UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PENERIMAAN KONSEP PENDEWASAAN USIA PERKAWINAN MELALUI PEMBENTUKAN PUSAT INFORMASI KESEHATAN REMAJA DAN PENERAPAN MEDIA ULAR TANGGA

Abstrak: Kejadian stunting di Indonesia masih tinggi, dengan faktor risiko kehamilan usia muda. Sehingga diperlukan akses informasi yang relevan pada remaja tentang PendewasaanUsia Perkawinan (PUP). Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Remaja (PIK-R) dan media ular tanggamerupakan wadah dan media bagiremaja terkait penyampaian pesanPUP. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat membentuk kelompok PIK-R dan menerapkan media ular tangga untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan kemampuan kelompok PIK R tentang PUP di SMP N 14 Kecamatan Singaran Pati Kota Bengkulu dengan mitra berjumlah 46 orang terdiri dari kelompok PIK R, Remaja siswa SMP guru sekolah, PLKB Kecamatan SIngaran Pati, Puskesmas Lingkar Timur. Metode kegiatan berupa pembentukan kelompok PIK R dan pelatihan PUP dengan tahapan yang terdiri dari persiapan pelaksanaan, evaluasi dan rencana tindak lanjut. Pasca kegiatanterdapat peningkatan pengetahuan kelompok PIK R dari rerata skor 8 menjadi 17, dan skor sikap dari 30 menjadi 52. Sebanyak 90% kelompok PIK R mampu melakukan edukasi PUP melalui penerapan media permainan ular tangga. Kesimpulan pembentukan kelompok PIK R dan penerapan media ular tangga meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, kemampuan edukasi tentang PUP pada kelompok PIK R. Diperlukanpendampingan mitra untuk keberlangsungan kelompok PIK R.Abstract: The incidence of stunting in Indonesia is still high, with a risk factor for young pregnancy. So that access to relevant information is needed for adolescents about Maturity of Marriage Age (PUP). The Adolescent Health Information Center (PIK R) and the snakes and ladders media are platforms and media for youth regarding the delivery of PUP messages. The purpose of community service is to form the PIK R group and apply snakes and ladders media to increase the knowledge, attitudes and abilities of the PIK R group regarding PUP at SMP N 14, Singaran Pati District, Bengkulu City with school teacher partners, PLKB SIngaran Pati District, the Lingkar Timur Health Center. Methods of activity include preparation for implementation, evaluation and follow-up plans. The results showed an increase in the knowledge of the PIK R group from an average score of 8 to 17, and an attitude score from 30 to 52. The PIK R group was able to conduct PUP education through the application of the snakes and ladders media game. The conclusion is that the formation of the PIK R group and the application of snakes and ladders media increases knowledge, attitudes, educational abilities about PUP in the PIK R group. Partner assistance is needed for the sustainability of the PIK R group.

Dramatic Dietary Shift Maintains Sequestered Toxins in Chemically Defended Snakes

Unlike other snakes, most species of Rhabdophis possess glands in their dorsal skin, sometimes limited to the neck, known as nucho-dorsal and nuchal glands, respectively. Those glands contain powerful cardiotonic steroids known as bufadienolides, which can be deployed as a defense against predators. Bufadienolides otherwise occur only in toads (Bufonidae) and some fireflies (Lampyrinae), which are known or believed to synthesize the toxins. The ancestral diet of Rhabdophis consists of anuran amphibians, and we have shown previously that the bufadienolide toxins of frog-eating species are sequestered from toads consumed as prey. However, one derived clade, the Rhabdophis nuchalis Group, has shifted its primary diet from frogs to earthworms. Here we confirm that the worm-eating snakes possess bufadienolides in their nucho-dorsal glands, although the worms themselves lack such toxins. In addition, we show that the bufadienolides of R. nuchalis Group species are obtained primarily from fireflies. Although few snakes feed on insects, we document through feeding experiments, chemosensory preference tests, and gut contents that lampyrine firefly larvae are regularly consumed by these snakes. Furthermore, members of the R. nuchalis Group contain compounds that resemble the distinctive bufadienolides of fireflies, but not those of toads, in stereochemistry, glycosylation, acetylation, and molecular weight. Thus, the evolutionary shift in primary prey among members of the R. nuchalis Group has been accompanied by a dramatic shift in the source of the species’ sequestered defensive toxins

Feeding behavior of crayfish snakes (Regina) : allometry, ontogeny and adaptations to an extremely specialized diet

