2,873 research outputs found
Dynamics of the vortex-particle complexes bound to the free surface of superfluid helium
We present an experimental and theoretical study of the 2D dynamics of
electrically charged nanoparticles trapped under a free surface of superfluid
helium in a static vertical electric field. We focus on the dynamics of
particles driven by the interaction with quantized vortices terminating at the
free surface. We identify two types of particle trajectories and the associated
vortex structures: vertical linear vortices pinned at the bottom of the
container and half-ring vortices travelling along the free surface of the
liquid
Superfluid toroidal currents in atomic condensates
The dynamics of toroidal condensates in the presence of condensate flow and
dipole perturbation have been investigated. The Bogoliubov spectrum of
condensate is calculated for an oblate torus using a discrete-variable
representation and a spectral method to high accuracy. The transition from
spheroidal to toroidal geometry of the trap displaces the energy levels into
narrow bands. The lowest-order acoustic modes are quantized with the dispersion
relation with . A condensate
with toroidal current splits the co-rotating and
counter-rotating pair by the amount: . Radial dipole excitations are the lowest energy dissipation modes.
For highly occupied condensates the nonlinearity creates an asymmetric mix of
dipole circulation and nonlinear shifts in the spectrum of excitations so that
the center of mass circulates around the axis of symmetry of the trap. We
outline an experimental method to study these excitations.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure
Are Electrons Oscillating Photons, Oscillating âVacuum," or Something Else? The 2015 Panel Discussion: An Unprecedented Engineering Opportunity: A Dynamical Linear Theory of Energy as Light and Matter
Platform: What physical attributes separate EM waves, of the enormous band of radio to visible to x-ray, from the high energy narrow band of gamma-ray? From radio to visible to x-ray, telescopes are designed based upon the optical imaging theory; which is an extension of the Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral. Do we understand the physical properties of gamma rays that defy us to manipulate them similarly? One demonstrated unique property of gamma rays is that they can be converted to elementary particles (electron and positron pair); or a particle-antiparticle pair can be converted into gamma rays. Thus, EM waves and elementary particles, being inter-convertible; we cannot expect to understand the deeper nature of light without succeeding to find structural inter-relationship between photons and particles. This topic is directly relevant to develop a deeper understanding of the nature of light; which will, in turn, help our engineers to invent better optical instruments
Azimuthally unidirectional transport of energy in magnetoelectric fields. Topological Lenz effect
Magnetic dipolar modes (MDMs) in a quasi 2D ferrite disk are microwave energy
eigenstate oscillations with topologically distinct structures of rotating
fields and unidirectional power flow circulations. At the first glance, this
might seem to violate the law of conservation of an angular momentum, since the
microwave structure with an embedded ferrite sample is mechanically fixed.
However, an angular momentum is seen to be conserved if topological properties
of electromagnetic fields in the entire microwave structure are taken into
account. In this paper we show that due to the topological action of the
azimuthally unidirectional transport of energy in a MDM resonance ferrite
sample there exists the opposite topological reaction on a metal screen placed
near this sample. We call this effect topological Lenz effect. The topological
Lenz law is applied to opposite topological charges, one in a ferrite sample
and another on a metal screen. The MDM originated near fields, the
magnetoelectric (ME) fields, induce helical surface electric currents and
effective charges on a metal. The fields formed by these currents and charges
will oppose their cause
Superfluidity of the BEC at finite temperature
We use the classical fields approximation to study a translational flow of
the condensate with respect to the thermal cloud in a weakly interacting Bose
gas. We study both, subcritical and supercritical relative velocity cases and
analyze in detail a state of stationary flow which is reached in the dynamics.
This state corresponds to the thermal equilibrium, which is characterized by
the relative velocity of the condensate and the thermal cloud. The
superfluidity manifests itself in the existence of many thermal equilibria
varying in (the value of this velocity) the relative velocity between the
condensate and the thermal cloud. We pay a particular attention to excitation
spectra in a phonon as well as in a particle regime. Finally, we introduce a
measure of the amount of the superfluid fraction in a weakly interacting Bose
gas, allowing for the precise distinction between the superfluid and the
condensed fractions in a single and consistent framework.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
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