, and distribution; and energy storage. The index section includes the subject, personal author, corporate source, contract, report, and accession indexes

Harvey Mudd College : The First Twenty Years

Joseph Platt, the author, was the founding president of Harvey Mudd College and a senior professor of physics.https://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_facbooks/1001/thumbnail.jp

Reconciling patient safety and liability : lessons from a just culture

Patient safety is a serious global public health issue. Approximately 1 in 10 hospitalised patients are harmed by medical mistakes. Most of these adverse events are preventable. Medical error causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Unsafe care is not only responsible for immeasurable suffering, but also substantial added (and unnecessary) financial expenditure. Developing countries that can ill-afford these additional costs, likely face an even greater burden of harm. As South Africa transitions toward Universal Health Coverage, access to safe care will become all the more important. Lamentably, the poor performance of the public health system has compromised the care many patients receive. Increased instances of substandard care have probably also contributed to the recent proliferation of malpractice claims. The malpractice system has traditionally been the point at which the law and medical errors converge. This confluence and the recent regulatory and policy developments are examined to assess whether it is possible to reconcile patient safety and liability. By adopting a systems approach to error (as employed in other high-risk industries), inclusive of a safety/just culture, the healthcare and malpractice systems can be better aligned to foster prospective collective accountability. This approach, in turn, would not only create an environment conducive to safer care but could also allow for the application of processes rooted in restorative justice theory, that might assist in the healing of harm.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2017.Public LawLLDUnrestricte

Medical-Data-Models.org:A collection of freely available forms (September 2016)

MDM-Portal (Medical Data-Models) is a meta-data repository for creating, analysing, sharing and reusing medical forms, developed by the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Muenster in Germany. Electronic forms for documentation of patient data are an integral part within the workflow of physicians. A huge amount of data is collected either through routine documentation forms (EHRs) for electronic health records or as case report forms (CRFs) for clinical trials. This raises major scientific challenges for health care, since different health information systems are not necessarily compatible with each other and thus information exchange of structured data is hampered. Software vendors provide a variety of individual documentation forms according to their standard contracts, which function as isolated applications. Furthermore, free availability of those forms is rarely the case. Currently less than 5 % of medical forms are freely accessible. Based on this lack of transparency harmonization of data models in health care is extremely cumbersome, thus work and know-how of completed clinical trials and routine documentation in hospitals are hard to be re-used. The MDM-Portal serves as an infrastructure for academic (non-commercial) medical research to contribute a solution to this problem. It already contains more than 4,000 system-independent forms (CDISC ODM Format, www.cdisc.org, Operational Data Model) with more than 380,000 dataelements. This enables researchers to view, discuss, download and export forms in most common technical formats such as PDF, CSV, Excel, SQL, SPSS, R, etc. A growing user community will lead to a growing database of medical forms. In this matter, we would like to encourage all medical researchers to register and add forms and discuss existing forms