27 research outputs found
Consumer Preferences for Privacy Management Systems
This work presents insights into consumer preferences regarding Privacy Management Systems in the context of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The authors perform a Choice-Based Conjoint experiment with consumers (n = 589) to elicit preferences over four attributes and compute usage likelihoods for all product configurations. Results show that data sharing for marketing purposes and discounts are the most important attributes for consumers. Furthermore, consumers prefer digital access to privacy-related information, detailed rights management for data sharing and no data sharing for marketing purposes. Moreover, a cluster analysis reveals differing importance weights across clusters. The study concludes that incorporating consumer preferences into the design and development process of Privacy Management Systems could increase their use and effectiveness, ultimately strengthening consumersâ privacy rights and companiesâ legal compliance. The authors suggest researching legal, business, and consumer requirements more holistically to converge these perspectives to improve Privacy Management Systems adoptions
Support for enhanced GDPR accountability with the common semantic model for ROPA (CSMâROPA)
The creation and maintenance of Registers of Processing Activities (ROPA) are essential to meeting the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and thus to demonstrate compliance based on the GDPR concept of accountability. To establish
its effectiveness in meeting this obligation, we evaluate an ROPA semantic model, the Common Semantic ModelâROPA
(CSMâROPA). Semantic models and tools represent one solution to the compliance challenges faced by organisations: the
heterogeneity of relevant data sources, and the lack of tool interoperability and agreed common standards. By surveying
current practice and the literature we identify the requirements for GDPR accountability tools: digital exchange of data,
automated accountability verification and privacy-aware data governance. A case study was conducted to analyse the expressivity and effectiveness of CSMâROPA when used as an interoperable, machine-readable mediation layer to express the
concepts in a comprehensive regulator-provided accountability framework used for GDPR compliance. We demonstrate that
CSMâROPA can express 98% of ROPA accountability terms and fully express nine of the ten European regulators' ROPA
templates. We identify three terms for addition to CSMâROPA, and we identify areas where CSMâROPA relies on partial
matches that indicate model limitations. These improvements to CSMâROPA will provide comprehensive coverage of the
regulator-supplied model. We show that tools based on CSMâROPA can fully meet the requirements of compliance best
practice when compared with either manual accountability approaches or a leading privacy software solution
Semantic Systems. The Power of AI and Knowledge Graphs
This open access book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Semantic Systems, SEMANTiCS 2019, held in Karlsruhe, Germany, in September 2019. The 20 full papers and 8 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 88 submissions. They cover topics such as: web semantics and linked (open) data; machine learning and deep learning techniques; semantic information management and knowledge integration; terminology, thesaurus and ontology management; data mining and knowledge discovery; semantics in blockchain and distributed ledger technologies
An Ontology for Standardising Trustworthy AI
Worldwide, there are a multiplicity of parallel activities being undertaken in developing international standards, regulations and individual organisational policies related to AI and its trustworthiness characteristics. The current lack of mappings between these activities presents the danger of a highly fragmented global landscape emerging in AI trustworthiness. This could present society, government and industry with competing standards, regulations and organisational practices that will then serve to undermine rather than build trust in AI. This chapter presents a simple ontology that can be used for checking the consistency and overlap of concepts from different standards, regulations and policies. The concepts in this ontology are grounded in an overview of AI standardisation currently being undertaken in ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42 and identifies its project to define an AI management system standard (AIMS or ISO/IEC WD 42001) as the starting point for establishing conceptual mapping between different initiatives. We propose a minimal, high level ontology for the support of conceptual mapping between different documents and show in the first instance how this can help map out the overlaps and gaps between and among SC 42 standards currently under development
Linked Research on the Decentralised Web
This thesis is about research communication in the context of the Web. I analyse literature which reveals how researchers are making use of Web technologies for knowledge dissemination, as well as how individuals are disempowered by the centralisation of certain systems, such as academic publishing platforms and social media. I share my findings on the feasibility of a decentralised and interoperable information space where researchers can control their identifiers whilst fulfilling the core functions of scientific communication: registration, awareness, certification, and archiving.
The contemporary research communication paradigm operates under a diverse set of sociotechnical constraints, which influence how units of research information and personal data are created and exchanged. Economic forces and non-interoperable system designs mean that researcher identifiers and research contributions are largely shaped and controlled by third-party entities; participation requires the use of proprietary systems.
From a technical standpoint, this thesis takes a deep look at semantic structure of research artifacts, and how they can be stored, linked and shared in a way that is controlled by individual researchers, or delegated to trusted parties. Further, I find that the ecosystem was lacking a technical Web standard able to fulfill the awareness function of research communication. Thus, I contribute a new communication protocol, Linked Data Notifications (published as a W3C Recommendation) which enables decentralised notifications on the Web, and provide implementations pertinent to the academic publishing use case. So far we have seen decentralised notifications applied in research dissemination or collaboration scenarios, as well as for archival activities and scientific experiments.
Another core contribution of this work is a Web standards-based implementation of a clientside tool, dokieli, for decentralised article publishing, annotations and social interactions. dokieli can be used to fulfill the scholarly functions of registration, awareness, certification, and archiving, all in a decentralised manner, returning control of research contributions and discourse to individual researchers.
The overarching conclusion of the thesis is that Web technologies can be used to create a fully functioning ecosystem for research communication. Using the framework of Web architecture, and loosely coupling the four functions, an accessible and inclusive ecosystem can be realised whereby users are able to use and switch between interoperable applications without interfering with existing data.
Technical solutions alone do not suffice of course, so this thesis also takes into account the need for a change in the traditional mode of thinking amongst scholars, and presents the Linked Research initiative as an ongoing effort toward researcher autonomy in a social system, and universal access to human- and machine-readable information. Outcomes of this outreach work so far include an increase in the number of individuals self-hosting their research artifacts, workshops publishing accessible proceedings on the Web, in-the-wild experiments with open and public peer-review, and semantic graphs of contributions to conference proceedings and journals (the Linked Open Research Cloud).
Some of the future challenges include: addressing the social implications of decentralised Web publishing, as well as the design of ethically grounded interoperable mechanisms; cultivating privacy aware information spaces; personal or community-controlled on-demand archiving services; and further design of decentralised applications that are aware of the core functions of scientific communication
Towards Interoperable Research Infrastructures for Environmental and Earth Sciences
This open access book summarises the latest developments on data management in the EU H2020 ENVRIplus project, which brought together more than 20 environmental and Earth science research infrastructures into a single community. It provides readers with a systematic overview of the common challenges faced by research infrastructures and how a âreference model guidedâ engineering approach can be used to achieve greater interoperability among such infrastructures in the environmental and earth sciences. The 20 contributions in this book are structured in 5 parts on the design, development, deployment, operation and use of research infrastructures. Part one provides an overview of the state of the art of research infrastructure and relevant e-Infrastructure technologies, part two discusses the reference model guided engineering approach, the third part presents the software and tools developed for common data management challenges, the fourth part demonstrates the software via several use cases, and the last part discusses the sustainability and future directions