3,019 research outputs found
Energy reconstruction on the LHC ATLAS TileCal upgraded front end: feasibility study for a sROD co-processing unit
Dissertation presented in ful lment of the requirements for the degree of:
Master of Science in Physics
2016The Phase-II upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN in the early 2020s
will enable an order of magnitude increase in the data produced, unlocking the
potential for new physics discoveries. In the ATLAS detector, the upgraded Hadronic
Tile Calorimeter (TileCal) Phase-II front end read out system is currently being
prototyped to handle a total data throughput of 5.1 TB/s, from the current 20.4 GB/s.
The FPGA based Super Read Out Driver (sROD) prototype must perform an energy
reconstruction algorithm on 2.88 GB/s raw data, or 275 million events per second.
Due to the very high level of pro ciency required and time consuming nature of
FPGA rmware development, it may be more e ective to implement certain complex
energy reconstruction and monitoring algorithms on a general purpose, CPU based
sROD co-processor. Hence, the feasibility of a general purpose ARM System on Chip
based co-processing unit (PU) for the sROD is determined in this work.
A PCI-Express test platform was designed and constructed to link two ARM
Cortex-A9 SoCs via their PCI-Express Gen-2 x1 interfaces. Test results indicate that
the latency of the PCI-Express interface is su ciently low and the data throughput is
superior to that of alternative interfaces such as Ethernet, for use as an interconnect
for the SoCs to the sROD. CPU performance benchmarks were performed on ve ARM
development platforms to determine the CPU integer,
oating point and memory
system performance as well as energy e ciency. To complement the benchmarks,
Fast Fourier Transform and Optimal Filtering (OF) applications were also tested.
Based on the test results, in order for the PU to process 275 million events per
second with OF, within the 6 s timing budget of the ATLAS triggering system, a
cluster of three Tegra-K1, Cortex-A15 SoCs connected to the sROD via a Gen-2 x8
PCI-Express interface would be suitable. A high level design for the PU is proposed
which surpasses the requirements for the sROD co-processor and can also be used
in a general purpose, high data throughput system, with 80 Gb/s Ethernet and
15 GB/s PCI-Express throughput, using four X-Gene SoCs
NASA Tech Briefs, April 1997
Topics covered include: Video and Imaging; Electronic Components and Circuits; Electronic Systems; Physical Sciences; Materials; Computer Programs; Mechanics; Machinery/Automation; Manufacturing/Fabrication; Mathematics and Information Sciences; Life Sciences; Books and Reports
SHI(EL)DS: A Novel Hardware-based Security Backplane to Enhance Security with Minimal Impact to System Operation
Computer security continues to increase in importance both in the commercial world and within the Air Force. Dedicated hardware for security purposes presents and enhances a number of security capabilities. Hardware enhances both the security of the security system and the quality and trustworthiness of the information being gathered by the security monitors. Hardware reduces avenues of attack on the security system and ensures the trustworthiness of information only through proper design and placement. Without careful system design, security hardware leaves itself vulnerable to many attacks that it is capable of defending against. Our SHI(EL)DS architecture combines these insights into a comprehensive, modular hardware security backplane architecture. This architecture provides many of the capabilities required by the Cybercraft deployment platform. Most importantly, it makes significant progress towards establishing a root of trust for this platform. Progressing the development of the Cybercraft initiative advances the capabilities of the Air Force’s ability to operate in and defend cyberspace
GREENHOUSE REMOTE MONITORING & CONTROL SYSTEM
Continuous control and monitoring of the greenhouse factors can be considered as a
pivotal part in the production practices. The rate of crop’s growth highly influenced by
the surrounding optimal climate conditions, but in order to do so, they required sets of
expensive and complex equipment. Conventional systems used an excessive work to
link and dispense the transducers and their control systems. One of the reasons why it’s
expensive is the requirement of the systems of having a wide range of power wires and
data cables to and from the sensors to control systems. Plus, for users such as growers
and planters for businesses are having difficulties to monitor and control its system
from any remote location with the system applied only allowed to be control from the
control room and et cetera. To overcome these drawbacks, this proposal intends to
describe how the innovative greenhouse control system can be characterized as an
event-based system, where every control actions are primarily deliberated compared to
the events formed by instabilities from surrounding elements. Proposed control system
offers a costs-saving solution with low maintenance required, as well as producing a
