29 research outputs found
Receiver Algorithms for Single-Carrier OSM Based High-Rate Indoor Visible Light Communications
In intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IM/DD) multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) visible light communication (VLC) systems, spatial subchannels are usually correlated, and spatial modulation is a good choice to achieve the advantages of MIMO technology. Peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is a key issue in VLCs due to the limited linear dynamic range of light emitting diodes (LEDs). Single-carrier communication systems have a lower PAPR than orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication systems. However, it is challenging to design a single-carrier spatial modulation for high-rate transmissions because of the time domain intersymbol interference. This paper develops an optical spatial modulation (OSM) scheme based on bipolar pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) and spatial elements for high-rate indoor VLC systems. Multiple data streams can be transmitted simultaneously in the proposed scheme. Based on the transmit strategy, we develop a low-complexity receiver algorithm that achieves better bit-error rate performance than reference schemes, and the proposed OSM scheme has a much lower PAPR than OFDM based OSM schemes. When the spatial subchannels are highly correlated, a spatial area division strategy is applied, and the receiver algorithm is investigated. The symbol-error rate expression of the proposed OSM scheme is derived, and the computational complexity is analyzed
OFDM-Based Optical Spatial Modulation
Spatial modulation (SM) has proven to be a promising
multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) technique which provides high energy
efficiency and reduces system complexity. In SM, only one transmitter is active
at any given time while the rest of them remain silent. The index of the active
transmitter carries information. This spatial information is in addition to the
data carried by the constellation symbols in the signal domain. Therefore, SM
increases the transmission rate of the communication system compared to
single-input-single-output and space-time block coding (STBC)-MIMO. For signal
domain data encoding, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has
been widely adopted. The key benefits in multi-carrier intensity-modulation and
direct-detection (IM/DD) systems are: i) the capability to achieve high
spectral efficiency and ii) the ability to effectively mitigate direct-current
(DC) wander effects and the impact of ambient light. However, current off-the
shelf light emitting diodes (LEDs) which are used as transmit entities are
primarily bandwidth limited. Thus, there are benefits of combining SM and OFDM
to enhance transmission speeds while maintaining low complexity. In this paper,
the two most common OFDM-based SM types, namely frequency domain SM (FD-SM) and
time domain SM (TD-SM), are investigated for optical wireless communications
(OWC). Moreover, proof-ofconcept experimental results are presented to showcase
practical feasibility of both techniques. The obtained results are also
compared with Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that TDSM with an
optimal maximum-a-posteriori-probability (MAP) detector significantly
outperforms FD-SM. It can be inferred from the results that TD SM is a strong
candidate among OFDM-based optical SM systems for future optical IM/DD wireless
communication systems
Automatic Lecture Recording
Lecture recording has become a very common tool to provide students with additional media for their examination preparations. While its effort has to stay reasonable, only a very basic way of recording is done in many cases. Therefore, watching the resulting videos can get very boring completely independent of how interesting the original topic or session was. This thesis proposes a new approach to lecture recordings by letting distributed computers emulate the work of a human camera team, which is the natural way of creating attractive recordings. This thesis is structured in six chapters, starting with the examination of the current situation, and taking its constraints into account. The first chapter concludes with a reflection on related work. Chapter two is about the design of our prototype system. It is deduced from a human camera team in the real world which gets transferred into the virtual world. Finally, a detailed overview about all parts necessary for our prototype and their planned functionality is given. In chapter three, the implementation of all parts and tasks and the incidents occurring during implementation are described in detail. Chapter four describes the technical experiences made with the different parts during development, testing and evaluation with a view to functionality, performance, and an proposal towards future work. The evaluation of the whole system with students is presented and discussed in the fifth chapter. Chapter six concludes this thesis by summing up the facts and gives an outlook on future work
EUROSENSORS XVII : book of abstracts
Fundação Calouste Gulbenkien (FCG).Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
Shortest Route at Dynamic Location with Node Combination-Dijkstra Algorithm
Abstract— Online transportation has become a basic
requirement of the general public in support of all activities to go
to work, school or vacation to the sights. Public transportation
services compete to provide the best service so that consumers
feel comfortable using the services offered, so that all activities
are noticed, one of them is the search for the shortest route in
picking the buyer or delivering to the destination. Node
Combination method can minimize memory usage and this
methode is more optimal when compared to A* and Ant Colony
in the shortest route search like Dijkstra algorithm, but can’t
store the history node that has been passed. Therefore, using
node combination algorithm is very good in searching the
shortest distance is not the shortest route. This paper is
structured to modify the node combination algorithm to solve the
problem of finding the shortest route at the dynamic location
obtained from the transport fleet by displaying the nodes that
have the shortest distance and will be implemented in the
geographic information system in the form of map to facilitate
the use of the system.
Keywords— Shortest Path, Algorithm Dijkstra, Node
Combination, Dynamic Location (key words
MSFC Skylab program engineering and integration
A technical history and managerial critique of the MSFC role in the Skylab program is presented. The George C. Marshall Space Flight Center had primary hardware development responsibility for the Saturn Workshop Modules and many of the designated experiments in addition to the system integration responsibility for the entire Skylab Orbital Cluster. The report also includes recommendations and conclusions applicable to hardware design, test program philosophy and performance, and program management techniques with potential application to future programs
Biosensors for Diagnosis and Monitoring
Biosensor technologies have received a great amount of interest in recent decades, and this has especially been the case in recent years due to the health alert caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The sensor platform market has grown in recent decades, and the COVID-19 outbreak has led to an increase in the demand for home diagnostics and point-of-care systems. With the evolution of biosensor technology towards portable platforms with a lower cost on-site analysis and a rapid selective and sensitive response, a larger market has opened up for this technology. The evolution of biosensor systems has the opportunity to change classic analysis towards real-time and in situ detection systems, with platforms such as point-of-care and wearables as well as implantable sensors to decentralize chemical and biological analysis, thus reducing industrial and medical costs. This book is dedicated to all the research related to biosensor technologies. Reviews, perspective articles, and research articles in different biosensing areas such as wearable sensors, point-of-care platforms, and pathogen detection for biomedical applications as well as environmental monitoring will introduce the reader to these relevant topics. This book is aimed at scientists and professionals working in the field of biosensors and also provides essential knowledge for students who want to enter the field
Proceedings of the Scientific-Practical Conference "Research and Development - 2016"
talent management; sensor arrays; automatic speech recognition; dry separation technology; oil production; oil waste; laser technolog