2,208 research outputs found
Internet of Things-aided Smart Grid: Technologies, Architectures, Applications, Prototypes, and Future Research Directions
Traditional power grids are being transformed into Smart Grids (SGs) to
address the issues in existing power system due to uni-directional information
flow, energy wastage, growing energy demand, reliability and security. SGs
offer bi-directional energy flow between service providers and consumers,
involving power generation, transmission, distribution and utilization systems.
SGs employ various devices for the monitoring, analysis and control of the
grid, deployed at power plants, distribution centers and in consumers' premises
in a very large number. Hence, an SG requires connectivity, automation and the
tracking of such devices. This is achieved with the help of Internet of Things
(IoT). IoT helps SG systems to support various network functions throughout the
generation, transmission, distribution and consumption of energy by
incorporating IoT devices (such as sensors, actuators and smart meters), as
well as by providing the connectivity, automation and tracking for such
devices. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey on IoT-aided SG
systems, which includes the existing architectures, applications and prototypes
of IoT-aided SG systems. This survey also highlights the open issues,
challenges and future research directions for IoT-aided SG systems
Separation Framework: An Enabler for Cooperative and D2D Communication for Future 5G Networks
Soaring capacity and coverage demands dictate that future cellular networks
need to soon migrate towards ultra-dense networks. However, network
densification comes with a host of challenges that include compromised energy
efficiency, complex interference management, cumbersome mobility management,
burdensome signaling overheads and higher backhaul costs. Interestingly, most
of the problems, that beleaguer network densification, stem from legacy
networks' one common feature i.e., tight coupling between the control and data
planes regardless of their degree of heterogeneity and cell density.
Consequently, in wake of 5G, control and data planes separation architecture
(SARC) has recently been conceived as a promising paradigm that has potential
to address most of aforementioned challenges. In this article, we review
various proposals that have been presented in literature so far to enable SARC.
More specifically, we analyze how and to what degree various SARC proposals
address the four main challenges in network densification namely: energy
efficiency, system level capacity maximization, interference management and
mobility management. We then focus on two salient features of future cellular
networks that have not yet been adapted in legacy networks at wide scale and
thus remain a hallmark of 5G, i.e., coordinated multipoint (CoMP), and
device-to-device (D2D) communications. After providing necessary background on
CoMP and D2D, we analyze how SARC can particularly act as a major enabler for
CoMP and D2D in context of 5G. This article thus serves as both a tutorial as
well as an up to date survey on SARC, CoMP and D2D. Most importantly, the
article provides an extensive outlook of challenges and opportunities that lie
at the crossroads of these three mutually entangled emerging technologies.Comment: 28 pages, 11 figures, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 201
IEEE 1588 High Accuracy Default Profile: Applications and Challenges
Highly accurate synchronization has become a major requirement because of the rise of
distributed applications, regulatory requests and position, navigation and timing backup needs. This fact
has led to the development of new technologies which fulfill the new requirements in terms of accuracy
and dependability. Nevertheless, some of these novel proposals have lacked determinism, robustness,
interoperability, deployability, scalability or management tools preventing them to be extensively used in real
industrial scenarios. Different segments require accurate timing information over a large number of nodes.
Due to the high availability and low price of global satellite-based time references, many critical distributed
facilities depend on them. However, the vulnerability to jamming or spoofing represents a well-known
threat and back-up systems need to be deployed to mitigate it. The recently approved draft standard IEEE
1588-2019 includes the High Accuracy Default Precision Time Protocol Profile which is intensively based on
the White Rabbit protocol. White Rabbit is an extension of current IEEE 1588-2008 network synchronization
protocol for sub-nanosecond synchronization. This approach has been validated and intensively used
during the last years. This paper revises the pre-standard protocol to expose the challenges that the High
Accuracy profile will find after its release and covers existing applications, promising deployments and
the technological roadmap, providing hints and an overview of features to be studied. The authors review
different issues that have prevented the industrial adoption of White Rabbit in the past and introduce the
latest developments that will facilitate the next IEEE 1588 High Accuracy extensive adoption.This work was supported in part by the AMIGA6 under Grant AYA2015-65973-C3-2-R, in part by the AMIGA7 under Grant
RTI2018-096228-B-C32, and in part by the Torres Quevedo under Grant PTQ2018-010198
Software Defined Networks based Smart Grid Communication: A Comprehensive Survey
The current power grid is no longer a feasible solution due to
ever-increasing user demand of electricity, old infrastructure, and reliability
issues and thus require transformation to a better grid a.k.a., smart grid
(SG). The key features that distinguish SG from the conventional electrical
power grid are its capability to perform two-way communication, demand side
management, and real time pricing. Despite all these advantages that SG will
bring, there are certain issues which are specific to SG communication system.
