A survey of communication protocols for internet of things and related challenges of fog and cloud computing integration

The fast increment in the number of IoT (Internet of Things) devices is accelerating the research on new solutions to make cloud services scalable. In this context, the novel concept of fog computing as well as the combined fog-to-cloud computing paradigm is becoming essential to decentralize the cloud, while bringing the services closer to the end-system. This article surveys e application layer communication protocols to fulfill the IoT communication requirements, and their potential for implementation in fog- and cloud-based IoT systems. To this end, the article first briefly presents potential protocol candidates, including request-reply and publish-subscribe protocols. After that, the article surveys these protocols based on their main characteristics, as well as the main performance issues, including latency, energy consumption, and network throughput. These findings are thereafter used to place the protocols in each segment of the system (IoT, fog, cloud), and thus opens up the discussion on their choice, interoperability, and wider system integration. The survey is expected to be useful to system architects and protocol designers when choosing the communication protocols in an integrated IoT-to-fog-to-cloud system architecture.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

InterCloud: Utility-Oriented Federation of Cloud Computing Environments for Scaling of Application Services

Cloud computing providers have setup several data centers at different geographical locations over the Internet in order to optimally serve needs of their customers around the world. However, existing systems do not support mechanisms and policies for dynamically coordinating load distribution among different Cloud-based data centers in order to determine optimal location for hosting application services to achieve reasonable QoS levels. Further, the Cloud computing providers are unable to predict geographic distribution of users consuming their services, hence the load coordination must happen automatically, and distribution of services must change in response to changes in the load. To counter this problem, we advocate creation of federated Cloud computing environment (InterCloud) that facilitates just-in-time, opportunistic, and scalable provisioning of application services, consistently achieving QoS targets under variable workload, resource and network conditions. The overall goal is to create a computing environment that supports dynamic expansion or contraction of capabilities (VMs, services, storage, and database) for handling sudden variations in service demands. This paper presents vision, challenges, and architectural elements of InterCloud for utility-oriented federation of Cloud computing environments. The proposed InterCloud environment supports scaling of applications across multiple vendor clouds. We have validated our approach by conducting a set of rigorous performance evaluation study using the CloudSim toolkit. The results demonstrate that federated Cloud computing model has immense potential as it offers significant performance gains as regards to response time and cost saving under dynamic workload scenarios.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, conference pape

DISCO: Distributed Multi-domain SDN Controllers

Modern multi-domain networks now span over datacenter networks, enterprise networks, customer sites and mobile entities. Such networks are critical and, thus, must be resilient, scalable and easily extensible. The emergence of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) protocols, which enables to decouple the data plane from the control plane and dynamically program the network, opens up new ways to architect such networks. In this paper, we propose DISCO, an open and extensible DIstributed SDN COntrol plane able to cope with the distributed and heterogeneous nature of modern overlay networks and wide area networks. DISCO controllers manage their own network domain and communicate with each others to provide end-to-end network services. This communication is based on a unique lightweight and highly manageable control channel used by agents to self-adaptively share aggregated network-wide information. We implemented DISCO on top of the Floodlight OpenFlow controller and the AMQP protocol. We demonstrated how DISCO's control plane dynamically adapts to heterogeneous network topologies while being resilient enough to survive to disruptions and attacks and providing classic functionalities such as end-point migration and network-wide traffic engineering. The experimentation results we present are organized around three use cases: inter-domain topology disruption, end-to-end priority service request and virtual machine migration

On the features of software defined networking for the qos provision in data networks

