9 research outputs found

    Punctured combinatorial Nullstellensätze

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    In this article we present a punctured version of Alon's Nullstellensatz which states that if ff vanishes at nearly all, but not all, of the common zeros of some polynomials g1(X1),,gn(Xn)g_1(X_1),\ldots,g_n(X_n) then every II-residue of ff, where the ideal I=g1,,gnI=\langle g_1,\ldots,g_n\rangle, has a large degree. Furthermore, we extend Alon's Nullstellensatz to functions which have multiple zeros at the common zeros of g1,g2,,gng_1,g_2,\ldots,g_n and prove a punctured version of this generalised version. Some applications of these punctured Nullstellens\"atze to projective and affine geometries over an arbitrary field are considered which, in the case that the field is finite, will lead to some bounds related to linear codes containing the all one vector

    Topics on Reliable and Secure Communication using Rank-Metric and Classical Linear Codes

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    Analytic Combinatorics in Several Variables: Effective Asymptotics and Lattice Path Enumeration

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    The field of analytic combinatorics, which studies the asymptotic behaviour of sequences through analytic properties of their generating functions, has led to the development of deep and powerful tools with applications across mathematics and the natural sciences. In addition to the now classical univariate theory, recent work in the study of analytic combinatorics in several variables (ACSV) has shown how to derive asymptotics for the coefficients of certain D-finite functions represented by diagonals of multivariate rational functions. We give a pedagogical introduction to the methods of ACSV from a computer algebra viewpoint, developing rigorous algorithms and giving the first complexity results in this area under conditions which are broadly satisfied. Furthermore, we give several new applications of ACSV to the enumeration of lattice walks restricted to certain regions. In addition to proving several open conjectures on the asymptotics of such walks, a detailed study of lattice walk models with weighted steps is undertaken.Comment: PhD thesis, University of Waterloo and ENS Lyon - 259 page

