Pengaruh Kenaikan Harga Bahan Bakar Minyak terhadap Kinerja USAhatani Padi di Sulawesi Tenggara

Rice is an agricultural commodity that has strategic value economic, environmental live, social and political aspect. Several governments, policies imply on production process immediately or not especially food crop. The research was done to know the impact of increasing price of fuel oil gas on farming system performance in Southeast Sulawesi Province. The data were collected in Konawe and Kolaka as centre of rice production in Southeast Sulawesi. The result showed that there was in impact on agriculture tools especially tractor rent service, water pump, power thresher and RMU. As the effect on increasing price of fuel oil gas, tractor rent price increased to Rp 600.000 (50 %). Operational cost was fully been responsible for farmer, so the profit was better. The use of water pumps still low. Payment system for service of water pump is sharing holder system, 15 % for pump service and 85 % for farmer. There was no change on sharing composition; the profit obtained by farmer was more increase in relevant with increasing of price of agriculture commodity. The thresher service has change from 6.7 % to 9, 1 % and also service of RMU, 1 kg of 11 kg of rice was given to service hulling. Therefore, the effect of increasing fuel oil gas was burdened to farmer directly or indirectly, so the farmer position was still weak

Report of the 6th Tanzania Joint Annual Health Sector Review 4th-6th April 2005 Kunduchi Beach Hotel,Dar es Salaam

The 6th Annual Joint Health Sector Review was concluded successfully at Kunduchi Beach hotel,between 4th and 6th April 2005. It was preceded by a Technical preparatory meeting, held at Belinda Hotel. This year’s was the largest review yet, with over 200 participants. As well as government and donor representatives, the meeting was attended by a variety of civil society and NGO representatives. The Honourable Minister of Health opened the meeting. Judged by the milestones, performance over the last year has been mixed. The advent of the Joint Rehabilitation Fund, the successful integration of Health into MKUKUTA, the scaling up of AIDS Care and Treatment and a steep budget increase (FY2004/5) were all registered as achievements. However, little if any progress was achieved in tackling the Human Resources crisis. The meeting resolved to address the issue with renewed commitment and urgency. A good deal of quantitative data was presented at the meeting, including the State of Health report, the updated health sector performance profile, and the ten-district study. In most respects these reports point to improvement in health service delivery between 2000 and 2003. The major areas of concern were maternal health services and child malnutrition – neither of which seem to have made any improvement over the last 2 decades. Weaknesses in the routine information system mean that data for 2004 is still patchy. Public Private Partnership was the theme of the technical review this year. The clearest message emerging in plenary was the need to replace the current government subsidy to faith-based providers by a service agreement, linked to outputs. Another resonating theme was the need to expand the opportunity for NGOs (including FBOs) to participate in health planning and management at district level. More generally, there was a commitment by both public and private stakeholders to deepen their collaboration. The recommendations of the Technical Review extended well beyond these two themes. However, lack of time in plenary precluded reaching consensus on most of the recommendations in the report. A good start has been made with the rehabilitation of district health infrastructure. This is expected to accelerate in the year ahead. Participants called for a holistic approach towards prioritisation and effective monitoring of implementation. The Honourable Minister called for a new approach and renewed urgency in tackling the human resources crisis. The challenges and the priorities are clear enough. But the shared commitment of MOF, PO-PSM, PORALG and MOH will be needed in order to move forward. A cabinet paper was seen as one way to secure this joint commitment. The financing situation for Health has improved markedly. The PER demonstrates a 33% nominal rise in health budget between 2003/4 and this budget year. FY2005/6 will witness a further steep increase. This good news is tempered by the fact that payroll expenditure is not keeping up with “other charges”, and central government expenditure is expanding much faster than local government. Even these increases are not sufficient to cover the requirements of the health sector. A 167 billion resource gap was documented by the MOH. New financial commitments continue to come on stream, often initiated by short-term donor funding. Moreover, a substantial portion of new money coming into the sector is tightly earmarked. Flexible, discretionary resources remain highly constrained and tough choices on resource allocation will have to be made. Detailed discussion of health financing in general, and user charges / CHF in particular, was deferred to the Health Financing Workshop due in early May.\u

Are incentives everything? payment mechanisms for health care providers in developing countries

This paper assesses the extent to which provider payment mechanisms can help developing countries address their leading health care problems. It first identifies four key problems in the health care systems in developing countries: 1) public facilities, which provide the bulk of secondary and tertiary health care services in most countries, offer services of poor quality; 2) providers cannot be enticed to rural and urban marginal areas, leaving large segments of the population without adequate access to health care; 3) the composition of health services offered and consumed is sub-optimal; and 4) coordination in the delivery of care, including referrals, second opinions, and teamwork, is inadequate. The paper examines each problem in turn and assesses the extent to which changes in provider payments might address it.Health Economics&Finance,Health Systems Development&Reform,Public Health Promotion,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Early Child and Children's Health,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,HealthEconomics&Finance,Health Systems Development&Reform,Environmental Economics&Policies,Housing&Human Habitats

