4,055 research outputs found

    Skill composition and regional entrepreneurship: a comparative study between Germany and Portugal

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    The question whether agglomeration externalities arise either from specialization or diversification of economic activity has since long been a major topic in the analysis of factors determining economic growth. In this paper we analyze whether a more specialized or a more diverse skill composition of labor in regions affects the level of new firm entries in general as well as in technology- and knowledge-intensive subsectors. We compare Germany and Portugal which exhibit, though EU member states, different institutional infrastructures for entrepreneurship. Based on a harmonized dataset, our results indicate that the skill composition has different effects on firm entry in the two countries. More specifically, for Portugal the specialization of skills has a positive effect on the level on new firm entry in all sectors. In contrast to this, our results for Germany reveal exactly the opposite effect. These results suggest that both specialization and diversity theories hold, and that the effect thus may depend on other more local and regional factors. --Entrepreneurship,skill composition,regional analysis,comparative study

    Fusionskontrolle in dynamischen Netzsektoren am Beispiel des Breitbandkabelsektors: zugleich ein kritischer Beitrag zur Kartellrechtsdogmatik des Bundeskartellamts nach Iesy/Ish und TC/Ish und sektorspezifischen Regulierungskonsistenz seitens der Bundesnetzagentur

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    The working report looks at the actual situation of the German broadband cable market in the context of merger control and sector specific regulation. A crucial problem in dealing with the cable market whether in antitrust cases or in the regulatory context is the precise assessment of the economic conditions, especially the arguable question if the network has still characteristics of a natural monopoly still a common argument in network industries. The report therefore uses the basic concept of the disaggregated identification of network-specific market power. The unique structure of the German broadband cable industry with its horizontal and vertical separation of the distribution network shows a highly contestable market with elements of competitive franchise bidding. On the other hand the cable market is suffering from that separation due to problems of inefficiency, especially in times of dynamic changes in communications with powerful intermodal competitors like Deutsche Telekom AG (DTAG) with an innovative IPTV infrastructure. To this date these market characteristics have been ignored. --Bottleneck,broadband cable,consumer surplus approach,contestable markets,disaggregated approach,efficiency analysis,essential facility,franchise bidding,market definition,market dominance,market power,merger control,network effects,open field approach,regulation,remedies and conditions,telecommunication networks,total welfare standard

    A Digital Signature Scheme for Long-Term Security

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    In this paper we propose a signature scheme based on two intractable problems, namely the integer factorization problem and the discrete logarithm problem for elliptic curves. It is suitable for applications requiring long-term security and provides a more efficient solution than the existing ones

    Risiken aus Cloud-Computing-Services : Fragen des Risikomanagements und Aspekte der Versicherbarkeit

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    Unternehmen stehen heute aufgrund ökonomischer Anreize verstĂ€rkt vor der Entscheidung, die bisher intern gelagerte Datenverarbeitung und GeschĂ€ftsprozesse auf einen externen Anbieter von Cloud-Computing-Dienstleistungen auszulagern. Diese neuartige Form des IT-Outsourcing verĂ€ndert jedoch die Risikosituation, der Anbieter und Nachfrager ausgesetzt sind, teilweise erheblich. Heutige Cyber-Versicherungsprodukte sind noch nicht auf versicherungstechnische und vertragsrechtliche Besonderheiten des Cloud Computing ausgelegt. Zudem fĂŒhren die stark interdependenten Netzwerkstrukturen von Cloud-Anbietern, verbunden mit einer fehlenden UnabhĂ€ngigkeit der Einzelrisiken in einer Cloud-Infrastruktur zu starken Kumulproblemen im Schadenfall und eröffnen Fragen der grundsĂ€tzlichen Versicherbarkeit. Die Analyse zeigt, dass neben einer Anpassung heutiger Versicherungsprodukte auf den Kontext Cloud-Computing auch innovative Risikodiversifikationsmöglichkeiten geschaffen werden sollten, um Risiken aus Cloud-Computing-Services auf ein Versicherungsunternehmen zu transferieren. Dieser Artikel erörtert die Risikosituation bei der Nutzung von Cloud-Services, bietet eine Klassifikation der Risiken an und diskutiert zentrale Fragen der Versicherbarkeit sowie LösungsansĂ€tze fĂŒr das Risikomanagement.Cloud-Computing services are changing the risk situation of IT-outsourcing and represent a challenge for the insurance industry. The most important problem to guarantee insurability of these emerging risks is that they are not stochastically independent. On the one hand, the interdependent network structure of these risks implies a significant contagion risk; on the other hand, new risks emerge that have not been addressed by existing (cyber risk) policies so far. Insurance concepts should be supported by innovative risk diversification concepts for cloud computing service. Addressing and classifying the new risks resulting from Cloud-Computing services, this article discusses insurability issues and risk management solutions