    Minimal Ramsey graphs, orthogonal Latin squares, and hyperplane coverings

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    This thesis consists of three independent parts. The first part of the thesis is concerned with Ramsey theory. Given an integer q2q\geq 2, a graph GG is said to be \emph{qq-Ramsey} for another graph HH if in any qq-edge-coloring of GG there exists a monochromatic copy of HH. The central line of research in this area investigates the smallest number of vertices in a qq-Ramsey graph for a given HH. In this thesis, we explore two different directions. First, we will be interested in the smallest possible minimum degree of a minimal (with respect to subgraph inclusion) qq-Ramsey graph for a given HH. This line of research was initiated by Burr, Erdős, and Lovász in the 1970s. We study the minimum degree of a minimal Ramsey graph for a random graph and investigate how many vertices of small degree a minimal Ramsey graph for a given HH can contain. We also consider the minimum degree problem in a more general asymmetric setting. Second, it is interesting to ask how small modifications to the graph HH affect the corresponding collection of qq-Ramsey graphs. Building upon the work of Fox, Grinshpun, Liebenau, Person, and Szabó and Rödl and Siggers, we prove that adding even a single pendent edge to the complete graph KtK_t changes the collection of 2-Ramsey graphs significantly. The second part of the thesis deals with orthogonal Latin squares. A {\em Latin square of order nn} is an n×nn\times n array with entries in [n][n] such that each integer appears exactly once in every row and every column. Two Latin squares LL and LL' are said to be {\em orthogonal} if, for all x,y[n]x,y\in [n], there is a unique pair (i,j)[n]2(i,j)\in [n]^2 such that L(i,j)=xL(i,j) = x and L(i,j)=yL'(i,j) = y; a system of {\em kk mutually orthogonal Latin squares}, or a {\em kk-MOLS}, is a set of kk pairwise orthogonal Latin squares. Motivated by a well-known result determining the number of different Latin squares of order nn log-asymptotically, we study the number of kk-MOLS of order nn. Earlier results on this problem were obtained by Donovan and Grannell and Keevash and Luria. We establish new upper bounds for a wide range of values of k=k(n)k = k(n). We also prove a new, log-asymptotically tight, bound on the maximum number of other squares a single Latin square can be orthogonal to. The third part of the thesis is concerned with grid coverings with multiplicities. In particular, we study the minimum number of hyperplanes necessary to cover all points but one of a given finite grid at least kk times, while covering the remaining point fewer times. We study this problem for the grid F2n\mathbb{F}_2^n, determining the number exactly when one of the parameters nn and kk is much larger than the other and asymptotically in all other cases. This generalizes a classic result of Jamison for k=1k=1. Additionally, motivated by the recent work of Clifton and Huang and Sauermann and Wigderson for the hypercube {0,1}nRn\set{0,1}^n\subseteq\mathbb{R}^n, we study hyperplane coverings for different grids over R\mathbb{R}, under the stricter condition that the remaining point is omitted completely. We focus on two-dimensional real grids, showing a variety of results and demonstrating that already this setting offers a range of possible behaviors.Diese Dissertation besteht aus drei unabh\"angigen Teilen. Der erste Teil beschäftigt sich mit Ramseytheorie. Für eine ganze Zahl q2q\geq 2 nennt man einen Graphen \emph{qq-Ramsey} f\"ur einen anderen Graphen HH, wenn jede Kantenf\"arbung mit qq Farben einen einfarbigen Teilgraphen enthält, der isomorph zu HH ist. Das zentrale Problem in diesem Gebiet ist die minimale Anzahl von Knoten in einem solchen Graphen zu bestimmen. In dieser Dissertation betrachten wir zwei verschiedene Varianten. Als erstes, beschäftigen wir uns mit dem kleinstm\"oglichen Minimalgrad eines minimalen (bezüglich Teilgraphen) qq-Ramsey-Graphen f\"ur einen gegebenen Graphen HH. Diese Frage wurde zuerst von Burr, Erd\H{o}s und Lov\'asz in den 1970er-Jahren studiert. Wir betrachten dieses Problem f\"ur einen Zufallsgraphen und untersuchen, wie viele Knoten kleinen Grades ein Ramsey-Graph f\"ur gegebenes HH enthalten kann. Wir untersuchen auch eine asymmetrische Verallgemeinerung des Minimalgradproblems. Als zweites betrachten wir die Frage, wie sich die Menge aller qq-Ramsey-Graphen f\"ur HH verändert, wenn wir den Graphen HH modifizieren. Aufbauend auf den Arbeiten von Fox, Grinshpun, Liebenau, Person und Szabó und Rödl und Siggers beweisen wir, dass bereits der Graph, der aus KtK_t mit einer h\"angenden Kante besteht, eine sehr unterschiedliche Menge von 2-Ramsey-Graphen besitzt im Vergleich zu KtK_t. Im zweiten Teil geht es um orthogonale lateinische Quadrate. Ein \emph{lateinisches Quadrat der Ordnung nn} ist eine n×nn\times n-Matrix, gef\"ullt mit den Zahlen aus [n][n], in der jede Zahl genau einmal pro Zeile und einmal pro Spalte auftritt. Zwei lateinische Quadrate sind \emph{orthogonal} zueinander, wenn f\"ur alle x,y[n]x,y\in[n] genau ein Paar (i,j)[n]2(i,j)\in [n]^2 existiert, sodass es L(i,j)=xL(i,j) = x und L(i,j)=yL'(i,j) = y gilt. Ein \emph{k-MOLS der Ordnung nn} ist eine Menge von kk lateinischen Quadraten, die paarweise orthogonal sind. Motiviert von einem bekannten Resultat, welches die Anzahl von lateinischen Quadraten der Ordnung nn log-asymptotisch bestimmt, untersuchen wir die Frage, wie viele kk-MOLS der Ordnung nn es gibt. Dies wurde bereits von Donovan und Grannell und Keevash und Luria studiert. Wir verbessern die beste obere Schranke f\"ur einen breiten Bereich von Parametern k=k(n)k=k(n). Zusätzlich bestimmen wir log-asymptotisch zu wie viele anderen lateinischen Quadraten ein lateinisches Quadrat orthogonal sein kann. Im dritten Teil studieren wir, wie viele Hyperebenen notwendig sind, um die Punkte eines endlichen Gitters zu überdecken, sodass ein bestimmter Punkt maximal (k1)(k-1)-mal bedeckt ist und alle andere mindestens kk-mal. Wir untersuchen diese Anzahl f\"ur das Gitter F2n\mathbb{F}_2^n asymptotisch und sogar genau, wenn eins von nn und kk viel größer als das andere ist. Dies verallgemeinert ein Ergebnis von Jamison für den Fall k=1k=1. Au{\ss}erdem betrachten wir dieses Problem f\"ur Gitter im reellen Vektorraum, wenn der spezielle Punkt überhaupt nicht bedeckt ist. Dies ist durch die Arbeiten von Clifton und Huang und Sauermann und Wigderson motiviert, die den Hyperwürfel {0,1}nRn\set{0,1}^n\subseteq \mathbb{R}^n untersucht haben. Wir konzentrieren uns auf zwei-dimensionale Gitter und zeigen, dass schon diese sich sehr unterschiedlich verhalten können

    Punctured combinatorial Nullstellensätze

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    In this article we present a punctured version of Alon's Nullstellensatz which states that if ff vanishes at nearly all, but not all, of the common zeros of some polynomials g1(X1),,gn(Xn)g_1(X_1),\ldots,g_n(X_n) then every II-residue of ff, where the ideal I=g1,,gnI=\langle g_1,\ldots,g_n\rangle, has a large degree. Furthermore, we extend Alon's Nullstellensatz to functions which have multiple zeros at the common zeros of g1,g2,,gng_1,g_2,\ldots,g_n and prove a punctured version of this generalised version. Some applications of these punctured Nullstellens\"atze to projective and affine geometries over an arbitrary field are considered which, in the case that the field is finite, will lead to some bounds related to linear codes containing the all one vector

    Punctured combinatorial Nullstellensätze

    No full text
    In this article we present a punctured version of Alon's Nullstellensatz which states that if ff vanishes at nearly all, but not all, of the common zeros of some polynomials g1(X1),,gn(Xn)g_1(X_1),\ldots,g_n(X_n) then every II-residue of ff, where the ideal I=g1,,gnI=\langle g_1,\ldots,g_n\rangle, has a large degree. Furthermore, we extend Alon's Nullstellensatz to functions which have multiple zeros at the common zeros of g1,g2,,gng_1,g_2,\ldots,g_n and prove a punctured version of this generalised version. Some applications of these punctured Nullstellens\"atze to projective and affine geometries over an arbitrary field are considered which, in the case that the field is finite, will lead to some bounds related to linear codes containing the all one vector
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