IP and ATM integration: A New paradigm in multi-service internetworking

ATM is a widespread technology adopted by many to support advanced data communication, in particular efficient Internet services provision. The expected challenges of multimedia communication together with the increasing massive utilization of IP-based applications urgently require redesign of networking solutions in terms of both new functionalities and enhanced performance. However, the networking context is affected by so many changes, and to some extent chaotic growth, that any approach based on a structured and complex top-down architecture is unlikely to be applicable. Instead, an approach based on finding out the best match between realistic service requirements and the pragmatic, intelligent use of technical opportunities made available by the product market seems more appropriate. By following this approach, innovations and improvements can be introduced at different times, not necessarily complying with each other according to a coherent overall design. With the aim of pursuing feasible innovations in the different networking aspects, we look at both IP and ATM internetworking in order to investigating a few of the most crucial topics/ issues related to the IP and ATM integration perspective. This research would also address various means of internetworking the Internet Protocol (IP) and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) with an objective of identifying the best possible means of delivering Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for multi-service applications, exploiting the meritorious features that IP and ATM have to offer. Although IP and ATM often have been viewed as competitors, their complementary strengths and limitations from a natural alliance that combines the best aspects of both the technologies. For instance, one limitation of ATM networks has been the relatively large gap between the speed of the network paths and the control operations needed to configure those data paths to meet changing user needs. IP\u27s greatest strength, on the other hand, is the inherent flexibility and its capacity to adapt rapidly to changing conditions. These complementary strengths and limitations make it natural to combine IP with ATM to obtain the best that each has to offer. Over time many models and architectures have evolved for IP/ATM internetworking and they have impacted the fundamental thinking in internetworking IP and ATM. These technologies, architectures, models and implementations will be reviewed in greater detail in addressing possible issues in integrating these architectures s in a multi-service, enterprise network. The objective being to make recommendations as to the best means of interworking the two in exploiting the salient features of one another to provide a faster, reliable, scalable, robust, QoS aware network in the most economical manner. How IP will be carried over ATM when a commercial worldwide ATM network is deployed is not addressed and the details of such a network still remain in a state of flux to specify anything concrete. Our research findings culminated with a strong recommendation that the best model to adopt, in light of the impending integrated service requirements of future multi-service environments, is an ATM core with IP at the edges to realize the best of both technologies in delivering QoS guarantees in a seamless manner to any node in the enterprise

Architectures des réseaux pour le contrôle de la QoS

La qualité de service dans les réseaux téléphoniques a toujours tenu une place importante, voire prépondérante, dans la conception des architectures de télécommunication. Si elle est implicitement supportée dans le réseau téléphonique commuté (RTC) classique, il n'en est pas de même dans les réseaux en mode paquet que sont l'ATM et l'IP. Ce mémoire d'habilitation à diriger des recherches synthétise le travail de recherche effectué sur un ensemble d'architectures pour contrôler la QoS dans les réseaux en mode paquets. De l'espacement dans le plan de transfert, jusqu'à la négociation des contrats avec l'utilisateur en passant par le plan de contrôle, les contributions forment à la fois une continuité et une complémentarité permettant de dégager des règles d'urbanisme à suivre pour la gestion de la QoS. A partir de ces règles, une solution globale de gestion de la QoS depuis le réseau local jusqu'à l'inter-domaine est proposée. Elle suit également une découpe temporelle séparant ce qui procède de l'approvisionnement du réseau et de l'invocation permettant à la solution d'être extensible et applicable à grande échelle et dont les fondements principaux sont : ° Une gestion des files d'attentes et du multiplexage par espacement comme discipline de service universel garantissant un délai, une gigue et un taux de perte faible tout en respectant la caractéristique temporelle intrinsèque de chaque application, ° Une gestion par classes de services approvisionnées par MPLS-DiffServ-TE à l'intra et à l'inter domaine durant le processus de commande / livraison, ° Une admission d'appel pour protéger les ressources affectées aux classes de services durant le processus d'invocation, ° Et une intégration de la gestion de la QoS multiservices dans une architecture multi technologies

Actas da 10ª Conferência sobre Redes de Computadores

Universidade do MinhoCCTCCentro AlgoritmiCisco SystemsIEEE Portugal Sectio

Proxy PNNI Augmented Routing (Proxy PAR)

: ATM networks often carry other popular communication protocols such as TCP/IP. LAN emulation techniques, with LANE and MPOA being the most prominent ones, make it possible to support existing applications, but do not take advantage of many ATM capabilities. Furthermore, such server-based solutions often suffer from single point of failure problems. PNNI Augmented Routing (PAR), based on Private Network-Network Interface (PNNI), enables ATM and TCP/IP to be better integrated than in an emulation environment. In addition to that, Proxy PAR has been introduced as minimal version of PAR that gives ATMattached devices the ability to interact with PNNI devices without the complexity associated with a full PAR implementation. Proxy PAR has been conceived as a client/server interaction in which the client side is much simpler than the server side, permitting fast implementation and deployment in existing IPv4 devices. The main purpose of Proxy PAR is to allow non-ATM devices to use the flood..

Air Traffic Management Abbreviation Compendium

As in all fields of work, an unmanageable number of abbreviations are used today in aviation for terms, definitions, commands, standards and technical descriptions. This applies in general to the areas of aeronautical communication, navigation and surveillance, cockpit and air traffic control working positions, passenger and cargo transport, and all other areas of flight planning, organization and guidance. In addition, many abbreviations are used more than once or have different meanings in different languages. In order to obtain an overview of the most common abbreviations used in air traffic management, organizations like EUROCONTROL, FAA, DWD and DLR have published lists of abbreviations in the past, which have also been enclosed in this document. In addition, abbreviations from some larger international projects related to aviation have been included to provide users with a directory as complete as possible. This means that the second edition of the Air Traffic Management Abbreviation Compendium includes now around 16,500 abbreviations and acronyms from the field of aviation