10,775 research outputs found
The Impact of Lithium Ion on the Application of Resistive Switching Devices
With the development of the times, people have higher and higher requirements for
storage equipment. Many new storage devices have emerged, such as Magnetoresistive
random-access memory(MRAM) and Resistive random-access memory(ReRAM). The
junction structure is the basic unit of these two storage devices, and in this paper, the
MTJ and resistive switching junction are tuned with lithium fluoride(LiF) to optimize
their performance, respectively.
In the first experiment, a magnetic tunnelling junction resembling a battery is
developed and proved to be electromagnetically tuneable. In this LiF-based device, reversible
non-volatile resistive switching phenomena and tunnelling phenomena coexist,
enabling four well-defined groups for each device. The management of the interface enables
the spin transfer of actively controlled devices, hence enhancing their application
potential.
In the second experiment, 796 devices were measured. For the resistive switching
device with TiO as the insulating layer, adding additional LiF layer can significantly
increase the probability of resistive switching phenomenon, and adding an appropriate
thickness of LiF can also increase the differentiation between high and low group states,
which is beneficial for the regulation of resistive switching devices
Challenges in the Design and Implementation of IoT Testbeds in Smart-Cities : A Systematic Review
Advancements in wireless communication and the increased accessibility to low-cost sensing and data processing IoT technologies have increased the research and development of urban monitoring systems. Most smart city research projects rely on deploying proprietary IoT testbeds for indoor and outdoor data collection. Such testbeds typically rely on a three-tier architecture composed of the Endpoint, the Edge, and the Cloud. Managing the system's operation whilst considering the security and privacy challenges that emerge, such as data privacy controls, network security, and security updates on the devices, is challenging. This work presents a systematic study of the challenges of developing, deploying and managing urban monitoring testbeds, as experienced in a series of urban monitoring research projects, followed by an analysis of the relevant literature. By identifying the challenges in the various projects and organising them under the V-model development lifecycle levels, we provide a reference guide for future projects. Understanding the challenges early on will facilitate current and future smart-cities IoT research projects to reduce implementation time and deliver secure and resilient testbeds
Pipeline quantum processor architecture for silicon spin qubits
Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices seek to achieve quantum
advantage over classical systems without the use of full quantum error
correction. We propose a NISQ processor architecture using a qubit `pipeline'
in which all run-time control is applied globally, reducing the required number
and complexity of control and interconnect resources. This is achieved by
progressing qubit states through a layered physical array of structures which
realise single and two-qubit gates. Such an approach lends itself to NISQ
applications such as variational quantum eigensolvers which require numerous
repetitions of the same calculation, or small variations thereof. In exchange
for simplifying run-time control, a larger number of physical structures is
required for shuttling the qubits as the circuit depth now corresponds to an
array of physical structures. However, qubit states can be `pipelined' densely
through the arrays for repeated runs to make more efficient use of physical
resources. We describe how the qubit pipeline can be implemented in a silicon
spin-qubit platform, to which it is well suited to due to the high qubit
density and scalability. In this implementation, we describe the physical
realisation of single and two qubit gates which represent a universal gate set
that can achieve fidelities of , even under typical
qubit frequency variations.Comment: 21 pages (13 for main + 8 for supplement), 9 figures (4 for main + 5
for supplement
Unconventional Cognitive Intelligent Robotic Control: Quantum Soft Computing Approach in Human Being Emotion Estimation -- QCOptKB Toolkit Application
Strategy of intelligent cognitive control systems based on quantum and soft
computing presented. Quantum self-organization knowledge base synergetic effect
extracted from intelligent fuzzy controllers imperfect knowledge bases
described. That technology improved of robustness of intelligent cognitive
control systems in hazard control situations described with the cognitive
neuro-interface and different types of robot cooperation. Examples demonstrated
the introduction of quantum fuzzy inference gate design as prepared
programmable algorithmic solution for board embedded control systems. The
possibility of neuro-interface application based on cognitive helmet with
quantum fuzzy controller for driving of the vehicle is shown
The Metaverse: Survey, Trends, Novel Pipeline Ecosystem & Future Directions
The Metaverse offers a second world beyond reality, where boundaries are
non-existent, and possibilities are endless through engagement and immersive
experiences using the virtual reality (VR) technology. Many disciplines can
benefit from the advancement of the Metaverse when accurately developed,
including the fields of technology, gaming, education, art, and culture.
