Security Policies as Membranes in Systems for Global Computing

We propose a simple global computing framework, whose main concern is code migration. Systems are structured in sites, and each site is divided into two parts: a computing body, and a membrane which regulates the interactions between the computing body and the external environment. More precisely, membranes are filters which control access to the associated site, and they also rely on the well-established notion of trust between sites. We develop a basic theory to express and enforce security policies via membranes. Initially, these only control the actions incoming agents intend to perform locally. We then adapt the basic theory to encompass more sophisticated policies, where the number of actions an agent wants to perform, and also their order, are considered

Environmental Regulation and the Export Dynamics of Energy Technologies

The pollution haven hypothesis affirms that an open market regime will encourage the flow of low technology polluting industries toward developing countries, due to potential comparative advantages related to low environmental standards. In contrast, the hypothesis suggested by Porter and van der Linde claims for a competitive dynamic behaviour by innovating firms, allowing a global diffusion of environmental-friendly technologies. Environmental regulation may represent a relevant mechanism through which technological change is induced. In this way countries subject to more stringent environmental regulations may become net exporters of environmental technologies. This paper provides new evidence on the evolution of export flows of environmental technologies across different countries for the energy sector. Advanced economies, particularly the European Union, have given increasing attention to the role of energy policies as tools for sustaining the development path. The Kyoto Protocol commitments, together with growing import dependence of energy products, have stimulated the attention on the analysis of innovation processes in this specific sector. The analysis uses a gravity model in order to test the determinants and the transmission channels through which environmental technologies for renewable energies and energy efficiency are exported to advanced and developing countries. Our results are consistent with the existence of the Porter and van der Linde hypothesis, where environmental regulation represents a significant component of comparative advantages. What strongly emerges is that the stringency of environmental regulation supplemented by the strength of National Innovation System is a crucial driver of export performance in the field of energy technologies.Environmental Regulation, Trade and Environment, Energy Technologies

The sociology of trusted systems: the episteme and judgment of a technology (NIRSA) Working Paper Series. No.46

The goal of this paper is that of taking a first step toward a socio-technical conceptualization of trusted systems. In our view this might help in overcoming interdisciplinary differences and enhancing a common vocabulary for discussing trust issues for the Future of the Internet. In particular our main research question is to understand “to what extent and in which forms existing trusted systems embody social assumptions?” In order to answer this question we propose a new definition of Trusted Systems as situated Episteme: an apparatus of devices that set the conditions of possibility of certain practices while denying other practices. The conceptualization is augmented using the concept of technological mediation taken from the approach known as Actor-Network Theory (ANT). Our approach takes at its starting point the idea that it is possible to use sociological (from ANT) concepts to analyse and investigate the basic elements of Trusted Systems. This analysis opens up new possibilities for the sociological enquiry of Trust on a more micro, socio-technical level. In particular the paper puts forward the idea of Trust as result of the system design

The sociology of trusted systems: the episteme and judgment of a technology (NIRSA) Working Paper Series. No.46

The goal of this paper is that of taking a first step toward a socio-technical conceptualization of trusted systems. In our view this might help in overcoming interdisciplinary differences and enhancing a common vocabulary for discussing trust issues for the Future of the Internet. In particular our main research question is to understand “to what extent and in which forms existing trusted systems embody social assumptions?” In order to answer this question we propose a new definition of Trusted Systems as situated Episteme: an apparatus of devices that set the conditions of possibility of certain practices while denying other practices. The conceptualization is augmented using the concept of technological mediation taken from the approach known as Actor-Network Theory (ANT). Our approach takes at its starting point the idea that it is possible to use sociological (from ANT) concepts to analyse and investigate the basic elements of Trusted Systems. This analysis opens up new possibilities for the sociological enquiry of Trust on a more micro, socio-technical level. In particular the paper puts forward the idea of Trust as result of the system design

Distance isn’t dead : An empirical evaluation of food miles-based preference changes

Food miles measure the distance food travels to reach consumers plates. Although substituting local food for imported produce will not necessarily reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the food miles movement is an intuitively appealing idea to consumers and supported by import-competing producers. We investigate the economic implications of food miles-induced preference changes in Europe using a global, economy-wide model. We observe large welfare losses for New Zealand and several Sub-Saharan African nations. This suggests that food miles campaigns will increase global inequality without necessarily improving environmental outcomes. We then consider the implications of our results for New Zealand businesses and government agencies. We conclude that there is an ongoing requirement for careful monitoring of offshore consumer trends and that New Zealand firms need to demonstrate their sustainability credentials to avoid suffering negative demand shocks.food miles, non-tariff barriers, trade protection

Information Extraction, Data Integration, and Uncertain Data Management: The State of The Art

Information Extraction, data Integration, and uncertain data management are different areas of research that got vast focus in the last two decades. Many researches tackled those areas of research individually. However, information extraction systems should have integrated with data integration methods to make use of the extracted information. Handling uncertainty in extraction and integration process is an important issue to enhance the quality of the data in such integrated systems. This article presents the state of the art of the mentioned areas of research and shows the common grounds and how to integrate information extraction and data integration under uncertainty management cover

At Home and Abroad: An Empirical Analysis of Innovation and Diffusion in Energy-Efficient Technologies

This paper contributes to the induced innovation literature by extending the analysis of supply and demand determinants of innovation in energy-efficient technologies to account for international knowledge flows and spillovers. In the first part of the paper we select a sample of 38 innovating countries and we study how knowledge related to energy-efficient technologies flows across geographical and technological space. We demonstrate that higher geographical and technological distances are associated with a lower probability of knowledge flow. In the second part of the paper, we use our previous estimates to construct stocks of internal and external knowledge for a panel of 17 countries and present an econometric analysis of the supply and demand determinants of innovation accounting for international knowledge spillovers. Our results confirm the role of demand-pull effects, as proxied by energy prices, as well as that of technological opportunity, as proxied by the knowledge stocks. In particular, this paper provides evidence that spillovers between countries have a significant positive impact on further innovation in energy-efficient technologies.Innovation, Technology Diffusion, Knowledge Spillovers, Energy-Efficient Technologies