Video Quality Assessment in Underwater Acoustic Networks

Fecha de Lectura de Tesis Doctoral: 23 de mayo de 2018.Las imágenes subacuáticas reciben una atención cada vez mayor por parte de la comunidad científica dado que las fotografías y los vídeos son herramientas de gran valor en el estudio del entorno oceánico que cubre el 90% de la biosfera de nuestro planeta. Sin embargo, las Redes de Sensores Submarinas deben enfrentarse al canal hostil que el agua de mar constituye. Las comunicaciones de medio rango son sólo posibles con modems acústicos de capacidades muy limitadas con tasas binarias de pico de unas decenas de kbps. En transmisión de vídeo, estas reducidas tasas binarias fuerzan una compresión elevada que produce niveles de distorsión mucho mayores que en otros entornos. Además, los usuarios de vídeo submarino son oceanógrafos u otros especialistas con una percepción de la calidad diferente a la de un grupo genérico de usuarios. Las peculiaridades descritas exigen un estudio dedicado de la evaluación de calidad de vídeo para redes submarinas. Esta tesis doctoral aborda el problema de la evaluación de calidad de vídeo y presenta contribuciones en las dos áreas principales de esta disciplina: evaluación subjetiva y evaluación objetiva. La referencia para la percepción de calidad en cualquier servicio es la opinión de los usuarios y, por tanto, un análisis de la calidad subjetiva es el primer paso en este trabajo. Se presentan el diseño experimental y los resultados de un test de acuerdo a métodos psicométricos estándares. Los participantes del test fueron científicos del océano y las secuencias de vídeo utilizadas fueron grabadas en campañas de exploración y procesadas para simular las condiciones de las comunicaciones submarinas. Los resultados experimentales muestran como los vídeos son útiles para tareas científicas incluso en condiciones de muy baja tasa binaria. Los métodos de evaluación de la calidad objetiva son algoritmos diseñados para calcular puntuaciones de calidad

EFFICIENT CAMERA SELECTION FOR MAXIMIZED TARGET COVERAGE IN UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC SENSOR NETWORKS

In Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UWASNs), cameras have recently been deployed for enhanced monitoring. However, their use has faced several obstacles. Since video capturing and processing consume significant amounts of camera battery power, they are kept in sleep mode and activated only when ultrasonic sensors detect a target. The present study proposes a camera relocation structure in UWASNs to maximize the coverage of detected targets with the least possible vertical camera movement. This approach determines the coverage of each acoustic sensor in advance by getting the most applicable cameras in terms of orientation and frustum of camera in 3-D that are covered by such sensors. Whenever a target is exposed, this information is then used and shared with other sensors that detected the same target. Compared to a flooding-based approach, experiment results indicate that this proposed solution can quickly capture the detected targets with the least camera movement

Factors that May Influence the Performance of Wireless Sensor Networks

International audienc

Smart Wireless Sensor Networks

The recent development of communication and sensor technology results in the growth of a new attractive and challenging area - wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A wireless sensor network which consists of a large number of sensor nodes is deployed in environmental fields to serve various applications. Facilitated with the ability of wireless communication and intelligent computation, these nodes become smart sensors which do not only perceive ambient physical parameters but also be able to process information, cooperate with each other and self-organize into the network. These new features assist the sensor nodes as well as the network to operate more efficiently in terms of both data acquisition and energy consumption. Special purposes of the applications require design and operation of WSNs different from conventional networks such as the internet. The network design must take into account of the objectives of specific applications. The nature of deployed environment must be considered. The limited of sensor nodes� resources such as memory, computational ability, communication bandwidth and energy source are the challenges in network design. A smart wireless sensor network must be able to deal with these constraints as well as to guarantee the connectivity, coverage, reliability and security of network's operation for a maximized lifetime. This book discusses various aspects of designing such smart wireless sensor networks. Main topics includes: design methodologies, network protocols and algorithms, quality of service management, coverage optimization, time synchronization and security techniques for sensor networks

Non-linear echo cancellation - a Bayesian approach

Echo cancellation literature is reviewed, then a Bayesian model is introduced and it is shown how how it can be used to model and fit nonlinear channels. An algorithm for cancellation of echo over a nonlinear channel is developed and tested. It is shown that this nonlinear algorithm converges for both linear and nonlinear channels and is superior to linear echo cancellation for canceling an echo through a nonlinear echo-path channel

Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Communication Networks for the Maritime Internet of Things: Key Technologies, Opportunities, and Challenges

With the rapid development of marine activities, there has been an increasing number of maritime mobile terminals, as well as a growing demand for high-speed and ultra-reliable maritime communications to keep them connected. Traditionally, the maritime Internet of Things (IoT) is enabled by maritime satellites. However, satellites are seriously restricted by their high latency and relatively low data rate. As an alternative, shore & island-based base stations (BSs) can be built to extend the coverage of terrestrial networks using fourth-generation (4G), fifth-generation (5G), and beyond 5G services. Unmanned aerial vehicles can also be exploited to serve as aerial maritime BSs. Despite of all these approaches, there are still open issues for an efficient maritime communication network (MCN). For example, due to the complicated electromagnetic propagation environment, the limited geometrically available BS sites, and rigorous service demands from mission-critical applications, conventional communication and networking theories and methods should be tailored for maritime scenarios. Towards this end, we provide a survey on the demand for maritime communications, the state-of-the-art MCNs, and key technologies for enhancing transmission efficiency, extending network coverage, and provisioning maritime-specific services. Future challenges in developing an environment-aware, service-driven, and integrated satellite-air-ground MCN to be smart enough to utilize external auxiliary information, e.g., sea state and atmosphere conditions, are also discussed