    Risiken aus Cloud-Computing-Services : Fragen des Risikomanagements und Aspekte der Versicherbarkeit

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    Unternehmen stehen heute aufgrund ökonomischer Anreize verstĂ€rkt vor der Entscheidung, die bisher intern gelagerte Datenverarbeitung und GeschĂ€ftsprozesse auf einen externen Anbieter von Cloud-Computing-Dienstleistungen auszulagern. Diese neuartige Form des IT-Outsourcing verĂ€ndert jedoch die Risikosituation, der Anbieter und Nachfrager ausgesetzt sind, teilweise erheblich. Heutige Cyber-Versicherungsprodukte sind noch nicht auf versicherungstechnische und vertragsrechtliche Besonderheiten des Cloud Computing ausgelegt. Zudem fĂŒhren die stark interdependenten Netzwerkstrukturen von Cloud-Anbietern, verbunden mit einer fehlenden UnabhĂ€ngigkeit der Einzelrisiken in einer Cloud-Infrastruktur zu starken Kumulproblemen im Schadenfall und eröffnen Fragen der grundsĂ€tzlichen Versicherbarkeit. Die Analyse zeigt, dass neben einer Anpassung heutiger Versicherungsprodukte auf den Kontext Cloud-Computing auch innovative Risikodiversifikationsmöglichkeiten geschaffen werden sollten, um Risiken aus Cloud-Computing-Services auf ein Versicherungsunternehmen zu transferieren. Dieser Artikel erörtert die Risikosituation bei der Nutzung von Cloud-Services, bietet eine Klassifikation der Risiken an und diskutiert zentrale Fragen der Versicherbarkeit sowie LösungsansĂ€tze fĂŒr das Risikomanagement.Cloud-Computing services are changing the risk situation of IT-outsourcing and represent a challenge for the insurance industry. The most important problem to guarantee insurability of these emerging risks is that they are not stochastically independent. On the one hand, the interdependent network structure of these risks implies a significant contagion risk; on the other hand, new risks emerge that have not been addressed by existing (cyber risk) policies so far. Insurance concepts should be supported by innovative risk diversification concepts for cloud computing service. Addressing and classifying the new risks resulting from Cloud-Computing services, this article discusses insurability issues and risk management solutions

    Der Schutz Kritischer Infrastrukturen. Unter besonderer BerĂŒcksichtigung von kritischen Informationsinfrastrukturen

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    Transformations of the State

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    Since the second half of the twentieth century, the gradual nationalization of political authority that was typical for much of the State’s history since the seventeenth century has come to a standstill and given way to the denationalization of political authority. Non-state actors acquire political authority, thus giving rise to a complex network of political authorities, in which the State is only one authority among others. Yet, the denationalization of political authority remains fragmentary and incomplete. No non-state authority, be it an international institution, a private business or transnational organization, has the capacity to supplant the State. In fact, they all remain reliant on the State because only the State can provide the complementary resources that non-state actors lack to exercise political authority effectively and legitimately. For this reason, the State remains the key body of authority despite denationalization and the accretion of political authority by non-state entities. Its role has changed, however. The State no longer exercises authority always directly and exclusively through its own powers and resources, but more and more indirectly, by providing and complementing the powers and resources of non-state actors. The state remains the central authority but its role is transforming: once monopolist, the state is now becoming a manager of political authority

    An Evaluated Certification Services System for the German National Root CA - Legally Binding and Trustworthy Transactions in E-Business and E-Government

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    National Root CAs enable legally binding E-Business and E-Government transactions. This is a report about the development, the evaluation and the certification of the new certification services system for the German National Root CA. We illustrate why a new certification services system was necessary, and which requirements to the new system existed. Then we derive the tasks to be done from the mentioned requirements. After that we introduce the initial situation at the beginning of the project. We report about the very process and talk about some unfamiliar situations, special approaches and remarkable experiences. Finally we present the ready IT system and its impact to E-Business and E-Government.Comment: 6 pages; 1 figure; IEEE style; final versio
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