Psychomotor Skill Measurement of Video Game Players

Psychomotor skills are a combination of innate abilities as well as skills developed because of repeated actions. Researchers have dedicated many studies to understand the extent to which past videogame play contributes to psychomotor skills and fine motor control dexterity. However, not all gamers are created equal. With today\u27s proliferation of platforms, many people are gamers who never pick up a controller. Grouping all gamers together forms dangerous confounds when trying to generalize across a population as diverse as today\u27s gamers. The current study aims to study a population comprised only of gamers to see if there are significant differences in their psychomotor skills. A psychomotor skills test has been developed, which is designed to simulate proven physical tests, with the express purpose of exposing differences between gamers. After filling out an extensive survey of gaming habits, participants completed the psychomotor skills test. Participants were then grouped by measured psychomotor ability and a selection of high and low performing gamers completed four tutorial exercises on the dV-Trainer by Mimic Technologies, a validated robotic laparoscopic training device. The study shows that the number of hours reported per week using analog controllers is correlated with the psychomotor score as measured by the newly developed simulation. In particular, the Purdue Pegboard and Finger Tapping simulation software is the best discriminator among members of the gamer population

Sequential learning of psychomotor and visuospatial skills for laparoscopic suturing and knot tying – study protocol for a randomized controlled trial “The shoebox study”

Background: Laparoscopy training has become an integral part of surgical education. Suturing and knot tying is a basic, yet inherent part of many laparoscopic operations, and should be mastered prior to operating on patients. One common and standardized suturing technique is the C-loop technique. In the standard training setting, on a box trainer, the trainee learns the psychomotor movements of the task and the laparoscopic visuospatial orientation simultaneously. Learning the psychomotor and visuospatial skills separately and sequentially may offer a more time-efficient alternative to the current standard of training. Methods: This is a monocentric, two-arm randomized controlled trial. The participants are medical students in their clinical years (third to sixth year) at Heidelberg University who have not previously partaken in a laparoscopic training course lasting more than 2 hours. A total of 54 students are randomized into one of two arms in a 1:1 ratio to sequential learning (group 1) or control (group 2). Both groups receive a standardized introduction to the training center, laparoscopic instruments, and C-loop technique. Group 1 learn the C-loop using a transparent shoebox, thus only learning the psychomotor skills. Once they reach proficiency, they then perform the same knot tying procedure on a box trainer with standard laparoscopic view, where they combine their psychomotor skills with the visuospatial orientation inherent to laparoscopy. Group 2 learn the C-loop using solely a box trainer with standard laparoscopic view until they reach proficiency. Trainees work in pairs and time is recorded for each attempt. The primary outcome is mean total training time for each group. Secondary endpoints include procedural and knot quality subscore differences. Tertiary endpoints include studying the influence of gender and video game experience on performance. Discussion: This study addresses whether the learning of the psychomotor and visuospatial aspects of laparoscopic suturing and knot tying is optimal sequentially or simultaneously, by assessing total training time, procedural, and knot quality differences between the two groups. It will improve the efficiency of future laparoscopic suturing courses and may serve as an indicator for laparoscopic training in a broader context, i.e., not only for suturing and knot tying. Trial registration: This trial was registered on 12 August 2015 with the trial registration number DRKS00008668

Effectiveness of simulation models on technical skills among surgeons. A critical review

ArticleBased on simulation models the surgeons can train technical skills and improve their functional status of musculoskeletal state. Work in good ergonomic position could reduce and prevent musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this review is to carry out critical analysis of research on simulation techniques analysing the effectiveness of simulators on technical skills among the surgeons. The search of the articles based on the databases EBSCO, Science Direct and Web of Science. The articles published in 2011–2016 years and not the literature reviews of simulator models in surgery were the selection criteria. Most often the simulator models have used for training of laparoscopic operations, choosing new instruments or introducing new methodologies. Some articles have paid more attention to ergonomic equipment layout in practice to prevent musculoskeletal disorders. It is important to use simulators in the university hospitals, where the young surgeons and medical students are practicing

