3,455 research outputs found

    Sociological explanations between micro and macro and the integration of qualitative and quantitative methods

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    Der Beitrag argumentiert fĂŒr eine Beendigung methodologischen Lagerdenkens und fĂŒr eine Integration qualitativer und quantitativer Methoden in der Sozialforschung. Zu diesem Zweck wird zuerst kurz der Diskussionsstand ĂŒber Methodenintegration referiert, wobei besonderes Gewicht auf den Begriff der 'Triangulation' gelegt wird, welcher oft als eine grundlegende Kategorie fĂŒr Strategien der Methodenkombination dient. Es zeigt sich, dass dieser Begriff zumindest dann, wenn er auf den Bereich der Integration qualitativer und quantitativer Methoden bezogen wird, kein einzelnes methodologisches Konzept, sondern eher eine Metapher mit einem breiten Bedeutungsfeld reprĂ€sentiert. Es werden drei verschiedene Bedeutungen dieser Metapher diskutiert: Triangulation als gegenseitige Validierung von Forschungsergebnissen, Triangulation als die Integration von verschiedenen Perspektiven auf denselben Untersuchungsgegenstand und Triangulation in seiner ursprĂŒnglichen trigonometrischen Bedeutung. Diese verschiedenen Verwendungsweisen des Triangulationsbegriffs werden mit empirischen Forschungsergebnissen kontrastiert, die aus Projekten der empirischen Lebenslaufforschung stammen, in denen qualitative und quantitative Paneluntersuchungen integriert wurden. Diese Beispiele machen deutlich, dass jede der drei Verwendungsweisen des Triangulationsbegriffs zwar einen beschrĂ€nkten Wert zur Darstellung und Beschreibung von Kombinationsmöglichkeiten fĂŒr qualitative und quantitative Forschungsmethoden besitzt, dass aber keines der verschiedenen Triangulationskonzepte als ein allgemeines methodologisches Modell fĂŒr die Integration qualitativer und quantitativer Verfahren brauchbar ist. Im Schlusskapitel des Beitrags wird die These vorgestellt und begrĂŒndet, dass das grundlegende Problem bisheriger methodologischer Diskussionen ĂŒber die Integration qualitativer und quantitativer Methoden darin besteht, dass hier epistemologische und methodologische Konzepte nicht genĂŒgend verknĂŒpft werden mit theoretischen Überlegungen ĂŒber die Natur der untersuchten sozialen Strukturen und sozialen Prozesse. Abschließend werden einige Möglichkeiten skizziert, um sowohl die dargestellten Beispiele aus der soziologischen und sozialpsychologischen Lebenslaufforschung als auch die referierten DiskussionsbeitrĂ€ge ĂŒber Triangulation in einen allgemeineren theoretischen Rahmen zu integrieren. Hierzu wird einerseits die Unterscheidung zwischen Mikro- und Makroebene soziologischer Beschreibung herangezogen und andererseits aktuelle Diskussionen ĂŒber Individualisierungsprozesse in sich modernisierenden Gesellschaften. Es lĂ€sst sich zeigen, dass der Triangulationsbegriff in seiner ursprĂŒnglichen trigonometrischen Bedeutung zwar nicht als alleinige Grundlage fĂŒr ein allgemeines Modell der Methodenintegration dienen kann, wohl aber sehr hilfreich sein mag, um eine vertiefte Einsicht in das VerhĂ€ltnis von Fragen der Methodenintegration zu theoretischen Grundlagenproblemen der Sozialwissenschaften zu gewinnen.Despite the ongoing 'war' between methodological camps this paper will argue for an integration of qualitative and quantitative methods in the sociological research process. For this purpose a short overview about important methodological discussions addressing basic questions of mixed (qualitative and quantitative) method designs will be given focusing on the term 'triangulation' which is seen by many authors as a central concept for method integration. However, this notion carries systematic ambiguities, at least when transferred to the integration of qualitative and quantitative methods-triangulation does not represent a single integrated methodological concept but a metaphor with a broad semantic field. Three different understandings of the triangulation metaphor will be discussed: Triangulation as mutual validation, triangulation as the integration of different perspectives on the investigated phenomenon and triangulation in its original trigonometrical meaning. These understandings of triangulation will be contrasted with examples from sociological life-course research projects which combined qualitative and quantitative panels in order to answer certain research questions. The examples clearly demonstrate that each of the three understandings may have a value by showing different possibilities for relating qualitative and quantitative results in one research project to each other. However, none of these three concepts may serve as a general methodological model for the integration of qualitative and quantitative methods. In the final section of the paper it will be argued that the most crucial problem of the methodological discussions surrounding mixed-method (qualitative and quantitative) designs is that epistemological and methodological concepts are not sufficiently linked to theoretical considerations about the nature of the investigated social structures and social processes. In its concluding section the paper will briefly outline some ways that the already-discussed examples from sociological life course research as well as the discussions about triangulation could be integrated into a more general theoretical framework. The focus of these considerations will lie on the distinction between the micro- and macro-level of sociological description and on current discussions about individualisation processes in modernising societies. Thereby it will be shown that an understanding of triangulation in its original trigonometrical sense (although it cannot be considered as a methodological model suitable for all aspects of method integration) may be helpful in gaining a deeper insight into theoretical aspects of method integration in sociology