Nevertheless, developing the Metaverse environment to its full potential is an
ambiguous task that needs proper guidance and directions. Existing surveys on
the Metaverse focus only on a specific aspect and discipline of the Metaverse
and lack a holistic view of the entire process. To this end, a more holistic,
multi-disciplinary, in-depth, and academic and industry-oriented review is
required to provide a thorough study of the Metaverse development pipeline. To
address these issues, we present in this survey a novel multi-layered pipeline
ecosystem composed of (1) the Metaverse computing, networking, communications
and hardware infrastructure, (2) environment digitization, and (3) user
interactions. For every layer, we discuss the components that detail the steps
of its development. Also, for each of these components, we examine the impact
of a set of enabling technologies and empowering domains (e.g., Artificial
Intelligence, Security & Privacy, Blockchain, Business, Ethics, and Social) on
its advancement. In addition, we explain the importance of these technologies
to support decentralization, interoperability, user experiences, interactions,
and monetization. Our presented study highlights the existing challenges for
each component, followed by research directions and potential solutions. To the
best of our knowledge, this survey is the most comprehensive and allows users,
scholars, and entrepreneurs to get an in-depth understanding of the Metaverse
ecosystem to find their opportunities and potentials for contribution
The Viability and Potential Consequences of IoT-Based Ransomware
With the increased threat of ransomware and the substantial growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) market, there is significant motivation for attackers to carry out IoT-based ransomware campaigns. In this thesis, the viability of such malware is tested.
As part of this work, various techniques that could be used by ransomware developers to attack commercial IoT devices were explored. First, methods that attackers could use to communicate with the victim were examined, such that a ransom note was able to be reliably sent to a victim. Next, the viability of using "bricking" as a method of ransom was evaluated, such that devices could be remotely disabled unless the victim makes a payment to the attacker. Research was then performed to ascertain whether it was possible to remotely gain persistence on IoT devices, which would improve the efficacy of existing ransomware methods, and provide opportunities for more advanced ransomware to be created. Finally, after successfully identifying a number of persistence techniques, the viability of privacy-invasion based ransomware was analysed.
For each assessed technique, proofs of concept were developed. A range of devices -- with various intended purposes, such as routers, cameras and phones -- were used to test the viability of these proofs of concept. To test communication hijacking, devices' "channels of communication" -- such as web services and embedded screens -- were identified, then hijacked to display custom ransom notes. During the analysis of bricking-based ransomware, a working proof of concept was created, which was then able to remotely brick five IoT devices. After analysing the storage design of an assortment of IoT devices, six different persistence techniques were identified, which were then successfully tested on four devices, such that malicious filesystem modifications would be retained after the device was rebooted. When researching privacy-invasion based ransomware, several methods were created to extract information from data sources that can be commonly found on IoT devices, such as nearby WiFi signals, images from cameras, or audio from microphones. These were successfully implemented in a test environment such that ransomable data could be extracted, processed, and stored for later use to blackmail the victim.
Overall, IoT-based ransomware has not only been shown to be viable but also highly damaging to both IoT devices and their users. While the use of IoT-ransomware is still very uncommon "in the wild", the techniques demonstrated within this work highlight an urgent need to improve the security of IoT devices to avoid the risk of IoT-based ransomware causing havoc in our society. Finally, during the development of these proofs of concept, a number of potential countermeasures were identified, which can be used to limit the effectiveness of the attacking techniques discovered in this PhD research
Grasping nothing: a study of minimal ontologies and the sense of music
If music were to have a proper sense – one in which it is truly given – one might reasonably place this in sound and aurality. I contend, however, that no such sense exists; rather, the sense of music takes place, and it does so with the impossible. To this end, this thesis – which is a work of philosophy and music – advances an ontology of the impossible (i.e., it thinks the being of what, properly speaking, can have no being) and considers its implications for music, articulating how ontological aporias – of the event, of thinking the absolute, and of sovereignty’s dismemberment – imply senses of music that are anterior to sound. John Cage’s Silent Prayer, a nonwork he never composed, compels a rerethinking of silence on the basis of its contradictory status of existence; Florian Hecker et al.’s Speculative Solution offers a basis for thinking absolute music anew to the precise extent that it is a discourse of meaninglessness; and Manfred Werder’s [yearn] pieces exhibit exemplarily that music’s sense depends on the possibility of its counterfeiting. Inso-much as these accounts produce musical senses that take the place of sound, they are also understood to be performances of these pieces. Here, then, thought is music’s organon and its instrument
Application of fuzzy controllers in automatic ship motion control systems
Automatic ship heading control is a part of the automatic navigation system. It is charged with the task of maintaining the actual ship’s course angle or actual ship’s course without human intervention in accordance with the set course or setting parameter and maintaining this condition under the effect of disturbing influences. Thus, the corrective influence on deviations from a course can be rendered by the position of a rudder or controlling influence that leads to the rotary movement of a vessel around a vertical axis that represents a problem, which can be solved with the use of fuzzy logic. In this paper, we propose to consider the estimation of the efficiency of fuzzy controllers in systems of automatic control of ship movement, obtained by analysis of a method of the formalized record of a logic conclusion and structure of the fuzzy controller. The realization of this allows to carry out effective stabilization of a course angle of a vessel taking into account existing restrictions
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