Pseudocolouring Enhancement Processing Of Ovarian Ultrasound Images.

Image processing may be employed on ovarian ultrasound images to assist doctors in diagnostic analysis

An interactive color pre-processing method to improve tumor segmentation in digital medical images

In the last few decades the medical imaging field has grown considerably, and new techniques such as computerized axial tomography (CAT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are able to obtain medical images in noninvasive ways. These new technologies have opened the medical field, offering opportunities to improve patient diagnosis, education and training, treatment monitoring, and surgery planning. One of these opportunities is in the tumor segmentation field. Tumor segmentation is the process of virtually extracting the tumor from the healthy tissues of the body by computer algorithms. This is a complex process since tumors have different shapes, sizes, tissue densities, and locations. The algorithms that have been developed cannot take into account all these variations and higher accuracy is achieved with specialized methods that generally work with specific types of tissue data. In this thesis a color pre-processing method for segmentation is presented. Most tumor segmentation methods are based on grayscale values of the medical images. The method proposed in this thesis adds color information to the original values of the image. The user selects the region of interest (ROI), usually the tumor, from the grayscale medical image and from this initial selection, the image is mapped into a colored space. Tissue densities that are part of the tumor are assigned an RGB component and any tissues outside the tumor are set to black. The user can tweak the color ranges in real time to achieve better results, in cases where the tumor pixels are non-homogenous in terms of intensity. The user then places a seed in the center of the tumor and begins segmentation. A pixel in the image is segmented as part of the tumor if it\u27s within an initial 10% threshold. This threshold is determined if the seed is within the average RGB values of the tumor, and within the search region. The search region is calculated by growing or shrinking the previous region using the information or previous segmented regions of the set of slices. The method automatically segments all the slices on the set from the inputs of the first slice. All through the segmentation process the user can tweak different parameters and visualize the segmentation results in real time. The method was run on ten test cases several runs were performed for each test cases. 10 out of the 20 test runs gave false positives of 25% or less, and 10 out of the 20 test runs gave false negatives of 25% or less. Using only grayscale thresholding methods the results for the same test cases show a false positive of up to 52% on the easy cases and up to 284% on the difficult cases, and false negatives of up to 14% on the easy cases and up to 99% on the difficult cases. While the results of the grayscale and color pre-processing methods on easy cases were similar, the results of color pre-processing were much better on difficult cases, thus supporting the claim that adding color to medical images for segmentation can significantly improve accuracy of tumor segmentation

Ovaidan Ultrasound Image Enhancement By Pseudocolouring.

Image processing may be employed on ovarian ultrasound images to assist doctors in diagnostic analysis. The gray levels of ovarian images are usually concentrated at the zero end of the spectrum ,making the image too low in contrast and too dark for the naked eye. This paper examines the effectiveness in displaying gray level ultrasound images as colour images and proposes a pseudocolouring approach for enhancing features in ultrasound ovarian image, which allows easy discrimination Of texture information

Panoramik Radyografilerde Sahte Renklendirme ile Osteoporozun Değerlendirilmesi

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı panoramik radyografiler üzerinden sahte renklendirme yapılarak mandibular kortikal indekse (MKI) dayalı olarak osteoporozun değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma xxxxxxxxx Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Ağız, Diş ve Çene Radyolojisi arşivinde yer alan 300 adet panoramik radyografinin retrospektif olarak taranmasıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında değerlendirilen panoramik radyografilerde MKI’ya göre C1, C2, C3 skorları belirlenmiş, sonraki aşamada ImageJ programı kullanılarak sahte renklendirme ile skorlar arası farklılıklar görsel olarak incelenmiştir. C1-C2-C3 skorlarına karşılık gelen piksel değerlerinin farklılıkları Kruskal-Wallis testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde SPSS v21.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA) programı kullanılmıştır. Test sonuçları pC1). Sonuç: Image J programı kullanılarak elde edilen sahte renklendirilmiş görüntüler panoramik radyografiler üzerinden osteoporotik değişimlerin MKI’ya göre görsel ayrımında başarılı değildir ancak skorlar arası farklılıklar histogram analizi numerik olarak ortaya konabilmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Mandibular kortikal indeks, osteoporoz, panoramik radyografi, sahte renklendirm

The Empirical Foundations of Teleradiology and Related Applications: A Review of the Evidence

Introduction: Radiology was founded on a technological discovery by Wilhelm Roentgen in 1895. Teleradiology also had its roots in technology dating back to 1947 with the successful transmission of radiographic images through telephone lines. Diagnostic radiology has become the eye of medicine in terms of diagnosing and treating injury and disease. This article documents the empirical foundations of teleradiology. Methods: A selective review of the credible literature during the past decade (2005?2015) was conducted, using robust research design and adequate sample size as criteria for inclusion. Findings: The evidence regarding feasibility of teleradiology and related information technology applications has been well documented for several decades. The majority of studies focused on intermediate outcomes, as indicated by comparability between teleradiology and conventional radiology. A consistent trend of concordance between the two modalities was observed in terms of diagnostic accuracy and reliability. Additional benefits include reductions in patient transfer, rehospitalization, and length of stay.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/140295/1/tmj.2016.0149.pd

Parallel processor implementation in computerized tomography using transputers : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Technology in Production Technology at Massey University

Image reconstruction by computerized tomography provides a nonintrusive method of imaging the internal structure of objects. From measurements of radiation (e.g. X-rays or gamma rays) passed through an object, it is possible to observe the internal structure. The reconstruction process is computationally intensive and requires imaginative parallel processing algorithms to attain 'real­ time' performance. The Inmos transputer makes parallel processing algorithms both feasible and relatively straight forward. In this thesis, a modification to the backprojection algorithm is introduced in order to improve the speed of the implementation. Work carried out has involved evaluating how these algorithms ( convolution, backprojection and interpolation ) can be used in multiprocessor concurrent architecture to obtain rapid image reconstruction. Several suitable transputer network structures have been advanced to simulate the image reconstruction. The reconstruction time is decreased very greatly and the image reconstruction result is good

Structure of cellular ESCRT-III spirals and their relationship to HIV budding

Abstract The ESCRT machinery along with the AAA+ ATPase Vps4 drive membrane scission for trafficking into multivesicular bodies in the endocytic pathway and for the topologically related processes of viral budding and cytokinesis, but how they accomplish this remains unclear. Using deep-etch electron microscopy, we find that endogenous ESCRT-III filaments stabilized by depleting cells of Vps4 create uniform membrane-deforming conical spirals which are assemblies of specific ESCRT-III heteropolymers. To explore functional roles for ESCRT-III filaments, we examine HIV-1 Gag-mediated budding of virus-like particles and find that depleting Vps4 traps ESCRT-III filaments around nascent Gag assemblies. Interpolating between the observed structures suggests a new role for Vps4 in separating ESCRT-III from Gag or other cargo to allow centripetal growth of a neck constricting ESCRT-III spiral. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.02184.00