    Qualitative and mixed methodology for online language teaching research

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    This paper provides an overview of CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning), its history and current developments. It presents a rationale for moving CALL research forward, and outlines a particular approach to researching online language teaching and learning: the use of qualitative methodology. It is in this historical context that a case for more qualitative and integrative research designs is made. Examples of qualitative and mixed method studies are taken from the context of language teaching at the Open University in the United Kingdom, the largest institution of its kind in Europe, with a remit of teaching all subjects at university level to adults, regardless of their prior qualifications. With the help of these examples the scope and promise of qualitative approaches are discussed

    The Potential of Qualitative Content Analysis for Empirical Educational Research

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    Researchers carrying out empirical studies in education are faced with complex and multifaceted phenomena that need to be investigated from different perspectives and with various methodological approaches. A suitable, often-applied method in empirical educational research is qualitative content analysis (QCA), developed by Philipp MAYRING (1983, 2015). This method can be used for inductive and deductive strategies of analysis, and is appropriate for combining qualitative and quantitative analyses, especially for research strategies based on mixed methods approaches (CRESWELL, 2015), which have for several years now been extensively discussed in empirical educational research (GLÄSER-ZIKUDA, SEIDEL, ROHLFS, GRÖSCHNER & ZIEGELBAUER, 2012; HAGENAUER & GLÄSER-ZIKUDA, 2019; MAYRING & GLÄSER-ZIKUDA, 2008). In this article, we discuss the potential of QCA for empirical educational research by giving insights into the basics of analysis and by providing research examples. We also briefly address the relevance of digitally supported analysis and describe specific software packages. Finally, we discuss the potential and challenges of applying QCA within mixed methods designs in the field of empirical educational research.Wissenschaftler_innen, die empirische Studien im Bildungsbereich durchfĂŒhren, stehen einem komplexen Forschungsfeld gegenĂŒber, das aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven sowie mit vielfĂ€ltigen methodischen ZugĂ€ngen zu bearbeiten ist. Eine speziell in der empirischen Bildungsforschung hĂ€ufig angewandte und geeignete Auswertungsmethode ist die von Philipp MAYRING (1983, 2015) entwickelte qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. Sie kann fĂŒr induktive und deduktive Analysestrategien verwendet werden. Insbesondere wird sie in Studien genutzt, die eine Kombination qualitativer und quantitativer Analysen speziell im Sinne von Mixed-Methods-AnsĂ€tzen (CRESWELL 2015) anstreben. Diese werden seit geraumer Zeit intensiv in der empirischen Bildungsforschung diskutiert (GLÄSER-ZIKUDA, SEIDEL, ROHLFS, GRÖSCHNER & ZIEGELBAUER 2012; HAGENAUER & GLÄSER-ZIKUDA 2019; MAYRING & GLÄSER-ZIKUDA 2008). In diesem Beitrag diskutieren wir die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse hinsichtlich ihres Potenzials fĂŒr die empirische Bildungsforschung, indem wir einen Überblick ĂŒber die Grundlagen der Methode geben und ausgewĂ€hlte Forschungsbeispiele vorstellen. Wir gehen dabei auch kurz auf die Möglichkeiten und die Bedeutung digital unterstĂŒtzter Datenanalyse ein und beschreiben ausgewĂ€hlte Software. Abschließend werden Chancen sowie Herausforderungen der Anwendung qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse mit Blick auf Mixed-Method-Designs in der empirischen Bildungsforschung diskutiert

