728,582 research outputs found

    Pengaruh Persepsi Kemanfaatan Dan Sikap Pengguna Online Shop Terhadap Minat Menggunakan Rekening Bersama (Studi Pada Pengguna Kaskus.com)

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    Progress of information technology which is very fast make everything was very practical, one of these activities sale-purchase. With the ease of transaction long distance has also potential to eliciting criminal action fraud through online transaction because there is no guarantee the security of transactions besides honesty both parties own. This research aims to influence perceptions aware of expedience and attitude online users shop against the interest of using a joint account and provide input to kaskus.com to the use of a joint account increasingly rise so that acts of deception in online transaction can be minimized. A method of analysis of this research is the quantitative analysis. The kind of research used in this research is research explanatory. With a quantitative approach. A source of data in this study that is primary data and secondary data, primary data used namely by way of spreading kuisioner online to the respondents, and secondary data used that is, from reports, a journal and archive relevant literature-literature. Data analysis using analysis double linear regression. The research results show that the perceived usefullness and users attitudes have leverage that significantly to interest use a joint account, in silmultan and partial. Variable attitude having influence most dominant against behavioral intention to use a joint accoun

    Studies on the therapeutic modulation of inflammation in the synovial membrane of rheumatoid arthritis

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    Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the synovial membrane that can lead to joint deformity and physical disability. Despite recent progress in the therapeutic field of RA, the exact molecular mechanisms responsible for chronic joint inflammation are not yet completely understood. The overall aim of this thesis was to identify new molecular mechanisms responsible for inflammation in the rheumatoid joint and to understand how distinct anti rheumatic drugs act upon these mechanisms. I first focused on validating arthroscopy as a research tool for better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of action of anti rheumatic drugs, demonstrating that rheumatologic arthroscopy is a safe method, with very few complications and allowing retrieval of representative tissue in clinical longitudinal studies. We also propose an easy to perform way to quantitate macroscopic joint changes based on photos acquired during arthroscopies. Based on our validation study we then used this method to perform several mechanisms of action studies. We first investigated the effect of etanercept on synovial expression of lymphotoxin-α (LT-α) and tumor necrosis factor-α (΀ΝF-α). As predicted from previous in vitro studies etanercept was able to decrease synovial expression of both LT-α and TNF-α. The effect was however limited to good clinical responders. We propose LT-α modulation as an additional but not essential mechanism to explain the clinical efficacy observed with this drug in clinical practice. Defective apoptosis of lymphocytes is linked to pathogenesis of RA and glucocorticoids are good in vitro inducers of lymphocyte apoptosis. We therefore investigated the effect of intra articular glucocorticoids on synovial apoptosis demonstrating that in the complex milieu of rheumatoid joint glucocorticoids actually fail to induce lymphocyte apoptosis. We further demonstrate that monocytes are essential in rescuing synovial T cells from glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis through a soluble factor mediated mechanism, a feature that is specific for RA-derived synovial lymphocytes. LL-37 is an anti microbial peptide belonging to the cathelicidin family with important functions in innate immune response but recently also implicated as a modulator of acquired immune responses. We therefore investigated a potential role for LL-37 in RA pathogenesis, demonstrating that the peptide is present at low levels in healthy synovium, but up regulated in the context of inflammation. We also identified synovial neutrophils and to a lesser extent macrophages as the main cell types expressing LL-37. Distinct modulation patterns of LL-37 by some but not all anti rheumatic drugs and correlation with local levels of inflammation suggest a potential direct contribution of LL-37 to synovial pathology in RA. In conclusion, we demonstrated that arthroscopy is a safe and reliable research tool for studies on mechanisms of action of anti rheumatic drugs and pathogenic traits of the inflamed rheumatoid joint

    Using Technology-Enabled Learning Networks to Drive Module Improvements in the UK Open University

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    This paper describes a work-in-progress action research project to investigate how technology-enabled learning networks may achieve practical organisational improvement outcomes in the author’s own institution, a UK distance learning higher education (HE) context. Collaborative learning technology, typically used for academic learning or professional development, affords the geographically scattered and disparate practitioner stakeholders involved in distance learning module design and delivery the ability to grapple together with a problem area requiring improvement. In this particular context, there is a perennial organisational need to close a feedback loop between remote module tutors and campus based teams, to develop a joint understanding of teaching and learning design challenges, and to put tutors as close as possible to the development of solutions. However, there is insufficient conceptual and practical understanding about the mechanisms by which this unfolding process of technology-enabled organisational learning might happen. Conceptual frameworks in the field of learning networks and networked learning are still developing (Sloep, 2016). The aim of this research is to investigate the active use of learning networks to achieve practical improvement outcomes, and to explore a new conceptual framework covering all stages of the required learning process. The research aims to make an original contribution to the call for actionable knowledge in organisational research, using a collaborative, equitable and rigorous action-oriented and theory-building approach, which also aims to achieve measurable impact

