487,554 research outputs found
The Feasibility of Using Expert Systems in the Management of Human Resources
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a decision aid that is being used increasingly in the business world, the expert system, and to begin to examine its potential for human resource management.
First, the expert system technology is reviewed, with a special emphasis on the players, those involved in developing and using the system, and the parts, the three main components of a system. This is followed by an analysis of the costs and benefits and the advantages and disadvantages that have been ascribed to expert systems.
We conclude this initial research endeavor by presenting some preliminary findings which suggest that employees are willing to cooperate with expert systems, even those that require personal information, and that they see some benefits to using expert systems as decision aids
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Applying concepts of fuzzy cognitive mapping to model IT/IS investment evaluation factors
The justification process is a major concern for many organisations that are considering the adoption of Information Technology (IT) and Information Systems (IS), and is a barrier to its implementation. As a result, the competitive advantage of many companies is being put at risk because of management's inability to evaluate the holistic implication of adopting new technology, both in terms of on the benefit and cost portfolios. This paper identifies a number of well-known project appraisal techniques used in IT/IS investment justification. Furthermore, the concept of multivalent, or fuzzy logic, is used to demonstrate how inter-relationships can be modeled between key dimensions identified in the proposed conceptual evaluation model. This is highlighted using fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) as a technique to model each IT/IS evaluation factor (integrating strategic, tactical, operational and investment considerations). The use of an FCM is then shown to be as a complementary tool which can serve to highlight interdependencies between contributory justification factors
Bridging the Gap Between Traditional Metadata and the Requirements of an Academic SDI for Interdisciplinary Research
Metadata has long been understood as a fundamental component of any Spatial Data Infrastructure, providing information relating to discovery, evaluation and use of
datasets and describing their quality. Having good metadata about a dataset is fundamental to using it correctly and to understanding the implications of issues such as missing data or incorrect attribution on the results obtained for any analysis carried out.
Traditionally, spatial data was created by expert users (e.g. national mapping agencies), who created metadata for the data. Increasingly, however, data used in spatial analysis comes from multiple sources and could be captured or used by nonexpert users â for example academic researchers â many of whom are from nonâGIS disciplinary backgrounds, not familiar with metadata and perhaps working in geographically dispersed teams. This paper examines the applicability of metadata in this academic context, using a multiânational coastal/environmental project as a case study. The work to date highlights a number of suggestions for good practice, issues and research questions relevant to Academic SDI, particularly given the increased levels of research data sharing and reuse required by UK and EU funders
Born to be Wild: Using Communities of Practice as a Tool for Knowledge Management
This paper looks at what happens when Communities of Practice are used as a
tool for Knowledge Management. The original concept of a Community of Practice
appears to have very little in common with the knowledge sharing communities
found in Knowledge Management, which are based on a revised view of
'cultivated' communities. We examine the risks and benefits of cultivating
Communities of Practice rather than leaving them 'in the wild'. The paper
presents the findings from two years of research in a small microelectronics
firm to provide some insights into the wild vs domesticated dichotomy and
discusses the implications of attempting to tame Communities of Practice in
this way.Comment: Paper presented at the Ethicomp 2010: The 'Backwards, Forwards and
Sideways' changes of ICT, Tarragona, Spain, April, 2010, pp. 71 - 80
Black, Gold, and Green: Food Waste Management at Bryant University
The basis of this project is to examine the food waste management system at Bryant University, and to make feasible, sustainable, and cost-effective solutions for improving the system. An effective, sustainable food waste management system is an important achievement for the university in particular as Rhode Islandâs landfill is quickly reaching its capacity. The study focuses on analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the universityâs current solution of sending the waste to a local pig farmer versus alternative options such as composting the waste. Research methods include surveying local food recycling and composting experts and key stakeholders, a numeric ranking system to analyze different options for Bryant, as well as benchmarking with comparable colleges and universities that have launched successful food waste management solutions
The VEX-93 environment as a hybrid tool for developing knowledge systems with different problem solving techniques
The paper describes VEX-93 as a hybrid environment for developing
knowledge-based and problem solver systems. It integrates methods and
techniques from artificial intelligence, image and signal processing and
data analysis, which can be mixed. Two hierarchical levels of reasoning
contains an intelligent toolbox with one upper strategic inference engine
and four lower ones containing specific reasoning models: truth-functional
(rule-based), probabilistic (causal networks), fuzzy (rule-based) and
case-based (frames). There are image/signal processing-analysis capabilities
in the form of programming languages with more than one hundred primitive
functions.
User-made programs are embeddable within knowledge basis, allowing the
combination of perception and reasoning. The data analyzer toolbox contains
a collection of numerical classification, pattern recognition and ordination
methods, with neural network tools and a data base query language at
inference engines's disposal.
VEX-93 is an open system able to communicate with external computer programs
relevant to a particular application. Metaknowledge can be used for
elaborate conclusions, and man-machine interaction includes, besides windows
and graphical interfaces, acceptance of voice commands and production of
speech output.
The system was conceived for real-world applications in general domains, but
an example of a concrete medical diagnostic support system at present under
completion as a cuban-spanish project is mentioned.
Present version of VEX-93 is a huge system composed by about one and half
millions of lines of C code and runs in microcomputers under Windows 3.1.Postprint (published version
Run-time risk management in adaptive ICT systems
We will present results of the SERSCIS project related to risk management and mitigation strategies in adaptive multi-stakeholder ICT systems. The SERSCIS approach involves using semantic threat models to support automated design-time threat identification and mitigation analysis. The focus of this paper is the use of these models at run-time for automated threat detection and diagnosis. This is based on a combination of semantic reasoning and Bayesian inference applied to run-time system monitoring data. The resulting dynamic risk management approach is compared to a conventional ISO 27000 type approach, and validation test results presented from an Airport Collaborative Decision Making (A-CDM) scenario involving data exchange between multiple airport service providers
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