    Combining Graphic Elicitation Methods and Narrative Family Interviews in a Qualitative Multimethod Design

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    Durch die Kombination verschiedener Methoden können Forschende die StĂ€rken der einzelnen Verfahren nutzen, um die EinschrĂ€nkungen der anderen auszugleichen bzw. ihr Forschungsthema umfassender zu untersuchen. In diesem Artikel gehe ich auf die StĂ€rken und SchwĂ€chen von Timelines und Genogrammen (visuelle Daten, grafische Erhebung) im Vergleich zu narrativen Familieninterviews (verbale Datenerhebung) ein. Ich erklĂ€re, warum wir diese Methoden in einem kollaborativen Forschungsprojekt miteinander integriert haben und erörtere, wie wir sie beim Sampling, der Datenerhebung und -analyse zum Zwecke des Vergleichs, der gegenseitigen Kompensation oder der KomplementaritĂ€t verwendet haben. Die methodologischen Argumente werden mit empirischen Beispielen aus einem Forschungsprojekt zum Statuserhalt in Mittelschichtsfamilien veranschaulicht, um zu zeigen, wie wir die drei Methoden zur Untersuchung komplementĂ€rer Perspektiven auf individuelle und miteinander verknĂŒpfte LebenslĂ€ufe sowie zur Analyse von biografischen LĂ€ngsschnittdaten und Drei-Generationen-Beziehungen eingesetzt haben. Indem ich unser qualitatives Design anhand von Konzepten aus dem Mixed-Methods- und Multimethod-Diskurs (MMMR) reflektiere, beabsichtige ich, neue methodologische Perspektiven fĂŒr qualitative und Mixed-Methods-Forschende aufzuzeigen. Des Weiteren möchte ich dazu beitragen, den MMMR-Diskurs im Hinblick auf noch unterreprĂ€sentierte, rekonstruktive oder interpretative AnsĂ€tze voranzubringen. Insgesamt reflektiere ich das erkenntnistheoretische Problem, wie Wissenschaftler*innen und Untersuchungspersonen den Forschungsgegenstand durch unterschiedliche Methoden (re)konstruieren.By combining different methods, researchers can use the strengths of each to compensate the constraints of others and to more comprehensively examine their research topic. In this article, I elaborate upon the strengths and weaknesses of timelines and genograms (visual data, graphic elicitation) in comparison to narrative family interviews (verbal data collection). I explain why we integrated these methods in a collaborative research project, and discuss how we used them for the purposes of comparison, mutual compensation, or complementarity during sampling, data collection, and analysis. The methodological arguments are illustrated with empirical examples from a research project on status maintenance in middle-class families to show how we used the three methods to explore complementary perspectives on individual and linked lives and to analyze longitudinal biographical data and three-generation relationships. My intention is to open up new methodological perspectives for qualitative as well as mixed method researchers by reflecting on our qualitative design using concepts from the mixed methods and multimethod research (MMMR) discourse. Furthermore, I would like to contribute to advancing the MMMR discourse in regard to still underrepresented reconstructive or interpretative approaches. My overall aim is to reflect upon the epistemological problem of how scientists and respondents (re)construct the object of research through different methods

