199 research outputs found
PriLok: Citizen-protecting distributed epidemic tracing
Contact tracing is an important instrument for national health services to
fight epidemics. As part of the COVID-19 situation, many proposals have been
made for scaling up contract tracing capacities with the help of smartphone
applications, an important but highly critical endeavor due to the privacy
risks involved in such solutions. Extending our previously expressed concern,
we clearly articulate in this article, the functional and non-functional
requirements that any solution has to meet, when striving to serve, not mere
collections of individuals, but the whole of a nation, as required in face of
such potentially dangerous epidemics. We present a critical information
infrastructure, PriLock, a fully-open preliminary architecture proposal and
design draft for privacy preserving contact tracing, which we believe can be
constructed in a way to fulfill the former requirements. Our architecture
leverages the existing regulated mobile communication infrastructure and builds
upon the concept of "checks and balances", requiring a majority of independent
players to agree to effect any operation on it, thus preventing abuse of the
highly sensitive information that must be collected and processed for efficient
contact tracing. This is enforced with a largely decentralised layout and
highly resilient state-of-the-art technology, which we explain in the paper,
finishing by giving a security, dependability and resilience analysis, showing
how it meets the defined requirements, even while the infrastructure is under
attack
PriLok:Citizen-protecting distributed epidemic tracing
Contact tracing is an important instrument for national health services to fight epidemics. As part of the COVID-19 situation, many proposals have been made for scaling up contract tracing capacities with the help of smartphone applications, an important but highly critical endeavor due to the privacy risks involved in such solutions. Extending our previously expressed concern, we clearly articulate in this article, the functional and non-functional requirements that any solution has to meet, when striving to serve, not mere collections of individuals, but the whole of a nation, as required in face of such potentially dangerous epidemics. We present a critical information infrastructure, PriLock, a fully-open preliminary architecture proposal and design draft for privacy preserving contact tracing, which we believe can be constructed in a way to fulfill the former requirements. Our architecture leverages the existing regulated mobile communication infrastructure and builds upon the concept of "checks and balances", requiring a majority of independent players to agree to effect any operation on it, thus preventing abuse of the highly sensitive information that must be collected and processed for efficient contact tracing. This is enforced with a largely decentralised layout and highly resilient state-of-the-art technology, which we explain in the paper, finishing by giving a security, dependability and resilience analysis, showing how it meets the defined requirements, even while the infrastructure is under attack
Resource Allocation in Networking and Computing Systems: A Security and Dependability Perspective
In recent years, there has been a trend to integrate networking and computing systems, whose management is getting increasingly complex. Resource allocation is one of the crucial aspects of managing such systems and is affected by this increased complexity. Resource allocation strategies aim to effectively maximize performance, system utilization, and profit by considering virtualization technologies, heterogeneous resources, context awareness, and other features. In such complex scenario, security and dependability are vital concerns that need to be considered in future computing and networking systems in order to provide the future advanced services, such as mission-critical applications. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of existing literature that considers security and dependability for resource allocation in computing and networking systems. The current research works are categorized by considering the allocated type of resources for different technologies, scenarios, issues, attributes, and solutions. The paper presents the research works on resource allocation that includes security and dependability, both singularly and jointly. The future research directions on resource allocation are also discussed. The paper shows how there are only a few works that, even singularly, consider security and dependability in resource allocation in the future computing and networking systems and highlights the importance of jointly considering security and dependability and the need for intelligent, adaptive and robust solutions. This paper aims to help the researchers effectively consider security and dependability in future networking and computing systems.publishedVersio
Efficient, Dependable Storage of Human Genome Sequencing Data
A compreensão do genoma humano impacta várias áreas da vida. Os dados oriundos do genoma humano são enormes pois existem milhões de amostras a espera de serem sequenciadas e cada genoma humano sequenciado pode ocupar centenas de gigabytes de espaço de armazenamento. Os genomas humanos são crÃticos porque são extremamente valiosos para a investigação e porque podem fornecer informações delicadas sobre o estado de saúde dos indivÃduos, identificar os seus dadores ou até mesmo revelar informações sobre os parentes destes. O tamanho e a criticidade destes genomas, para além da quantidade de dados produzidos por instituições médicas e de ciências da vida, exigem que os sistemas informáticos sejam escaláveis, ao mesmo tempo que sejam seguros, confiáveis, auditáveis e com custos acessÃveis. As infraestruturas de armazenamento existentes são tão caras que não nos permitem ignorar a eficiência de custos no armazenamento de genomas humanos, assim como em geral estas não possuem o conhecimento e os mecanismos adequados para proteger a privacidade dos dadores de amostras biológicas. Esta tese propõe um sistema de armazenamento de genomas humanos eficiente, seguro e auditável para instituições médicas e de ciências da vida. Ele aprimora os ecossistemas de armazenamento tradicionais com técnicas de privacidade, redução do tamanho dos dados e auditabilidade a fim de permitir o uso eficiente e confiável de infraestruturas públicas de computação em nuvem para armazenar genomas humanos. As contribuições desta tese incluem (1) um estudo sobre a sensibilidade à privacidade dos genomas humanos; (2) um método para detetar sistematicamente as porções dos genomas que são sensÃveis à privacidade; (3) algoritmos de redução do tamanho de dados, especializados para dados de genomas sequenciados; (4) um esquema de auditoria independente para armazenamento disperso e seguro de dados; e (5) um fluxo de armazenamento completo que obtém garantias razoáveis de proteção, segurança e confiabilidade a custos modestos (por exemplo, menos de 1/Genome/Year) by integrating the proposed mechanisms with appropriate storage configurations
