9,371 research outputs found
MRI-Based Computational Torso/Biventricular Multiscale Models to Investigate the Impact of Anatomical Variability on the ECG QRS Complex
Aims:Patient-to-patient anatomical differences are an important source of variability in the electrocardiogram, and they may compromise the identification of pathological electrophysiological abnormalities. This study aims at quantifying the contribution of variability in ventricular and torso anatomies to differences in QRS complexes of the 12-lead ECG using computer simulations.
Methods:A computational pipeline is presented that enables computer simulations using human torso/biventricular anatomically based electrophysiological models from clinically standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The ventricular model includes membrane kinetics represented by the biophysically detailed OβHara Rudy model modified for tissue heterogeneity and includes fiber orientation based on the Streeter rule. A population of 265 torso/biventricular models was generated by combining ventricular and torso anatomies obtained from clinically standard MRIs, augmented with a statistical shape model of the body. 12-lead ECGs were simulated on the 265 human torso/biventricular electrophysiology models, and QRS morphology,duration and amplitude were quantified in each ECG lead for each of the human torso-biventricular models.
Results:QRS morphologies in limb leads are mainly determined by ventricular anatomy,while in the precordial leads, and especially V1 to V4, they are determined by heart position within the torso. Differences in ventricular orientation within the torso can explain morphological variability from monophasic to biphasic QRS complexes. QRS duration ismainly influenced by myocardial volume, while it is hardly affected by the torso anatomyor position. An average increase of 0.12Β±0.05 ms in QRS duration is obtained for eachcm3of myocardial volume across all the leads while it hardly changed due to changes in torso volume.
Conclusion:Computer simulations using populations of human torso/biventricular models based on clinical MRI enable quantification of anatomical causes of variability in the QRS complex of the 12-lead ECG. The human models presented also pave theway toward their use as testbeds in silico clinical trial
Transparent authentication: Utilising heart rate for user authentication
There has been exponential growth in the use of wearable technologies in the last decade with smart watches having a large share of the market. Smart watches were primarily used for health and fitness purposes but recent years have seen a rise in their deployment in other areas. Recent smart watches are fitted with sensors with enhanced functionality and capabilities. For example, some function as standalone device with the ability to create activity logs and transmit data to a secondary device. The capability has contributed to their increased usage in recent years with researchers focusing on their potential. This paper explores the ability to extract physiological data from smart watch technology to achieve user authentication. The approach is suitable not only because of the capacity for data capture but also easy connectivity with other devices - principally the Smartphone. For the purpose of this study, heart rate data is captured and extracted from 30 subjects continually over an hour. While security is the ultimate goal, usability should also be key consideration. Most bioelectrical signals like heart rate are non-stationary time-dependent signals therefore Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is employed. DWT decomposes the bioelectrical signal into n level sub-bands of detail coefficients and approximation coefficients. Biorthogonal Wavelet (bior 4.4) is applied to extract features from the four levels of detail coefficents. Ten statistical features are extracted from each level of the coffecient sub-band. Classification of each sub-band levels are done using a Feedforward neural Network (FF-NN). The 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th levels had an Equal Error Rate (EER) of 17.20%, 18.17%, 20.93% and 21.83% respectively. To improve the EER, fusion of the four level sub-band is applied at the feature level. The proposed fusion showed an improved result over the initial result with an EER of 11.25% As a one-off authentication decision, an 11% EER is not ideal, its use on a continuous basis makes this more than feasible in practice
ΠΠ΅ΠΉΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ Matlab
This article is devoted to the problem of accurate detection of cardiosignal QRS-complexes for early diagnosis of various diseases of human cardiovascular system. For that purpose various algorithms based on either digital filtering methods or mathematical modeling of ECG signal particular sections are used. However, all listed methods have a number of disadvantages impairing the accuracy of QRS-complex determination. Yet wavelet transforms enabling accurate identification of local features for non-stationary signals are becoming more common in various fields of technology.The article presents wavelet spectrogram calculation by means of various wavelets and levels of decomposition in the Wavelet Toolbox environment. Based on wavelet coefficient amplitudes, the presence of jumps, discontinuities, i.e. QRS complex can be identified. In addition, by comparing the form of the QRS complex and the graph of the scaling function of different wavelets, the most optimal wavelet is determined for identifying the QRS complex, as well as noise suppression in cardiosignals.The obtained results can be used not only in electrocardiography, but also in solving problems of identification and processing of various types of signals.Β Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ QRS-ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³ΒΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΒΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ QRS-ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ². Π ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²Π΅ΠΉΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ-ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΒΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΠΉΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ Wavelet Toolbox Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΠΉΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΄Π°ΠΌ Π²Π΅ΠΉΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ-ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ², Ρ. Π΅. ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ QRS-ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° QRS-ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΠΉΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²Π΅ΠΉΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ QRS-ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π°Ρ
.ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°.
Techniques for Identification of Left Ventricular Asynchrony for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Heart Failure
The most recent treatment option of medically refractory heart failure includes cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) by biventricular pacing in selected patients in NYHA functional class III or IV heart failure. The widely used marker to indicate left ventricular (LV) asynchrony has been the surface ECG, but seems not to be a sufficient marker of the mechanical events within the LV and prediction of clinical response. This review presents an overview of techniques for identification of left ventricular intra- and interventricular asynchrony. Both manuscripts for electrical and mechanical asynchrony are reviewed, partly predicting response to CRT. In summary there is still no gold standard for assessment of LV asynchrony for CRT, but both traditional and new echocardiographic methods have shown asynchronous LV contraction in heart failure patients, and resynchronized LV contraction during CRT and should be implemented as additional methods for selecting patients to CRT
Unsupervised Heart-rate Estimation in Wearables With Liquid States and A Probabilistic Readout
Heart-rate estimation is a fundamental feature of modern wearable devices. In
this paper we propose a machine intelligent approach for heart-rate estimation
from electrocardiogram (ECG) data collected using wearable devices. The novelty
of our approach lies in (1) encoding spatio-temporal properties of ECG signals
directly into spike train and using this to excite recurrently connected
spiking neurons in a Liquid State Machine computation model; (2) a novel
learning algorithm; and (3) an intelligently designed unsupervised readout
based on Fuzzy c-Means clustering of spike responses from a subset of neurons
(Liquid states), selected using particle swarm optimization. Our approach
differs from existing works by learning directly from ECG signals (allowing
personalization), without requiring costly data annotations. Additionally, our
approach can be easily implemented on state-of-the-art spiking-based
neuromorphic systems, offering high accuracy, yet significantly low energy
footprint, leading to an extended battery life of wearable devices. We
validated our approach with CARLsim, a GPU accelerated spiking neural network
simulator modeling Izhikevich spiking neurons with Spike Timing Dependent
Plasticity (STDP) and homeostatic scaling. A range of subjects are considered
from in-house clinical trials and public ECG databases. Results show high
accuracy and low energy footprint in heart-rate estimation across subjects with
and without cardiac irregularities, signifying the strong potential of this
approach to be integrated in future wearable devices.Comment: 51 pages, 12 figures, 6 tables, 95 references. Under submission at
Elsevier Neural Network
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