    Implementation Action Plan for organic food and farming research

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    The Implementation Action Plan completes TP Organics’ trilogy of key documents of the Research Vision to 2025 (Niggli et al 2008) and the Strategic Research Agenda (Schmid et al 2009). The Implementation Action Plan addresses important areas for a successful implementation of the Strategic Research Agenda. It explores the strength of Europe’s organic sector on the world stage with about one quarter of the world’s organic agricultural land in 2008 and accounting for more than half of the global organic market. The aims and objectives of organic farming reflect a broad range of societal demands on the multiple roles of agriculture and food production of not only producing commodities but also ecosystem services. These are important for Europe’s economic success, the resilience of its farms and prosperity in its rural areas. The organic sector is a leading market for quality and authenticity: values at the heart of European food culture. Innovation is important across the EU economy, and no less so within the organic sector. The Implementation Action Plan devotes its third chapter to considering how innovation can be stimulated through organic food and farming research and, crucially, translated into changes in business and agricultural practice. TP Organics argues for a broad understanding of innovation that includes technology, know-how and social/organisational innovations. Accordingly, innovation can involve different actors throughout the food sector. Many examples illustrate innovations in the organic sector includign and beyond technology. The various restrictions imposed by organic standards have driven change and turned organic farms and food businesses into creative living laboratories for smart and green innovations and the sector will continue to generate new examples. The research topics proposed by TP Organics in the Strategic Research Agenda can drive innovation in areas as wide ranging as production practices for crops, technologies for livestock, food processing, quality management, on-farm renewable energy or insights into the effects of consumption of organic products on disease and wellbeing and life style of citizens. Importantly, many approaches developed within the sector are relevant and useful beyond the specific sector. The fourth chapter addresses knowledge management in organic agriculture, focusing on the further development of participatory research methods. Participatory (or trans-disciplinary) models recognise the worth and importance of different forms of knowledge and reduced boundaries between the generators and the users of knowledge, while respecting and benefitting from transparent division of tasks. The emphasis on joint creation and exchange of knowledge makes them valuable as part of a knowledge management toolkit as they have the capacity to enhance the translation of research outcomes into practical changes and lead to real-world progress. The Implementation Action Plan argues for the wider application of participatory methods in publicly-funded research and also proposes some criteria for evaluating participatory research, such as the involvement and satisfaction of stakeholders as well as real improvements in sustainability and delivery of public goods/services. European agriculture faces specific challenges but at the same time Europe has a unique potential for the development of agro-ecology based solutions that must be supported through well focused research. TP Organics believes that the most effective approaches in agriculture and food research will be systems-based, multi- and trans-disciplinary, and that in the development of research priorities, the interconnections between biodiversity, dietary diversity, functional diversity and health must be taken into account. Chapter five of the action plan identifies six themes which could be used to organise research and innovation activities in agriculture under Europe’s 8th Framework Programme on Research Cooperation: ‱ Eco-functional intensification – A new area of agricultural research which aims to harness beneficial activities of the ecosystem to increase productivity in agriculture. ‱ The economics of high output / low input farming Developing reliable economic and environmental assessments of new recycling, renewable-based and efficiency-boosting technologies for agriculture. ‱ Health care schemes for livestock Shifting from therapeutics to livestock health care schemes based on good husbandry and disease prevention. ‱ Resilience and “sustainagility” Dealing with a more rapidly changing environment by focusing on ‘adaptive capacity’ to help build resilience of farmers, farms and production methods. ‱ From farm diversity to food diversity and health and wellbeing of citizens Building on existing initiatives to reconnect consumers and producers, use a ‘whole food chain’ approach to improve availability of natural and authentic foods. ‱ Creating centres of innovation in farming communities A network of centres in Europe applying and developing trans-disciplinary and participatory scientific approaches to support innovation among farmers and SMEs and improving research capacities across Europe

    MOLECULAR TARGET AND THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A REVIEW.