A manifesto for future generation cloud computing: research directions for the next decade
The Cloud computing paradigm has revolutionised the computer science horizon during the past decade and has enabled the emergence of computing as the fifth utility. It has captured significant attention of academia, industries, and government bodies. Now, it has emerged as the backbone of modern economy by offering subscription-based services anytime, anywhere following a pay-as-you-go model. This has instigated (1) shorter establishment times for start-ups, (2) creation of scalable global enterprise applications, (3) better cost-to-value associativity for scientific and high performance computing applications, and (4) different invocation/execution models for pervasive and ubiquitous applications. The recent technological developments and paradigms such as serverless computing, software-defined networking, Internet of Things, and processing at network edge are creating new opportunities for Cloud computing. However, they are also posing several new challenges and creating the need for new approaches and research strategies, as well as the re-evaluation of the models that were developed to address issues such as scalability, elasticity, reliability, security, sustainability, and application models. The proposed manifesto addresses them by identifying the major open challenges in Cloud computing, emerging trends, and impact areas. It then offers research directions for the next decade, thus helping in the realisation of Future Generation Cloud Computing
Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Sustainable Ultrascale Computing Systems (NESUS 2015) Krakow, Poland
Proceedings of: Second International Workshop on Sustainable Ultrascale Computing Systems (NESUS 2015). Krakow (Poland), September 10-11, 2015
Strategies of development and maintenance in supervision, control, synchronization, data acquisition and processing in light sources
Programa Oficial de Doutoramento en TecnoloxÃas da Información e as Comunicacións. 5032V01[Resumo]
Os aceleradores de partÃculas e fontes de luz sincrotrón, evolucionan constantemente para estar
na vangarda da tecnoloxÃa, levando os lÃmites cada vez mais lonxe para explorar novos
dominios e universos. Os sistemas de control son unha parte crucial desas instalacións
cientÃficas e buscan logra-la flexibilidade de manobra para poder facer experimentos moi
variados, con configuracións diferentes que engloban moitos tipos de detectores,
procedementos, mostras a estudar e contornas.
As propostas de experimento son cada vez máis ambiciosas e van sempre un paso por diante
do establecido. PrecÃsanse detectores cada volta máis rápidos e eficientes, con máis ancho de
banda e con máis resolución. Tamén é importante a operación simultánea de varios detectores
tanto escalares como mono ou bidimensionáis, con mecanismos de sincronización de precisión
que integren as singularidades de cada un.
Este traballo estuda as solucións existentes no campo dos sistemas de control e adquisición de
datos nos aceleradores de partÃculas e fontes de luz e raios X, ó tempo que explora novos
requisitos e retos no que respecta á sincronización e velocidade de adquisición de datos para
novos experimentos, a optimización do deseño, soporte, xestión de servizos e custos de
operación. Tamén se estudan diferentes solucións adaptadas a cada contorna.[Resumen] Los aceleradores de partÃculas y fuentes de luz sincrotrón, evolucionan constantemente para
estar en la vanguardia de la tecnologÃa, y poder explorar nuevos dominios. Los sistemas de
control son una parte fundamental de esas instalaciones cientÃficas y buscan lograr la máxima
flexibilidad para poder llevar a cabo experimentos más variados, con configuraciones
diferentes que engloban varios tipos de detectores, procedimientos, muestras a estudiar y
entornos.
Los experimentos se proponen cada vez más ambiciosos y en ocasiones más allá de los lÃmites
establecidos. Se necesitan detectores cada vez más rápidos y eficientes, con más resolución y
ancho de banda, que puedan sincronizarse simultáneamente con otros detectores tanto escalares
como mono y bidimensionales, integrando las singularidades de cada uno y homogeneizando
la adquisición de datos.
Este trabajo estudia los sistemas de control y adquisición de datos de aceleradores de partÃculas
y fuentes de luz y rayos X, y explora nuevos requisitos y retos en lo que respecta a la
sincronización y velocidad de adquisición de datos, optimización y costo-eficiencia en el
diseño, operación soporte, mantenimiento y gestión de servicios. También se estudian diferentes soluciones adaptadas a cada entorno.[Abstract]
Particle accelerators and photon sources are constantly evolving, attaining the cutting-edge
technologies to push the limits forward and explore new domains. The control systems are a crucial
part of these installations and are required to provide flexible solutions to the new
challenging experiments, with different kinds of detectors, setups, sample environments and
procedures.
Experiment proposals are more and more ambitious at each call and go often a step beyond the
capabilities of the instrumentation. Detectors shall be faster, with higher efficiency,
more resolution, more bandwidth and able to synchronize with other detectors of all kinds; scalars,
one or two-dimensional, taking into account their singularities and homogenizing the
data acquisition.
This work examines the control and data acquisition systems for particle accelerators and X- ray /
light sources and explores new requirements and challenges regarding synchronization and data
acquisition bandwidth, optimization and cost-efficiency in the design / operation / support. It
also studies different solutions depending on the environment
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