Introduction− The traditional networks mostly implement devices where the control plane is distributed and mixed with the data plane; this fact does not allow a fast evolution to-wards a process that contributes to improving the transport of services. Otherwise, Software Defined Networking is a set of transport services that optimize the use of resources as these have a centralized network structure.Objective− To determine the aspects that enable the soft-ware-defined networking to provide quality of service features in data networks.Methodology−This study is performed through network simulation over the same base network and under the same working conditions by carrying out measurements of the pack-et forwarding response time and management of the trans-ported bandwidth. This study includes the demonstration of the multimedia content transport over a network architecture defining priorities to the links.Results−The outcomes show how the Software Defined Networking achieves better management of data transmis-sion through the base network. In the same way, the previous outcomes are reinforced with those obtained in the quality of service test performed on the streaming of a multimedia flow.Conclusions−Due to the centralized control of Software Defined Networking, forwarding functions with the quality of service features are enabled in data networks based on layer-2 devices.Introducción− Las redes tradicionales implementan en su gran mayoría dispositivos donde el control es distribuido y mezclado con el plano de datos, aspecto que no permite una evolución rápida hacia un proceso que contribuya a mejorar el transporte de los servicios. Por el contrario, las Redes Definidas por Software son un conjunto de servicios de transporte que op-timizan la utilización de los recursos al poseer una estructura de red centralizada.Objetivo− Determinar los aspectos que hacen que las redes definidas por software puedan ofrecer características de calidad de servicio en redes de datos.Metodología−Este estudio se realiza mediante simulación, sobre una misma red base y bajo las mismas condiciones de trabajo, llevando a cabo medidas del tiempo de respuesta del envío de paquetes y gestión del ancho de banda transportado. El estudio también incluye una prueba mediante la transmisión de contenido multimedia a través de una arquitectura de red definiendo prioridades a los enlaces.Resultados−Los resultados muestran la forma en que las Redes Definidas por Software logran una mejor gestión del envío de datos a través de la red base. Del mismo modo, los resultados previos fueron respaldados con los obtenidos en la prueba de calidad de servicio para un flujo multimedia. Conclusiones−Las redes definidas por software debido a su control centralizado habilitan el encaminamiento y provisión de calidad del servicio en redes de datos basadas en dispositivos de capa-2

Sobre las características de las Redes Definidas por Software para la provisión de calidad del servicio en redes de datos

Introduction: The traditional networks mostly implement devices where the control plane is distributed and mixed with the data plane; this fact does not allow a fast evolution towards a process that contributes to improving the transport of services. Otherwise, Software Defined Networking is a set of transport services that optimize the use of resources as these have a centralized network structure. Objective: To determine the aspects that enable software-defined networking to provide quality of service features in data networks. Methodology: This study is performed through network simulation over the same base network and under the same working conditions by carrying out measurements of the packet forwarding response time and management of the transported bandwidth. This study includes the demonstration of the multimedia content transport over a network architecture defining priorities to the links. Results: The outcomes show how the Software Defined Networking achieves better management of data transmission through the base network. In the same way, the previous outcomes are reinforced with those obtained in the quality of service test performed on the streaming of a multimedia flow. Conclusions: Due to the centralized control of Software Defined Networking, forwarding functions with the quality of service features are enabled in data networks based on layer-2 devices.Introducción: Las redes tradicionales implementan en su gran mayoría dispositivos donde el control es distribuido y mezclado con el plano de datos, aspecto que no permite una evolución rápida hacia un proceso que contribuya a mejorar el transporte de los servicios. Por el contrario, las Redes Definidas por Software son un conjunto de servicios de transporte que optimizan la utilización de los recursos al poseer una estructura de red centralizada. Objetivo: Determinar los aspectos que hacen que las redes definidas por software puedan ofrecer características de calidad de servicio en redes de datos. Metodología: Este estudio se realiza mediante simulación, sobre una misma red base y bajo las mismas condiciones de trabajo, llevando a cabo medidas del tiempo de respuesta del envío de paquetes y gestión del ancho de banda transportado. El estudio también incluye una prueba mediante la transmisión de contenido multimedia a través de una arquitectura de red definiendo prioridades a los enlaces. Resultados: Los resultados muestran la forma en que las Redes Definidas por Software logran una mejor gestión del envío de datos a través de la red base. Del mismo modo, los resultados previos fueron respaldados con los obtenidos en la prueba de calidad de servicio para un flujo multimedia. Conclusiones: Las redes definidas por software debido a su control centralizado habilitan el encaminamiento y provisión de calidad del servicio en redes de datos basadas en dispositivos de capa-2