Optimized Implementation of Encapsulation and Decapsulation of Classic McEliece on ARMv8

Recently, the results of the NIST PQC contest were announced. Classic McEliece, one of the 3rd round candidates, was selected as the fourth round candidate. Classic McEliece is the only code-based cipher in the NIST PQC finalists in third round and the algorithm is regarded as secure. However, it has low efficiency. In this paper, we propose an efficient software implementation of Classic McEliece, a code-based cipher, on 64-bit ARMv8 processors. Classic McEliece can be divided into Key Generation, Encapsulation, and Decapsulation. Among them, we propose an optimal implementation for Encapsulation and Decapsulation. Optimized Encapsulation implementation utilizes vector registers to perform 16-byte parallel operations, and optimize using the specificity of the identity matrix. Decapsulation implemented efficient Multiplication and Inversion on $F_2^m$ field. Compared with the previous results, Encapsulation showed the performance improvement of up-to 1.99× than the-state-of-art works

Understanding Quantum Technologies 2022

Understanding Quantum Technologies 2022 is a creative-commons ebook that provides a unique 360 degrees overview of quantum technologies from science and technology to geopolitical and societal issues. It covers quantum physics history, quantum physics 101, gate-based quantum computing, quantum computing engineering (including quantum error corrections and quantum computing energetics), quantum computing hardware (all qubit types, including quantum annealing and quantum simulation paradigms, history, science, research, implementation and vendors), quantum enabling technologies (cryogenics, control electronics, photonics, components fabs, raw materials), quantum computing algorithms, software development tools and use cases, unconventional computing (potential alternatives to quantum and classical computing), quantum telecommunications and cryptography, quantum sensing, quantum technologies around the world, quantum technologies societal impact and even quantum fake sciences. The main audience are computer science engineers, developers and IT specialists as well as quantum scientists and students who want to acquire a global view of how quantum technologies work, and particularly quantum computing. This version is an extensive update to the 2021 edition published in October 2021.Comment: 1132 pages, 920 figures, Letter forma

Putting Wings on SPHINCS

SPHINCS is a recently proposed stateless hash-based signature scheme and promising candidate for a post-quantum secure digital signature scheme. In this work we provide a comparison of the performance when instantiating SPHINCS with different cryptographic hash functions on both recent Intel and AMD platforms found in personal computers and the ARMv8-A platform which is prevalent in mobile phones. In particular, we provide a broad comparison of the performance of cryptographic hash functions utilizing the cryptographic extensions and vector instruction set extensions available on modern microprocessors. This comes with several new implementations optimized towards the specific use case of hash-based signature schemes. Further, we instantiate SPHINCS with these primitives and provide benchmarks for the costs of generating keys, signing messages and verifying signatures with SPHINCS on Intel Haswell, Intel Skylake, AMD Ryzen, ARM Cortex A57 and Cortex A72