    Linearity vs. Circularity? On Some Common Misconceptions on the Differences in the Research Process in Qualitative and Quantitative Research

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    Methodological discussions often oversimplify by distinguishing between “the” quantitative and “the” qualitative paradigm and by arguing that quantitative research processes are organized in a linear, deductive way while qualitative research processes are organized in a circular and inductive way. When comparing two selected quantitative traditions (survey research and big data research) with three qualitative research traditions (qualitative content analysis, grounded theory and social-science hermeneutics), a much more complex picture is revealed: The only differentiation that can be upheld is how “objectivity” and “intersubjectivity” are defined. In contrast, all research traditions agree that partiality is endangering intersubjectivity and objectivity. Countermeasures are self-reflexion and transforming partiality into perspectivity by using social theory. Each research tradition suggests further countermeasures such as falsification, triangulation, parallel coding, theoretical sensitivity or interpretation groups. When looking at the overall organization of the research process, the distinction between qualitative and quantitative research cannot be upheld. Neither is there a continuum between quantitative research, content analysis, grounded theory and social-science hermeneutics. Rather, grounded theory starts inductively and with a general research question at the beginning of analysis which is focused during selective coding. The later research process is organized in a circular way, making strong use of theoretical sampling. All other traditions start research deductively and formulate the research question as precisely as possible at the beginning of the analysis and then organize the overall research process in a linear way. In contrast, data analysis is organized in a circular way. One consequence of this paper is that mixing and combining qualitative and quantitative methods becomes both easier (because the distinction is not as grand as it seems at first sight) and more difficult (because some tricky issues of mixing specific to mixing specific types of methods are usually not addressed in mixed methods discourse).DFG, 414044773, Open Access Publizieren 2019 - 2020 / Technische UniversitĂ€t Berli

    Le Récit « Entrepreneurial » dans le Discours Organisationnel

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    Dans le cadre de la communication relative aux organisations, la narration entrepreneuriale est abordĂ©e comme un processus rĂ©ciproque d’«entrepreneuriarisation». L’analyse de deux Ă©tudes de cas relevant du secteur de l’industrie culturelle et crĂ©ative suisse permet de mettre en lumiĂšre la praxis, les pratiques ainsi que les praticiens de la narration entrepreneuriale dans le contexte du dĂ©veloppement de projets et d’organisations. La mise en rĂ©cit et la narration d’un processus de conception Ă  la fois conservateur, innovant, entrepreneurial, stratĂ©gique, collaboratif et fondĂ© sur la connaissance gĂ©nĂšrent des narrations entrepreneuriales, des conceptions, des rĂ©seaux et des discours spĂ©cifiques Ă  l’organisation. Cette interaction est proposĂ©e comme le socle de l’histoire entrepreneuriale et de la crĂ©ation de valeurs qui façonnent l’identitĂ© narrative des projets, des organisations et des entreprises. Dans les deux Ă©tudes de cas prĂ©sentĂ©es ici, ceci se traduit par un rĂ©cit relatif aux «curatorial ‘tooligans’ and busy brokers» et aux hĂ©ros-entrepreneurs en tant qu’«aventuriers victorieux et gardiens de la conservation». Pour terminer, nous prĂ©sentons quelques futures pistes de recherche dans le domaine Ă©mergeant de la narration entrepreneuriale. Compte tenu du dĂ©veloppement et du transfert de nouveaux outils et formats d’enseignement, du coaching et du conseil, les premiĂšres applications pour les professionnels sont prĂ©sentĂ©es. Based on an organizational communication perspective, entrepreneurial storytelling is reconstructed as a reciprocal process of “entrepreneurializing”. By focusing on two case studies from the Swiss cultural and creative industries sector, narrative praxes, practices and practitioners of entrepreneurial storytelling in project- and organizational development are outlined. Story-making and story-telling about a curatorial, innovative, entrepreneurial, strategic, collaborative and knowledge-driven design process generate entrepreneurial narration, design, networks and organization-specific discourse. This interplay is suggested as the basis for the entrepreneurial story and value creation that shape the narrative identity of projects, organizations and enterprises. In the case studies presented this is constituted through the project-narrative of “curating tooligans and busy brokers” and the entrepreneurial hero-narrative of “conquering adventurers and preserving guardians”. Implications are discussed to guide future comparable research for the emerging field of entrepreneurial storytelling. In view of the development and transfer of new tools and formats for teaching, coaching and consulting, first applications for professionals are argued