For instance, network management of current SG systems is complex, time
consuming, and done manually. Moreover, SG communication (SGC) system is built
on different vendor specific devices and protocols. Therefore, the current SG
systems are not protocol independent, thus leading to interoperability issue.
Software defined network (SDN) has been proposed to monitor and manage the
communication networks globally. This article serves as a comprehensive survey
on SDN-based SGC. In this article, we first discuss taxonomy of advantages of
SDNbased SGC.We then discuss SDN-based SGC architectures, along with case
studies. Our article provides an in-depth discussion on routing schemes for
SDN-based SGC. We also provide detailed survey of security and privacy schemes
applied to SDN-based SGC. We furthermore present challenges, open issues, and
future research directions related to SDN-based SGC.Comment: Accepte
10 Gigabit White Rabbit: sub-nanosecond timing and data distribution
Time synchronization is a critical feature for many scientific facilities and industrial
infrastructures. The required performance is progressively increasing everyday, for instance, few tens of
nanoseconds for Fifth Generation (5G) networks or sub-nanosecond accuracy on next family of particle
accelerators and astrophysics telescopes. Due to this exigent accuracy, many applications require specific
timing dedicated networks, increasing the system cost and complexity. Under this context, the new IEEE
1588-2019 High Accuracy (HA) default profile is intensively based on White Rabbit (WR) which can
provide sub-nanosecond accurate synchronization for Ethernet networks. However, current WR solutions
have not been designed to work properly with high data bandwidth delivery services even in 1 Gigabit
Ethernet (GbE) links. On this contribution, the authors propose a new architecture design that enables WR
and, consequently, the IEEE 1588-2019 HA profile to be deployed over 10 GbE links solving the already
identified data bandwidth problem. Furthermore, this work addresses different experiments needed to
characterize the system performance in terms of time synchronization and data transfer. As final result, this
contribution presents for the first time in the literature a new WR system which allows high bandwidth data
exchange in 10 GbE networks while providing sub-nanosecond accuracy synchronization. The proposed
solution maintains the time synchronization performance of existing WR 1 GbE devices with significant
advantages in terms of latency and data bandwidth, enabling its deployment in applications that integrate
data and synchronization information in the same network.European Union (EU)
725490H2020 ASTERICS
653477AMIGA7
RTI2018-096228-B-C3
Industrial networks and IIoT: Now and future trends
Connectivity is the one word summary for Industry 4.0 revolution. The importance of Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial IoT (IIoT) have been increased dramatically with the rise of industrialization and industry 4.0. As new opportunities bring their own challenges, with the massive interconnected devices of the IIoT, cyber security of those networks and privacy of their users have become an important aspect. Specifically, intrusion detection for industrial networks (IIoT) has great importance. For instance, it is a key factor in improving the safe operation of the smart grid systems yet protecting the privacy of the consumers at the same time. In the same manner, data streaming is a valid option when the analysis is to be pushed from the cloud to the fog for industrial networks to provide agile response, since it brings the advantage of fast action on intrusion detection and also can buy time for intrusion mitigation. In order to dive deep in industrial networks, basic ground needs to be settled. Hence, this chapter serves in this manner, by presenting basic and emerging technologies along with ideas and discussions: First, an introduction of semiconductor evolution is provided along with the up-to-date hi-tech wired/wireless communication solutions for industrial networks. This is followed by a thorough representation of future trends in industrial environments. More importantly, enabling technologies for industrial networks is also presented. Finally, the chapter is concluded with a summary of the presentations along with future projections of IIoT networks
5G Outlook – Innovations and Applications
5G Outlook - Innovations and Applications is a collection of the recent research and development in the area of the Fifth Generation Mobile Technology (5G), the future of wireless communications. Plenty of novel ideas and knowledge of the 5G are presented in this book as well as divers applications from health science to business modeling. The authors of different chapters contributed from various countries and organizations. The chapters have also been presented at the 5th IEEE 5G Summit held in Aalborg on July 1, 2016. The book starts with a comprehensive introduction on 5G and its need and requirement. Then millimeter waves as a promising spectrum to 5G technology is discussed. The book continues with the novel and inspiring ideas for the future wireless communication usage and network. Further, some technical issues in signal processing and network design for 5G are presented. Finally, the book ends up with different applications of 5G in distinct areas. Topics widely covered in this book are: • 5G technology from past to present to the future• Millimeter- waves and their characteristics• Signal processing and network design issues for 5G• Applications, business modeling and several novel ideas for the future of 5
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