Skippers' preferred adaptation and transformation responses to catch declines in a large-scale tuna fishery

At first glance, large-scale fisheries may seem adaptable to climate change. Adaptation takes place from the governance to the individual level of fishers. At the individual level, skippers make day-to-day decisions on where to fish and are at the forefront of the response to changes at sea. We seek to understand such individual adaptation in large-scale fisheries, using the case of the Spanish tropical tuna fishery. We surveyed 22% of Spanish freezer purse seine skippers operating in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. In the last 10 years, more than half of skippers used new technology to search for tunas and expanded their fishing area as adaptation actions. Using cluster analysis, we identified two skipper groups-based on stated behaviours to confront different hypothetical scenarios of catch decline-that would follow adaptation or transformation strategies. The majority of skippers would follow adaptation strategies until a hypothetical 30% catch decrease and then choices diverge. Skipper characteristics, such as importance given to intergenerational knowledge, perceptions of change in tropical tuna abundance, and years working in the current job, can explain the adaptation and transformation choices. These findings help understand the potential for adaptation behaviour by skippers involved in fisheries confronting catch declines. © 2021 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea 2021.This research was supported by the project CLOCK, under the European Horizon 2020 Program, ERC Starting Grant Agreement no 679812 funded by the European Research Council. It is also supported by the Spanish Government through María de Maeztu excellence accreditation 2018–2022 (Ref. MDM-2017-0714). EO thanks Gain-Xunta, the Galicia for the Oportunius program. We specially thank all the skippers and workers from the fishing companies and associations who facilitated this study and participated to share their knowledge. Two anonymous reviewers also improved the manuscript

Systematic adaptation of dynamically generated source code via domain-specific examples

In modern web-based applications, an increasing amount of source code is generated dynamically at runtime. Web applications commonly execute dynamically generated code (DGC) emitted by third-party, black-box generators, run at remote sites. Web developers often need to adapt DGC before it can be executed: embedded HTML can be vulnerable to cross-site scripting attacks; an API may be incompatible with some browsers; and the program\u27s state created by DGC may not be persisting. Lacking any systematic approaches for adapting DGC, web developers resort to ad-hoc techniques that are unsafe and error-prone. This study presents an approach for adapting DGC systematically that follows the program-transformation-byexample paradigm. The proposed approach provides predefined, domain-specific before/after examples that capture the variability of commonly used adaptations. By approving or rejecting these examples, web developers determine the required adaptation transformations, which are encoded in an adaptation script operating on the generated code\u27s abstract syntax tree. The proposed approach is a suite of practical JavaScript program adaptations and their corresponding before/after examples. The authors have successfully applied the approach to real web applications to adapt third-party generated JavaScript code for security, browser compatibility, and persistence

Adaptation options for agricultural cultivation systems in the South Central Coast under the context of climate change: Assessment Report.

This report highlights the results of consultation meetings and field visits organized by the Department of Crop Production and the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security in Southeast Asia in association with the three offices of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development in the South Central Coast provinces of Binh Thuan, Ninh Thuan, and Khanh Hoa, in combination with consultation with the provinces in the conference: “Summing up crops production in the Winter-Spring season in 2018-2019, implementing the Summer-Autumn season, Main rice season in 2019 for the South Central Coast and the Central Highlands” held by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in Tam Ky City, Quang Nam Province on 12 April 2019. The meetings underlined the progress made by the provinces on climate change adaptation and mitigation, options for risk reductions in agricultural production, and conversion of crop structure as results of implementing the guidelines of the provinces and the Sector, especially, solutions for reservation and efficient and economic use of water under the context of climate change. This assessment report also reviews some issues related to the agricultural transformation of the region in adapting to risks caused by climate change. They are based on comparative advantages in terms of geographical location and market of key agricultural products. This report also points out shortcomings in using land and unreasonable points in managing and using important natural resources, especially water, and provides recommendations for the agricultural transformation and inter-regional connection with the Central Highlands and the Southeast. The team also introduces climate-related risks maps and adaptation plans (CS MAP) which is applied in the five provinces in the Mekong Delta Region, and hopes this solution’s expansion shall be supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and the provinces

Resource Optimization in Government Transformation Academies: A Study at the Ministry of Communication and Informatics in Indonesia

