40,338 research outputs found

    A New 3D Tool for Planning Plastic Surgery

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    Face plastic surgery (PS) plays a major role in today medicine. Both for reconstructive and cosmetic surgery, achieving harmony of facial features is an important, if not the major goal. Several systems have been proposed for presenting to patient and surgeon possible outcomes of the surgical procedure. In this paper, we present a new 3D system able to automatically suggest, for selected facial features as nose, chin, etc, shapes that aesthetically match the patient's face. The basic idea is suggesting shape changes aimed to approach similar but more harmonious faces. To this goal, our system compares the 3D scan of the patient with a database of scans of harmonious faces, excluding the feature to be corrected. Then, the corresponding features of the k most similar harmonious faces, as well as their average, are suitably pasted onto the patient's face, producing k+1 aesthetically effective surgery simulations. The system has been fully implemented and tested. To demonstrate the system, a 3D database of harmonious faces has been collected and a number of PS treatments have been simulated. The ratings of the outcomes of the simulations, provided by panels of human judges, show that the system and the underlying idea are effectiv

    Let’s Face It: The effect of orthognathic surgery on facial recognition algorithm analysis

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    Aim: To evaluate the ability of a publicly available facial recognition application program interface (API) to calculate similarity scores for pre- and post-surgical photographs of patients undergoing orthognathic surgeries. Our primary objective was to identify which surgical procedure(s) had the greatest effect(s) on similarity score. Methods: Standard treatment progress photographs for 25 retrospectively identified, orthodontic-orthognathic patients were analyzed using the API to calculate similarity scores between the pre- and post-surgical photographs. Photographs from two pre-surgical timepoints were compared as controls. Both relaxed and smiling photographs were included in the study to assess for the added impact of facial pose on similarity score. Surgical procedure(s) performed on each patient, gender, age at time of surgery, and ethnicity were recorded for statistical analysis. Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis Rank Sum Tests were performed to univariately analyze the relationship between each categorical patient characteristic and each recognition score. Multiple comparison Wilcoxon Rank Sum Tests were performed on the subsequent statistically significant characteristics. P-Values were adjusted for using the Bonferroni correction technique. Results: Patients that had surgery on both jaws had a lower median similarity score, when comparing relaxed expressions before and after surgery, compared to those that had surgery only on the mandible (p = 0.014). It was also found that patients receiving LeFort and bilateral sagittal split osteotomies (BSSO) surgeries had a lower median similarity score compared to those that received only BSSO (p = 0.009). For the score comparing relaxed expressions before surgery versus smiling expressions after surgery, patients receiving two-jaw surgeries had lower scores than those that had surgery on only the mandible (p = 0.028). Patients that received LeFort and BSSO surgeries were also found to have lower similarity scores compared to patients that received only BSSO when comparing pre-surgical relaxed photographs to post-surgical smiling photographs (p = 0.036). Conclusions: Two-jaw surgeries were associated with a statistically significant decrease in similarity score when compared to one-jaw procedures. Pose was also found to be a factor influencing similarity scores, especially when comparing pre-surgical relaxed photographs to post-surgical smiling photographs

    A New Computer-aided Technique for Planning the Aesthetic Outcome of Plastic Surgery

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    Plastic surgery plays a major role in today health care. Planning plastic face surgery requires dealing with the elusive concept of attractiveness for evaluating feasible beautification of a particular face. The existing computer tools essentially allow to manually warp 2D images or 3D face scans, in order to produce images simulating possible surgery outcomes. How to manipulate faces, as well as the evaluation of the results, are left to the surgeon's judgement. We propose a new quantitative approach able to automatically suggest effective patient-specific improvements of facial attractiveness. The general idea is to compare the face of the patient with a large database of attractive faces, excluding the facial feature to be improved. Then, the feature of the faces more similar is applied, with a suitable morphing, to the face of the patient. In this paper we present a first application of the general idea in the field of nose surgery. Aesthetically effective rhinoplasty is suggested on the base of the entire face profile, a very important 2D feature for rating face attractivenes

    The analysis of facial beauty: an emerging area of research in pattern analysis

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    Much research presented recently supports the idea that the human perception of attractiveness is data-driven and largely irrespective of the perceiver. This suggests using pattern analysis techniques for beauty analysis. Several scientific papers on this subject are appearing in image processing, computer vision and pattern analysis contexts, or use techniques of these areas. In this paper, we will survey the recent studies on automatic analysis of facial beauty, and discuss research lines and practical application

    New developments in prosthetic arm systems

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    Absence of an upper limb leads to severe impairments in everyday life, which can further influence the social and mental state. For these reasons, early developments in cosmetic and body-driven prostheses date some centuries ago, and they have been evolving ever since. Following the end of the Second World War, rapid developments in technology resulted in powered myoelectric hand prosthetics. In the years to come, these devices were common on the market, though they still suffered high user abandonment rates. The reasons for rejection were trifold - insufficient functionality of the hardware, fragile design, and cumbersome control. In the last decade, both academia and industry have reached major improvements concerning technical features of upper limb prosthetics and methods for their interfacing and control. Advanced robotic hands are offered by several vendors and research groups, with a variety of active and passive wrist options that can be articulated across several degrees of freedom. Nowadays, elbow joint designs include active solutions with different weight and power options. Control features are getting progressively more sophisticated, offering options for multiple sensor integration and multi-joint articulation. Latest developments in socket designs are capable of facilitating implantable and multiple surface electromyography sensors in both traditional and osseointegration-based systems. Novel surgical techniques in combination with modern, sophisticated hardware are enabling restoration of dexterous upper limb functionality. This article is aimed at reviewing the latest state of the upper limb prosthetic market, offering insights on the accompanying technologies and techniques. We also examine the capabilities and features of some of academia’s flagship solutions and methods

    Barnes Hospital Bulletin

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    https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/bjc_barnes_bulletin/1251/thumbnail.jp
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