Dietary specialists are often predicted to have specialized and stereotyped behaviors that increase the efficiency of foraging on their preferred prey, but which limit their ability to feed on nonpreferred prey. Although there is support for various aspects of this prediction, a number of studies suggest that specialists should not be characterized in such a simplified way. The purpose of this study was to describe the prey selectivity, prey handling behavior, and chemosensory behavior of crayfish snakes (Regina, Colubridae), which are extreme dietary specialists, and determine the effects of prey type, feeding experience and ontogeny. Museum specimens and field captured snakes, together with published data, were used to determine the effect of predator and prey size on prey selectivity in each species of Regina. Snakes were videotaped feeding on different prey to determine the effects of prey type and size on prey handling behavior, its efficiency and stereotypy. Finally, snakes born in captivity were raised on different diets to determine the effect of prey availability and prey type on the ontogeny of chemosensory behavior. This study confirmed the dietary specializations of Regina grahamii, R. septemvittata and R. alleni, and found that R. rigida, like R. alleni, includes odonate larvae in their diet as juveniles. Snake size and prey availability determines prey selection by R. alleni and R. rigida. This study also demonstrated that the relationships between dietary and behavioral specialization can be complex and depend on the characteristics of both the predator and its prey. For example, behavioral specializations in prey handling behavior were correlated with prey type rather than degree of dietary specialization. Hard crayfish required complex prey handling techniques, while soft crayfish did not. In R. alleni and R. rigida, such specialization appears to have permitted dietary expansion rather than restriction. Also, experience improved both prey handling efficiency and stereotypy irrespective of prey type consumed. As predicted the chemosensory response of each Regina species was greatest toward species characteristic prey. However, prey availability and type influenced these responses. In particular, R. septemvittata increased its chemosensory response toward hard crayfish (nonpreferred prey) when not permitted to eat soft crayfish

Maximal induced paths and minimal percolating sets in hypercubes

For a graph $G$, the \emph{$r$-bootstrap percolation} process can be described as follows: Start with an initial set $A$ of "infected'' vertices. Infect any vertex with at least $r$ infected neighbours, and continue this process until no new vertices can be infected. $A$ is said to \emph{percolate in $G$} if eventually all the vertices of $G$ are infected. $A$ is a \emph{minimal percolating set} in $G$ if $A$ percolates in $G$ and no proper subset of $A$ percolates in $G$. An induced path, $P$, in a hypercube $Q_n$ is maximal if no induced path in $Q_n$ properly contains $P$. Induced paths in hypercubes are also called snakes. We study the relationship between maximal snakes and minimal percolating sets (under 2-bootstrap percolation) in hypercubes. In particular, we show that every maximal snake contains a minimal percolating set, and that every minimal percolating set is contained in a maximal snake

Oral History Interview: Larry Blackaby

This interview is one of a series titled the Veterans History Project. Larry Blackaby was a veteran in the Vietnam War. He discusses: detailed information about basic training; detailed information about his experiences serving in Vietnam; a brief section on snakes in Vietnam, including an anecdote; a story of how he almost died; his experiences as part of military intelligence; R & R (Rest and Relaxation); his family; and other topics as well.https://mds.marshall.edu/oral_history/1053/thumbnail.jp

Regina grahamii

Number of pages=40Geological SciencesIntegrative Biolog

Seminatrix, S. pygaea

Number of Pages: 5Integrative BiologyGeological Science

Crotalus ruber

Number of Pages: 17Integrative BiologyGeological Science

Eliciting a predatory response in the eastern corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus) using live and inanimate sensory stimuli: implications for managing invasive populations

North America's Eastern corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus) has been introduced to several islands throughout the Caribbean and Australasia where it poses a significant threat to native wildlife. Invasive snake control programs often involve trapping with live bait, a practice that, as well as being costly and labour intensive, raises welfare and ethical concerns. This study assessed corn snake response to live and inanimate sensory stimuli in an attempt to inform possible future trapping of the species and the development of alternative trap lures. We exposed nine individuals to sensory cues in the form of odour, visual, vibration and combined stimuli and measured the response (rate of tongue-flick [RTF]). RTF was significantly higher in odour and combined cues treatments, and there was no significant difference in RTF between live and inanimate cues during odour treatments. Our findings suggest chemical cues are of primary importance in initiating predation and that an inanimate odour stimulus, absent of simultaneous visual and vibratory cues, is a potential low-cost alternative trap lure for the control of invasive corn snake populations