Various problems in the implementation of highly complex and multidimensional government programs pose challenges to developing countries, including Indonesia. Comprehensive efforts are needed to overcome these constraints, including appropriate resource allocation, institutional capacity enhancement, strengthening good governance, combating corruption, addressing social and economic inequalities, political stability, and adaptation to environmental and geographical factors. This article describes the resources utilized in the implementation of a GTA program based on the types of resources. The approach employed in this study is descriptive and qualitative, while the data collection method utilizes the examination of government documents. The objective of this research is to explore and analyze the current state of resource utilization within government networks with the aim of identifying areas for optimization and improvement. The combination of human resources, partnerships, and technological resources in the GTA program, along with the utilization of qualitative research methods, demonstrates a comprehensive and multifaceted approach to government transformation and resource optimization. The program aims to enhance efficiency, effectiveness, and digital transformation within the government, while the research contributes to a deeper understanding of the current practices and challenges. By integrating these findings into policy and programmatic decisions, governments can strive towards better resource allocation, improved service delivery, and ultimately, more effective and responsive governance in the context of government networks. Keywords: governance network, resource governance, government progra

A generation on the move: voices of youths in the context of climate change, migration, and livelihood transition

What happens at a conference for youth about youth ? On the 28th and 29th of June 2017, Uganda hosted a youth summit as a side event to the 11th International Community Based Adaptation to Climate Change conference in Kampala, Uganda. It was focused on the theme “ Enhancing the ability of youth to build ecosystem resilience , ” . The CGIAR Research Program on Water Land and Ecosystems and the International Water Management Institute hosted a session titled “A youth agenda for sustainable agricultural transformation in an era of climate change and out - migration.” It was oriented around one key issue: a large population of rural youth today in Uganda and the wider region have limited interest in becoming farmers. Climate stress is becoming an increasingly important mediating factor in shaping the movement of youth out of the sector

A Framework for Datatype Transformation

We study one dimension in program evolution, namely the evolution of the datatype declarations in a program. To this end, a suite of basic transformation operators is designed. We cover structure-preserving refactorings, but also structure-extending and -reducing adaptations. Both the object programs that are subject to datatype transformations, and the meta programs that encode datatype transformations are functional programs.Comment: Minor revision; now accepted at LDTA 200

Outcome validation report: CCAFS engagement in the Global Commission on Adaptation

The Global Commission on Adaptation (GCA) was launched in October 2018 to accelerate adaptation action and support by elevating the political visibility of adaptation and focusing on concrete solutions to the climate crisis. It is led by Ban Ki-moon, 8th Secretary-General of the United Nations, Kristalina Georgieva, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, and Bill Gates, Co-Chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. It is convened by 17 countries and guided by 30 Commissioners, and co-managed by the Global Center on Adaptation and World Resources Institute. The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) has been heavily involved in the work of the GCA. This outcome validation report focuses on how CCAFS has been involved in the GCA processes, focusing on contributions made in 2019

A heuristic-based approach to code-smell detection

Encapsulation and data hiding are central tenets of the object oriented paradigm. Deciding what data and behaviour to form into a class and where to draw the line between its public and private details can make the difference between a class that is an understandable, flexible and reusable abstraction and one which is not. This decision is a difficult one and may easily result in poor encapsulation which can then have serious implications for a number of system qualities. It is often hard to identify such encapsulation problems within large software systems until they cause a maintenance problem (which is usually too late) and attempting to perform such analysis manually can also be tedious and error prone. Two of the common encapsulation problems that can arise as a consequence of this decomposition process are data classes and god classes. Typically, these two problems occur together – data classes are lacking in functionality that has typically been sucked into an over-complicated and domineering god class. This paper describes the architecture of a tool which automatically detects data and god classes that has been developed as a plug-in for the Eclipse IDE. The technique has been evaluated in a controlled study on two large open source systems which compare the tool results to similar work by Marinescu, who employs a metrics-based approach to detecting such features. The study provides some valuable insights into the strengths and weaknesses of the two approache

5th Annual Progress Reporting and Coordination Meeting on CCAFS Projects and Regional Activities in Southeast Asia

The proceedings document the results of the 5th Annual Progress Reporting and Coordination Meeting on CCAFS Projects and Regional Activities in Southeast Asia. The report tackles the progress of activities in the CSV sites and on CCAFS project implementation in 2019; the significant outputs and outcomes of FP/CSV implementation; and the knowledge, learning, and experiences across projects