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     Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disease. Cytokine plays a significant role in modulating the immune systemand specifically the inflammation. The role of cytokines in disease has led to new development in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Differentmediator cause inflammation, and degradation of joint cartilage in RA. Some of the novel target inhibitors, which are used to treat and control thisdisease are cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), TNF-α converting enzyme, interleukin-1, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, matrix metalloproteinase,nuclear factor ÎÂșB, mitogen activated protein kinase, phosphodiesterase-4, janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription, Bruton'styrosine kinase, spleen tyrosine kinase, Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases. The mode of action and their progress in research have been covered in thisreview.Keywords: Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, Tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme, Tumor necrosis factor-α, Janus kinase, Spleentyrosine kinase, Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3K)

    Research Progress on the Relationship between Polymorphism and SLE of Vitamin D Metabolic Pathway Related Gene

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    Vitamin D is a class of hormones necessary to maintain normalphysiological activities of the body. A large number of studies have shownthat vitamin D, as a fat-soluble vitamin, is not only related to calcium andphosphorus metabolism, but also closely related to immune regulation,humoral regulation, cell cycle and so on. Systemic Lupus erythema-Tosus(SLE) is a specific autoimmune diffuse connective tissue disease thatcauses tissue and organ damage under the joint action of multiple factorssuch as environment and heredity. Among many factors, the vitamin Dmetabolism pathway gene is particularly important for its influence. Someliterature has shown that the genetic polymorphism of vitamin D metabolicpathway genes is correlated with SLE. Therefore, by referring to relevantliterature, this paper summarized the progress in the research on themechanism of genetic polymorphism of vitamin metabolism pathway genesand the development of SLE

    Proficiency-based High School Diploma Systems in Maine: Educator Perceptions of Implementation

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    In 2012, the Maine legislature passed a bill requiring public school districts to implement proficiency-based high school diploma requirements. Amendments were passed in subsequent years, and several additional bills related to this policy were introduced in the most recent 128th Legislative Session in early 2018. These bills were considered by the Joint Standing Committee on Education and Cultural Affairs, but have not yet had final action by the full Maine legislature at the time of this report\u27s publication. Beginning in 2012, the Maine Legislature\u27s Joint Standing Committee on Education and Cultural Affairs has annually requested that the Maine Education Policy Research Institute (MEPRI) conduct empirical research studies designed to compile data, examine progress and explore impacts regarding implementation of this state policy within school districts across the state. In 2017-2018, Phase VI of this ongoing research included two separate research studies examining the impacts of implementing proficiency-based diploma systems within the immediate and wider contexts of public schooling in Maine. The first study, presented in February 2018, included case studies of high schools to examine the practices, challenges and facilitators as well as the perceptions of high school educators and administrators about meeting the needs of students and their district\u27s requirements for earning a proficiency-based diploma. That report included a synthesis of key findings to date and a summary of current related literature. This second study used survey methodology to identify levels of progress and attitudes towards implementation of Maine\u27s proficiency-based diploma policy and related education approaches from PK-12 educators in public schools. Prior research has shown an important distinction between teacher beliefs about proficiency-based and standards-based educational practices in general and the specific state policy requirement to award high school diplomas only to students demonstrating proficiency. This survey study focused primarily on the latter. As a companion study, it does not reiterate the background and contextual information already provided in the February 2018 report. Results of this exploratory survey of a sample of 442 Maine PK-12 public school teachers were consistent with conclusions in prior research that practitioners vary widely in their perceptions of implementation progress, necessary resources, and attitudes regarding proficiency-based diploma systems. The range of responses likely stems from several factors including the diverse conditions of individual schools/districts/communities, variation in underlying teacher beliefs, and the specific situations present across different grade levels, content areas, and/or programs. In all, the spring 2018 survey of teachers provides a snapshot of the complex implementation of a far-reaching state policy. It reveals substantial progress and also areas of tension in efforts to ensure that Maine students who earn high school diplomas have met state learning expectations. Teacher feedback suggests that there is need for additional work

    Globalization, social innovation, and co-operative development: A comparative analysis of Québec and Saskatchewan, 1980-2010.

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    This study examines the development gap that has emerged between the co-operative sectors of the Canadian provinces of QuĂ©bec and Saskatchewan since 1980. It harnesses historical research, textual analysis, and semi-structured interviews to better understand how some movements are able to regenerate their movements in the face of crisis. The study finds that the regeneration of the QuĂ©bec movement reflects the concertation (concerted action) of social movement, sector, and state actors. Deeply rooted in a collectivist tradition of cultural nationalism and state corporatism, this democratic partnership supported the renovation and expansion of the co-operative development system in a virtuous spiral of movement agency, innovation, and regeneration. Concertation of social movement and state actors created momentum for escalating orders of joint-action, institution-building, and policy and program development. By contrast, the degeneration of the Saskatchewan movement reflects the decline of the agrarian economy and movement and a failure to effectively coordinate the efforts of emerging social movements and the state for development action. This has yielded a vicious spiral of movement inertia, under-development, and decline. Although green shoots are in evidence, regeneration efforts in Saskatchewan lag QuĂ©bec’s progress in rebuilding the foundations for effective democratic partnership. The study concludes with a detailed comparison of these diverging movements, offering conclusions and recommendations for the repair of the Saskatchewan development system and the regeneration of its co-operative movement
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