First Steps Towards an Ethics of Robots and Artificial Intelligence

This article offers an overview of the main first-order ethical questions raised by robots and Artificial Intelligence (RAIs) under five broad rubrics: functionality, inherent significance, rights and responsibilities, side-effects, and threats. The first letter of each rubric taken together conveniently generates the acronym FIRST. Special attention is given to the rubrics of functionality and inherent significance given the centrality of the former and the tendency to neglect the latter in virtue of its somewhat nebulous and contested character. In addition to exploring some illustrative issues arising under each rubric, the article also emphasizes a number of more general themes. These include: the multiplicity of interacting levels on which ethical questions about RAIs arise, the need to recognise that RAIs potentially implicate the full gamut of human values (rather than exclusively or primarily some readily identifiable sub-set of ethical or legal principles), and the need for practically salient ethical reflection on RAIs to be informed by a realistic appreciation of their existing and foreseeable capacities

Combating Loneliness with Artificial Intelligence: An AI-Based Emotional Support Model

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems, such as AI companions, have been increasingly used to meet the needs of individuals who experience loneliness. In this current study, we sought to identify the mechanism underlying human-AI interactions in the mental health context. We use a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) approach to analyze a sample of user-generated content consisting of rich data on AI companion app’s reviews over a two-year period. We extracted five positive topics (i.e., perceived humanness, perceived emotional support, perceived AI’s friendship, perceived (less) loneliness, and mental health benefits) and four negative topics (i.e., perceived lack of conscientiousness, perceived incredibility, perceived violation of privacy, and perceived creepiness of AI) from our analysis. Our AI-based emotional support model suggests that these positive and negative characteristics are interrelated. Our study provides an understanding of the relationship between AI companions and human users in light of research showing the effectiveness of an AI-based intervention for mental health care

Spartan Daily, October 24, 1944

Volume 33, Issue 14https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/spartandaily/10974/thumbnail.jp

Chief Justice Robots

Say an AI program someday passes a Turing test, because it can con-verse in a way indistinguishable from a human. And say that its develop-ers can then teach it to converse—and even present an extended persua-sive argument—in a way indistinguishable from the sort of human we call a “lawyer.” The program could thus become an AI brief-writer, ca-pable of regularly winning brief-writing competitions against human lawyers. Once that happens (if it ever happens), this Essay argues, the same technology can be used to create AI judges, judges that we should accept as no less reliable (and more cost-effective) than human judges. If the software can create persuasive opinions, capable of regularly winning opinion-writing competitions against human judges—and if it can be adequately protected against hacking and similar attacks—we should in principle accept it as a judge, even if the opinions do not stem from human judgment

"World Community Interest" Approach to Interim Measures on "Robot Weapons": Revisiting the nuclear test cases

Forty-four years after the ICJ provisional measures orders in the Nuclear Test Cases requesting France stop atmospheric nuclear weapons testing in the South Pacific, we are facing another deadly threat from the use and development of "robot weapons". Back in the 1970s nuclear weapons were seen as the new frontier in state defensive capability, just as "robot weapons" are today. The ICJ set a precedent for using provisional measures to prevent harm caused by new weapons technology. The orders under art 41 ICJ Statute requested France to avoid nuclear tests causing the deposit of radioactive fall-out on Australian and New Zealand territories. The Nuclear Test Cases are instructive on how the Court may deal with new weapons technology, providing clarification on an urgent basis while a case is pending. Although provisional measures were ordered only in relation to atmospheric tests, the ICJ remains the only international judicial body to have ordered cessation of nuclear tests pending a case. In contrast, individual complaints before the HRC and the ECtHR were refused provisional measures to prevent nuclear tests

A Study of Social Chatbots Affordances Mitigating Loneliness

Loneliness is a significant concern and is linked to negative health outcomes such as depression and anxiety. Chatbots are gaining attention as potential companions to militate against loneliness. However, IS studies on the effects of human-AI relationships on mental wellness are limited, leaving unclear what enables humans to find companionship and intimate relationships with chatbots, and under what conditions human-chatbot interaction can alleviate loneliness. This study aims to develop a model of how chatbots alleviate loneliness and test it using a longitudinal study. Specifically, this research argues that shared identity affordance and social support affordance help mitigate loneliness directly and indirectly through enhanced intimacy feeling. The effects of chatbots’ affordances on loneliness and intimacy depend on users’ emotion regulation beliefs. Upon successful completion, this research has the potential to offer insight into the design of chatbots and how to leverage AI for social good

CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES IN SPARE PARTS MOVIES

This research aims to analyse the values of education contained in the movie "Spare Parts" which can be used as a source in the aspect of education in everyday life. This type of research is the study of libraries, using a qualitative descriptive approach. The primary data source on this study was to observe directly the movie "Spare Parts". Data collection techniques by watching, recording and studying literature. The results showed that there were character education values contained in the film Spare Parts. The values of character education in the movie Spare Parts can be understood from the dialogue and scenes played by the players. Spare Parts Movie has many meanings about the character education in it, which the author of the Raangkum include the values of discipline, hard work, creative, curiosity, appreciating achievement, friendly/communicative. The meaning of the FIM will be very relevant in education, especially in Indonesia, that is a character education. This Film can be used as a learning medium aimed at character building