Accuracy and Reliability of Peer Assessment of Athletic Training Psychomotor Laboratory Skills

Peer assessment is defined as students judging the level or quality of a fellow student's understanding. No researchers have yet demonstrated the accuracy or reliability of peer assessment in athletic training education. To determine the accuracy and reliability of peer assessment of athletic training students' psychomotor skills. Cross-sectional study. Entry-level master's athletic training education program. First-year (n = 5) and second-year (n = 8) students. Participants evaluated 10 videos of a peer performing 3 psychomotor skills (middle deltoid manual muscle test, Faber test, and Slocum drawer test) on 2 separate occasions using a valid assessment tool. Accuracy of each peer-assessment score was examined through percentage correct scores. We used a generalizability study to determine how reliable athletic training students were in assessing a peer performing the aforementioned skills. Decision studies using generalizability theory demonstrated how the peer-assessment scores were affected by the number of participants and number of occasions. Participants had a high percentage of correct scores: 96.84% for the middle deltoid manual muscle test, 94.83% for the Faber test, and 97.13% for the Slocum drawer test. They were not able to reliably assess a peer performing any of the psychomotor skills on only 1 occasion. However, the ? increased (exceeding the 0.70 minimal standard) when 2 participants assessed the skill on 3 occasions (&#x03C8 = 0.79) for the Faber test, with 1 participant on 2 occasions (&#x03C8 = 0.76) for the Slocum drawer test, and with 3 participants on 2 occasions for the middle deltoid manual muscle test (&#x03C8 = 0.72). Although students did not detect all errors, they assessed their peers with an average of 96% accuracy. Having only 1 student assess a peer performing certain psychomotor skills was less reliable than having more than 1 student assess those skills on more than 1 occasion. Peer assessment of psychomotor skills could be an important part of the learning process and a tool to supplement instructor assessment

Education in laparoscopic surgery:All eyes towards in vivo training

Tegenwoordig worden steeds meer buikoperaties d.m.v. laparoscopische (knoopsgat) chirurgie uitgevoerd. Omdat deze manier van chirurgie zo anders is dan conventionele chirurgie staat tegenwoordig de manier van selectie, training en beoordeling van artsen in opleiding tot chirurg ter discussie in de wetenschap. Uit dit proefschrift blijkt dat neuropsychologische testen voor ruimtelijk inzicht en psychomotorische vaardigheden een voorspellende waarde hebben in de laparoscopische chirurgie. Beoordeling van applicaties voor de opleiding chirurgie zouden daarom gebaat zijn bij een neuropsychologische test van deze vaardigheden. De training van chirurgen kan mogelijk worden verbeterd door het gebruik van het Pareto-principe, een principe dat veel gebruikt wordt in de bedrijfseconomie en verondersteld dat 20% van de verschillende oorzaken verantwoordelijk is voor 80% van de gevolgen. Ook op de operatiekamer blijkt namelijk 20% van de laparoscopische vaardigheden verantwoordelijk te zijn voor 80% van de verbale correcties gegeven door supervisoren. Ten behoeve van trainingsefficiëntie lijkt het dus verstandig om traininginstrumenten (VR simulator taken, boeken, cursussen, etc.) te ontwikkelen die juist deze 20% aanpakken. In het huidige trainingsysteem wordt een algemeen beoordelingsformulier gebruikt voor het geven van feedback, de OSATS. Alhoewel dit een duidelijke vooruitgang is t.o.v. de meer subjectieve beoordelingen van vroeger kan het formulier niet gebruikt worden voor procedure specifieke feedback. Uit dit proefschrift blijkt dat het beoordelen van de mate van fysieke en verbale ondersteuning die een arts in opleiding tot chirurg nodig heeft van zijn supervisor een goed beeld geeft van zijn/haar niveau tijdens een laparoscopische operatie en tevens kan worden gebruikt voor het geven van procedure specifieke feedback