    Le Récit « Entrepreneurial » dans le Discours Organisationnel

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    Dans le cadre de la communication relative aux organisations, la narration entrepreneuriale est abordĂ©e comme un processus rĂ©ciproque d’«entrepreneuriarisation». L’analyse de deux Ă©tudes de cas relevant du secteur de l’industrie culturelle et crĂ©ative suisse permet de mettre en lumiĂšre la praxis, les pratiques ainsi que les praticiens de la narration entrepreneuriale dans le contexte du dĂ©veloppement de projets et d’organisations. La mise en rĂ©cit et la narration d’un processus de conception Ă  la fois conservateur, innovant, entrepreneurial, stratĂ©gique, collaboratif et fondĂ© sur la connaissance gĂ©nĂšrent des narrations entrepreneuriales, des conceptions, des rĂ©seaux et des discours spĂ©cifiques Ă  l’organisation. Cette interaction est proposĂ©e comme le socle de l’histoire entrepreneuriale et de la crĂ©ation de valeurs qui façonnent l’identitĂ© narrative des projets, des organisations et des entreprises. Dans les deux Ă©tudes de cas prĂ©sentĂ©es ici, ceci se traduit par un rĂ©cit relatif aux «curatorial ‘tooligans’ and busy brokers» et aux hĂ©ros-entrepreneurs en tant qu’«aventuriers victorieux et gardiens de la conservation». Pour terminer, nous prĂ©sentons quelques futures pistes de recherche dans le domaine Ă©mergeant de la narration entrepreneuriale. Compte tenu du dĂ©veloppement et du transfert de nouveaux outils et formats d’enseignement, du coaching et du conseil, les premiĂšres applications pour les professionnels sont prĂ©sentĂ©es. Based on an organizational communication perspective, entrepreneurial storytelling is reconstructed as a reciprocal process of “entrepreneurializing”. By focusing on two case studies from the Swiss cultural and creative industries sector, narrative praxes, practices and practitioners of entrepreneurial storytelling in project- and organizational development are outlined. Story-making and story-telling about a curatorial, innovative, entrepreneurial, strategic, collaborative and knowledge-driven design process generate entrepreneurial narration, design, networks and organization-specific discourse. This interplay is suggested as the basis for the entrepreneurial story and value creation that shape the narrative identity of projects, organizations and enterprises. In the case studies presented this is constituted through the project-narrative of “curating tooligans and busy brokers” and the entrepreneurial hero-narrative of “conquering adventurers and preserving guardians”. Implications are discussed to guide future comparable research for the emerging field of entrepreneurial storytelling. In view of the development and transfer of new tools and formats for teaching, coaching and consulting, first applications for professionals are argued

    Combining artefact analysis, interview and participant observation to study the organizational sensemaking of knowledge-based innovation

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    "Innovation studies have hardly investigated the link between innovation and organization with respect to what individual actors in organizations mean when they refer to innovation. More precisely, there are few research designs with the goal to understand (Verstehen) the meaning of innovation in organizations. To address this gap on a methodological level, I introduce an interpretative research design to study the organizational sense-making of innovation. Informed by the knowledge-based view of innovation and organizations, this research design suggests a combination of the qualitative methods artefact analysis, semi-structured qualitative interview and participant observation to generate data. Using qualitative content analysis to analyze the collected data separately, first-order concepts are constructed. Joining these separate concepts with the constant comparison technique creates second-order concepts and therefore a comprehensive understanding of the meaning of innovation in an organization. The application of the interpretative research design in innovation studies enables to build new theory on the link between innovation and organization that is empirically grounded." (author's abstract
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