Report of the 6th Tanzania Joint Annual Health Sector Review

\ud The 6th Annual Joint Health Sector Review was concluded successfully at Kunduchi Beach hotel, between 4th and 6th April 2005. It was preceded by a Technical preparatory meeting, held at Belinda Hotel. This year’s was the largest Review yet, with over 200 participants. As well as government and donor representatives, the meeting was attended by a variety of civil society and NGO representatives. The Honourable Minister of Health opened the meeting. Judged by the milestones, performance over the last year has been mixed. The advent of the Joint\ud Rehabilitation Fund, the successful integration of Health into MKUKUTA, the scaling up of AIDS Care and Treatment and a steep budget increase (FY2004/5) were all registered as achievements. However, little if any progress was achieved in tackling the Human Resources crisis. The meeting resolved to address the issue with renewed commitment and urgency. A good deal of quantitative data was presented at the meeting, including the State of Health report, the updated health sector performance profile, and the ten-district study. In most respects these reports point to improvement in health service delivery between 2000 and 2003. The major areas of concern were maternal health services and child malnutrition – neither of which seem to have made any improvement over the last 2 decades. Weaknesses in the routine information system mean that data for 2004 is still patchy. Public Private Partnership was the theme of the technical review this year. The clearest message emerging in plenary was the need to replace the current government subsidy to faith-based providers by a service agreement, linked to outputs. Another resonating theme was the need to expand the opportunity for NGOs (including FBOs) to participate in health planning and management at district level. More generally, there was a commitment by both public and private stakeholders to deepen their collaboration. The recommendations of the Technical Review extended well beyond these themes. A good start has been made with the rehabilitation of district health infrastructure. This is expected to accelerate in the year ahead. Participants called for a holistic approach towards prioritisation and effective monitoring of implementation. The Honourable Minister called for a new approach and renewed urgency in tackling the human resources crisis. The challenges and the priorities are clear enough. But the shared commitment of MOF, PO-PSM, PORALG and MOH will be needed in order to move forward. A cabinet paper was seen as one way to secure this joint commitment. The financing situation for Health has improved markedly. The PER demonstrates a 33% nominal rise in health budget between 2003/4 and this budget year. FY2005/6 will witness a further steep increase. This good news is tempered by the fact that payroll expenditure is not keeping up with “other charges”, and central government expenditure is expanding much faster than local government. Even these increases are not sufficient to cover the requirements of the health sector. A T. Shilling 167 billion resource gap was documented by the MOH. New financial commitments continue to come on stream, often initiated by short-term donor funding. Moreover, a substantial portion of new money coming into the sector is tightly earmarked. Flexible, discretionary resources remain highly constrained and tough choices on resource allocation will have to be made. Detailed discussion of health financing in general, and user charges / CHF in particular, was deferred to the Health Financing Workshop due in early May. A new set of Milestones, some of them carried over from last year, was debated and concluded after the meeting. These are reproduced in Table 7.\u

WiFi hot spot superdistribution : a profit scheme for WiFi access distribution

The wide-area deployment of WiFi hot spots challenges IP access providers. While new profit models are sought after by them, profitability as well as logistics for large-scale deployment of 802.11 wireless technology are still to be proven. Expenditure for hardware, locations, maintenance, connectivity, marketing, billing and customer care must be considered. Even for large carriers with infrastructure, the deployment of a large-scale WiFi infrastructure may be risky. This paper proposes a multi-level scheme for hot spot distribution and customer acquisition that reduces financial risk, cost of marketing and cost of maintenance for the large-scale deployment of WiFi hot spots

Gender Differences in Rent Sharing and its Implications for the Gender Wage Gap

Based on a large matched employer-employee data set for Sweden, this study analyses gender differences in rent sharing. Results indicate a general pattern of significantly smaller remuneration from firm profits for women. Gender differences in rent sharing, however, explain less than two percent of gender wage differentials. This is not unexpected, as gender differences are found not in the mean profit levels of employing firms, but in remuneration from firm profit.Wages; Profits; Rent sharing; Gender

Employee Compensation: Research and Practice

[Excerpt] An organization has the potential to remain viable only so long as its members choose to participate and engage in necessary role behaviors (March & Simon, 1958; Katz & Kahn, 1966). To elicit these contributions, an organization must provide inducements that are of value to its members. This exchange or transaction process is at the core of the employment relationship and can be viewed as a type of contract, explicit or implicit, that imposes reciprocal obligations on the parties (Barnard, 1936; Simon, 1951; Williamson, 1975; Rousseau, 1990). At the heart of that exchange are decisions by employers and employees regarding compensation