885,571 research outputs found
Design automation with the characteristics properties model and the property driven design for redesign
This paper presents a framework consisting of a mathematical model and an algorithm for representation, analysis and exploration of the design space in redesign problems. The framework develops and extends the existing formalism of the Characteristics Properties Model (CPM) and Property Driven Design (PDD). A platform independent quantitative model based on formal log-ic is presented to map the characteristics and properties, as well as the relations and dependencies between them, along with solution conditions. The model is based on generalization of existing mathematical design models and is support-ed by the development of an algorithm enabling property driven design. The re-sulting framework offers a rich and flexible syntax and vocabulary along with a mathematical and computational tool applicable to mechanical product design
Coordinated Property Driven Development
Design process models are a central point of interest in engineering design research. Under this discussion, Characteristics-Properties Method/Property-Driven Development (CPM/PDD) has been a popular and widely applied theory for supporting the integration of product modelling and design process modelling. The theory has shown to be useful both in product development and production development. Yet, the theory has not been systematically used as part of continuous improvement of a manufacturing system. This study continues the development of the original theory and applies the theory to continuous improvement of product and production development. Information flow modelling method, that applies CPM/PDD elements, is used in four industrial case studies to coordinate development activity in integrated product and production development environment. As a result, the study proposes a conceptual model for coordinating Property-Driven Development. The theory aims to explain one possible and sustained means to coordinate continuous improvement in a manufacturing system.publishedVersionPeer reviewe
Technology commercialisation and intellectual property rights in Ghana
By an Act of Parliament of the Republic of Ghana, CSIR Act 521 of 1996, the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, CSIR, Ghanaâs main R&D Organisation was re-established with a new mandate to conduct market-oriented, demand-driven research and also to commercialise the research results & technologies developed. The CSIR was tasked to recover three-quarters of its annual operating expenses through contract research and services. Over five years of implementation, what are the experiences? This paper looks at the implementation process, the attitude of research scientists towards the change and the impact of the commercialisation process on the socio-economic development of Ghana. The constraint of commercialisation including inadequate intellectual property laws is discussed. The intellectual property rights protection from the perspective of a developing country is also discussed. Intellectual property-related laws cannot remain static in a world where economic development is becoming increasingly technology-based. Intellectual property laws are going to be more stringent and stricter in the days to come, offering more opportunities and challenges.Intellectual Property Protection; Commercialization; Tripps; Ghana
Information and intellectual property: The global challenges
The paper analyses the contribution of 'golden papers' - seminal works whose ideas remain as fresh and relevant today as when they were first published decades ago - and which continue to dominate academic discourse among successive generations of scholars. The authors analyse why two works written within an industrial development context: The simple economics of basic scientific research, by Richard Nelson (1959) and Kenneth Arrows Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention (1962), are so relevant in todayâs knowledge-driven economic paradigm. Focusing on the papersâ application to current global policy debates on information/knowledge and intellectual property, they argue that while the context has changed the essential nature of innovation - driven by widespread access to the ability to replicate and improve - remains the same. Hence a focus on endogenous innovation policy is as relevant today as it was 50 years ago.knowledge economy, science and technology, innovation, intellectual property rights, institutional change
Policy analysis of shoreline restoration options on private shorelines of Puget Sound
Puget Sound shorelines have historically provided a diversity of habitats that support a variety of aquatic resources throughout the region. These valued natural resources are iconic to the region and remain central to both the economic vitality and community appreciation of Puget Sound. Deterioration of upland and nearshore shoreline habitats, have placed severe stress on many aquatic resources within the region (PSAT, 2007). Since a majority of Washington State shorelines are privately owned, regulatory authority to legislate restoration on private property is limited in scope and frequency. Washington Statesâ Shoreline Management Act (RCW 90.58) requires local jurisdictions to plan for appropriate future shoreline uses. Under the Act, future development can be regulated to protect existing ecological functions, but lost functions cannot be restored without purchase or compensation of restored areas. Therefore, questions remains as to the ecological resilience of the region when considering cumulative effect of existing/ongoing shoreline development constrained by limited shoreline restoration opportunities. In light of these questions, this analysis will explore opportunities to promote restoration on privately owned shorelines within Puget Sound. These efforts are intended to promote more efficient ecosystem management and improve ecosystem-wide ecological functions.
