Linear Protection Schemes Analysis in Scattered Placement Fiber-To-The Home-Passive Optical Network Using Customer Access Protection Unit Solution

<STRONG>Problem statement:</STRONG> This study highlights on restoration scheme proposed against failure in working line at the drop region for Fiber-To-The Home (FTTH) with a Passive Optical Network (PON). Whereas PON is a system that brings optical fiber cable and signals all or most of the way to the end user.<STRONG> Approach:</STRONG> Survivability scheme against failure is focused on scattered residence architectures and it is applied in the ring and tree topology respectively by means of Customer Access Protection Unit (CAPU). CAPU will be installed before the ONU and ensure the signal will find the alternative path when failure occurs at the specific line. Our proposal scheme is low cost and applicable to any residence architecture. The advantage of this scheme is the failure at fiber line can be recovered until three levels to make sure the optic signal flow continuously to avoid any application disturbance. Two type of restoration scheme is proposed by means of linear protection (tree) and migrated protection (ring). FTTH based network design is simulated by using Opti System 7.0 in order to investigate the power output and BER performance at each node in the tree and ring protection scheme in scattered placement. This study we perform an analysis on linear protection scheme that consisting of two model a) Line to Line (L2L) protection and CAPU to CAPU (C2C) or Shared protection. However the migration of tree to ring topology to enable the signal flow continuously in the case of failure occurs specifically in random or scattered placement topology has been highlighted in our previous publication. <STRONG>Results:</STRONG> The signal will be divided into section; drop and pass through and the ratio is significant to determine the number of user allowed and achievable distance. Output power for optical nodes could be slightly improved by varying the pass through and drop signal ratio. <STRONG>Conclusion:</STRONG> Our proposal is the first reported up to this time in which the upstream signal flows in anticlockwise in ring topology when the restoration scheme activated

Application of Fiber Ring for Protection of Passive Optical Infrastructure

Today, passive optical networks (PONs) are mostly used as modern high-speed access networks for various applications. However, there are also several specific applications, such as in business, office, army or science sector, which require a complex protection and backup system against failures and malfunctions. Typically, tree or star topologies are used for passive optical networks PONs. These topologies are vulnerable mainly against the failures of central optical line termination (OLT) unit. This paper presents an innovative method for protecting PONs by using ring topologies, especially the OLT unit. The method is described in the article, and an elementary mathematical model for calculations of asymmetric passive optical splitters together with an example is included as well

Benchmarking and viability assessment of optical packet switching for metro networks

Optical packet switching (OPS) has been proposed as a strong candidate for future metro networks. This paper assesses the viability of an OPS-based ring architecture as proposed within the research project DAVID (Data And Voice Integration on DWDM), funded by the European Commission through the Information Society Technologies (IST) framework. Its feasibility is discussed from a physical-layer point of view, and its limitations in size are explored. Through dimensioning studies, we show that the proposed OPS architecture is competitive with respect to alternative metropolitan area network (MAN) approaches, including synchronous digital hierarchy, resilient packet rings (RPR), and star-based Ethernet. Finally, the proposed OPS architectures are discussed from a logical performance point of view, and a high-quality scheduling algorithm to control the packet-switching operations in the rings is explained

Access and metro network convergence for flexible end-to-end network design

This paper reports on the architectural, protocol, physical layer, and integrated testbed demonstrations carried out by the DISCUS FP7 consortium in the area of access - metro network convergence. Our architecture modeling results show the vast potential for cost and power savings that node consolidation can bring. The architecture, however, also recognizes the limits of long-reach transmission for low-latency 5G services and proposes ways to address such shortcomings in future projects. The testbed results, which have been conducted end-to-end, across access - metro and core, and have targeted all the layers of the network from the application down to the physical layer, show the practical feasibility of the concepts proposed in the project

Trade-off between end-to-end reliable and cost-effective TDMA/WDM passive optical networks

Hybrid TDMA/VVDM (TWDM) Passive Optical Network (PON) is a promising candidate for Next-Generation PON (NG-PON) solutions. We propose end-to end reliable architectures for business users and a cost-effective network for residential users. We evaluate the proposed reliable architectures in terms of protection coverage, connection availability, impact of failure (i.e. to avoid a huge number of end users being affected by any single failure) and cost in different populated scenarios

Redundancy Strategies for a High Splitting Optically Amplified Passive Optical Network

Copyright IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.High splitting, optically amplified, passive optical networks (SuperPONs) are investigated in terms of redundancy provision and protection mechanisms. Options for redundancy, including the important special case of dual homing, are detailed, and it is determined as to which of these options (duplication of the feeder and first distribution section, and N+1 protection of the optical amplifiers in the amplified splitter) would be required to be provided to all attached users to facilitate appropriate availability of the basic telephony service. The distributed amplified splitter dual homing solution is found to outperform the single amplified splitter solution in terms of its survivability. The protection mechanisms necessary to automatically switch to the redundant provision are discussed and it is seen that with the aid of suitable regular precautionary procedures protection switching can generally be provided rapidly (<50 ms). Finally, an availability, and cost versus availability, study confirms the aforementioned redundancy assessment for fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) implementations, but shows fiber-to-the-curb (FTTC) as needing additional redundancyPeer reviewe

Ethernet - a survey on its fields of application

During the last decades, Ethernet progressively became the most widely used local area networking (LAN) technology. Apart from LAN installations, Ethernet became also attractive for many other fields of application, ranging from industry to avionics, telecommunication, and multimedia. The expanded application of this technology is mainly due to its significant assets like reduced cost, backward-compatibility, flexibility, and expandability. However, this new trend raises some problems concerning the services of the protocol and the requirements for each application. Therefore, specific adaptations prove essential to integrate this communication technology in each field of application. Our primary objective is to show how Ethernet has been enhanced to comply with the specific requirements of several application fields, particularly in transport, embedded and multimedia contexts. The paper first describes the common Ethernet LAN technology and highlights its main features. It reviews the most important specific Ethernet versions with respect to each application field’s requirements. Finally, we compare these different fields of application and we particularly focus on the fundamental concepts and the quality of service capabilities of each proposal