On Measuring Bias in Online Information

Bias in online information has recently become a pressing issue, with search engines, social networks and recommendation services being accused of exhibiting some form of bias. In this vision paper, we make the case for a systematic approach towards measuring bias. To this end, we discuss formal measures for quantifying the various types of bias, we outline the system components necessary for realizing them, and we highlight the related research challenges and open problems.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figur

New research methods of business history

Business history, while not clearly established or widely recognized, is an open framework that can include in addition to issues related to the evolving economy, business, market and business, other areas of institutional, cultural and social, related to contemporary events resulting from the long process of industrialization. The first industrial revolution began in the late eighteenth century, the next highest industrial processing of the second half of the nineteenth century, the mass industrialization of the twentieth century and the new post-Fordist landscape of the twenty-first century are the historical landmarks that anchor the activities of a phenomenon that has accompanied the various stages of development of the world economy and, over time characterized by the primacy of capitalist production Buoyancy. Not to deny that in earlier times there have been significant events or structures and there were also areas of significant value to the business history, but want to say that the central focus for the growth of this area is the spread of the capitalist system within industry, agriculture, services, accounting and finance. In summary, business history is an essential element, in terms of quality, for understanding the economic fabric of a country, consistently dynamic and comparative.Business History; Traditional methods of study; New methodologies for research; Open Innovation; Long Tail;

Transactive Knowledge Systems, Shared Leadership Style, and Team Effectiveness

This dissertation examines relationships between transactive memory and transactive knowledge systems, shared leadership style, and team effectiveness. Transactive memory as mediator, perspective-taking and motivation as moderators, and temporal development of transactive memory are also examined. Two studies tested an IMOI model of relationships in a longitudinal field study of students in teams and in an on-line cross-sectional sample of working adults in the United States. Study 1 and 2 provided support for shared leadership style as predictive of transactive memory, and for shared leadership style and transactive memory as predictive of team effectiveness. Both studies support transactive memory and transactive knowledge systems as mediating the relationship between shared leadership style and team effectiveness. No support emerged for perspective-taking or motivation as moderators or for situational factors influencing transactive knowledge systems over time. Findings indicate that situational factors influence emergent team cognitive structures, such as transactive memory, consequently influencing team effectiveness outcomes. Multilevel Linear Models, Study 1. Amazon Mechanical Turks, Study 2

Optimization of Organizational Design

This study aims to present new techniques that airlines can use in order to gain efficiency through human resources allocation, to keep up on track with the challenging and constant-moving environment of aviation industry. As the classical hierarquical structure that dominates most of the airlines today is not a prone environment for the changes proposed, researchers will explore human resources optimization using the optimization software Lindo, mixed with concepts and techniques of Agile Methodology, such as evaluation score and talent mapping to develop a model for the best match between employees’ and tasks of Avianca Brasil Project Department, considering productivity and cost that will present the most efficient outcome

Living Innovation Laboratory Model Design and Implementation

Living Innovation Laboratory (LIL) is an open and recyclable way for multidisciplinary researchers to remote control resources and co-develop user centered projects. In the past few years, there were several papers about LIL published and trying to discuss and define the model and architecture of LIL. People all acknowledge about the three characteristics of LIL: user centered, co-creation, and context aware, which make it distinguished from test platform and other innovation approaches. Its existing model consists of five phases: initialization, preparation, formation, development, and evaluation. Goal Net is a goal-oriented methodology to formularize a progress. In this thesis, Goal Net is adopted to subtract a detailed and systemic methodology for LIL. LIL Goal Net Model breaks the five phases of LIL into more detailed steps. Big data, crowd sourcing, crowd funding and crowd testing take place in suitable steps to realize UUI, MCC and PCA throughout the innovation process in LIL 2.0. It would become a guideline for any company or organization to develop a project in the form of an LIL 2.0 project. To prove the feasibility of LIL Goal Net Model, it was applied to two real cases. One project is a Kinect game and the other one is an Internet product. They were both transformed to LIL 2.0 successfully, based on LIL goal net based methodology. The two projects were evaluated by phenomenography, which was a qualitative research method to study human experiences and their relations in hope of finding the better way to improve human experiences. Through phenomenographic study, the positive evaluation results showed that the new generation of LIL had more advantages in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.Comment: This is a book draf

Collaborative System Architecture & Innovation: How Networked Organizations Embed Creative Production

Organizational innovation, the process of generating value through addressing problems in novel ways, has historically been an exclusive function of managerial oligarchies. This paper will address how the constant demand to innovate in the modern global economy, and the emergence of powerful communication networks, have together led corporations to increasingly expand their search for new ideas beyond upper management, turning their attention to the collective brainpower of their entire cohort of employees. Whereas the first rudimentary suggestion box systems of the early 20th century first allowed factory workers to contribute creatively in addition to their physical labor power, organizations such as Pfizer and Whirlpool now utilize digital platforms to add value to the company by collecting employee ideas while encouraging participation and collaboration. The paper concludes with an analysis of the political economy of these collective innovation systems. Are these networks leading to more democratic organizations and happier, more engaged workers? Or, are they primarily extracting labor power from employees in new ways, without equitably distributing the profits?Bachelor of Art

Open collaboration for social problem solving:converging or diverging norms of governance authority?

This paper examines the potential for collaboration between formal science professionals and loosely connected online groups that employ crowdsourcing to generate digital information resources. What are the differences between scientists’ and other online groups’ preferred modes of governing knowledge creation? A distinction is drawn between constituted and adaptive modes of governance and similarities and differences between the two groups’ understandings of information curation and verification and openness are considered. It is suggested that open science will need to become more flexible if it is to build collaborations with loosely connected groups on equitable terms that respect their respective values and in ways that maximise the contributions of these groups to social problem solving