From an economics perspective, results of past shoreline management can generally be characterized as both market and government failure in effectively protecting the publicsâ interest in maintaining healthy shoreline resources. Therefore coastal development has proceeded in spite of negative externalities and market imbalances resulting in inefficient resource management driven by the individual ambitions of private shoreline property owners to develop their property to their highest and best use. Federally derived property rights will protect continuation of existing uses along privately owned shorelines; therefore, a fundamental challenge remains in sustainable management of existing shoreline resources while also restoring ecological functions lost to past mistakes in an effort to increase the ecologic resiliency within the region. (PDF contains 5 pages
Green Technology in Developing Countries: Creating Accessibility Through a Global Exchange Forum
As they pursue economic development, developing countries possess high demand for processes and technologies that have climate-friendly methods or alternatives. However, these nations currently face barriers to entry because of trade policies and intellectual property regulations that render procurement of these technologies cost-prohibitive. In light of the recent breakdown in negotiations at the United Nations climate conference in Bali to remove tariffs on green technology, a new approach to green technology diffusion should be considered in order to balance the demand among developing nations for fluid technology transfers with the profit-driven needs and intellectual property considerations of technology holders. A potential solution to overcome the high fixed costs of technology diffusion could involve the creation of a global exchange forum in which transnational green technology holders, green venture capitalists, and developing country entrepreneurs could broker for efficient allocation of investment, resources, and technologies
Checking property preservation of refining transformations for model-driven development
In Model-Driven Software Development, a software product is created through iteratively refined modelling. It is crucial that this process preserves certain desirable properties of the initial model. However, checking this is increasingly difficult as the models are increasingly more refined. We propose an incremental model checking technique to determine the preservation of safety and liveness properties in models of concurrent systems with respect to changes applied on individual processes, formalised as transformations of Labelled Transition Systems. The preservation check involves checking bisimilarity between transformed and new behaviour, and never involves reexploring unchanged behaviour. We prove its correctness and demonstrate its applicability
Exploring property driven design fabrication through materials testing and software development
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2010.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis. Vita.Includes bibliographical references (p. 33).Since its introduction in the late 1980s, layered manufacturing has become an increasingly efficient and common means to delivering functional and visually representative prototypes in relatively short amounts of time from previously prepared Computer-Aided Design files. However, most layered manufacturing technologies today produce only single material, constant property prototypes from a limited array of materials. In this project, we explore a different approach to layer manufacturing, namely, a layered manufacturing product that, while using a single material, produces an entity of varying material properties. Materials testing of PMCÂź-724 demonstrate the material's capacity to possess a range of Shore A Hardness over a range of elasticity, illustrating the potential for printing with variable property materials. Moreover, we will also explore a new approach to fabrication that challenges the concept of Computer- Aided Manufacturing (CAM) by introducing a software application that, rather than providing a means of digitizing the geometry of a completed design, allows engineers and designers to create and design structures that are defined at various points by their material behavior as opposed to their geometry. As a proof of concept demonstration, a mono-material, variable property shoe sole will be printed using property-mapped polyurethane elastomer PMCÂź-724 with the new software.by Mindy Eng.S.B
ChimpCheck: Property-Based Randomized Test Generation for Interactive Apps
We consider the problem of generating relevant execution traces to test rich
interactive applications. Rich interactive applications, such as apps on mobile
platforms, are complex stateful and often distributed systems where
sufficiently exercising the app with user-interaction (UI) event sequences to
expose defects is both hard and time-consuming. In particular, there is a
fundamental tension between brute-force random UI exercising tools, which are
fully-automated but offer low relevance, and UI test scripts, which are manual
but offer high relevance. In this paper, we consider a middle way---enabling a
seamless fusion of scripted and randomized UI testing. This fusion is
prototyped in a testing tool called ChimpCheck for programming, generating, and
executing property-based randomized test cases for Android apps. Our approach
realizes this fusion by offering a high-level, embedded domain-specific
language for defining custom generators of simulated user-interaction event
sequences. What follows is a combinator library built on industrial strength
frameworks for property-based testing (ScalaCheck) and Android testing (Android
JUnit and Espresso) to implement property-based randomized testing for Android
development. Driven by real, reported issues in open source Android apps, we
show, through case studies, how ChimpCheck enables expressing effective testing
patterns in a compact manner.Comment: 20 pages, 21 figures, Symposium on New ideas, New Paradigms, and
Reflections on Programming and Software (Onward!2017
Requirement- and cost-driven product development process
This paper presents an approach, which enables a cost and requirement driven control of the design process. It is based on the concept of Property-Driven Development (PDD) [WeWD-03]. Integrated in the approach are well established tools like Target Costing and Value Analysis as well as methods of design for requirements. In the authors\u27 approach, the product development process is controlled by an ongoing target/actual (\u27Soll/Ist\u27) comparison between target properties and the state of properties currently achieved. For each property, depending on the fulfilment, quality ratings from the customer\u27s point of view are assigned. The aim of the product development process is the maximisation of the sum of these quality ratings. This aim can be realised based on the PDD approach, because it supports the engineer/designer by explicitly representing the interdependencies between the properties (that have to be optimized) and the characteristics that influence these properties
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