great performance results. This solution also with eliminate the over-dependability of
the industry to the human workforce today
Randomised shuffle and applied misinformation: An enhanced model for contact-based smart-card serial data transfer
Contact-based smart-cards, which comply to the International Standard IS0-7816, communicate with their associated read/write machines via a single bi-directional serial link. This link is easy to monitor with inexpensive equipment and resources, enabling captured data to be removed for later examination. In many contact-based smart-cards the logical abilities are provided by eight-bit microcontroller units (MCU) which are slow at performing effective cryptographic functions. Consequently, for expediency, much data may be transferred in plain-text across the vulnerable communications link, further easing an eavesdropper\u27s task. Practitioners in military communications protect transmitted information by varying a link\u27s carrier frequency in an apparently random sequence that is shared secretly between the sender and the authorised receiver. These multiplexing techniques, known as frequency or channel-hopping, serve to increase the task complexity for and/or confuse potential eavesdroppers. The study seeks to ascertain the applicability and value of protection provided by channel-hopping techniques, when realised with minimal additional overhead of microcontroller resources to the contact-based smart-card communications link. The apparent randomised shuffling of data transferred by these techniques has the potential benefit of deterring those observers who may lack the equipment and expertise to capture and decode the communicated message
Data Acquisition Applications
Data acquisition systems have numerous applications. This book has a total of 13 chapters and is divided into three sections: Industrial applications, Medical applications and Scientific experiments. The chapters are written by experts from around the world, while the targeted audience for this book includes professionals who are designers or researchers in the field of data acquisition systems. Faculty members and graduate students could also benefit from the book
A Proposal for a Three Detector Short-Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Program in the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam
A Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) physics program of three LAr-TPC detectors
located along the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab is presented. This
new SBN Program will deliver a rich and compelling physics opportunity,
including the ability to resolve a class of experimental anomalies in neutrino
physics and to perform the most sensitive search to date for sterile neutrinos
at the eV mass-scale through both appearance and disappearance oscillation
channels. Using data sets of 6.6e20 protons on target (P.O.T.) in the LAr1-ND
and ICARUS T600 detectors plus 13.2e20 P.O.T. in the MicroBooNE detector, we
estimate that a search for muon neutrino to electron neutrino appearance can be
performed with ~5 sigma sensitivity for the LSND allowed (99% C.L.) parameter
region. In this proposal for the SBN Program, we describe the physics analysis,
the conceptual design of the LAr1-ND detector, the design and refurbishment of
the T600 detector, the necessary infrastructure required to execute the
program, and a possible reconfiguration of the BNB target and horn system to
improve its performance for oscillation searches.Comment: 209 pages, 129 figure
Auto-Pipe and the X Language: A Toolset and Language for the Simulation, Analysis, and Synthesis of Heterogeneous Pipelined Architectures, Master\u27s Thesis, August 2006
Pipelining an algorithmis a popularmethod of increasing the performance of many computation-intensive applications. Often, one wants to form pipelines composed mostly of commonly used simple building blocks such as DSP components, simple math operations, encryption, or pattern matching stages. Additionally, one may desire to map these processing tasks to different computational resources based on their relative performance attributes (e.g., DSP operations on an FPGA). Auto-Pipe is composed of the X Language, a flexible interface language that aids the description of complex dataflow topologies (including pipelines); X-Com, a compiler for the X Language; X-Sim, a tool for modeling pipelined architectures based on measured, simulated, or derived task and communications behavior; X-Opt, a tool to optimize X applications under various metrics; and X-Dep, a tool for the automatic deployment of X-Com- or X-Sim-generated applications to real or simulated devices. This thesis presents an overview of the Auto-Pipe system, the design and use of the X Language, and an implementation of X-Com. Applications developed using the X Language are presented which demonstrate the effectiveness of describing algorithms using X, and the effectiveness of the Auto-Pipe development flow in analyzing and improving the performance of an application
NASA Tech Briefs, February 1997
Topics include: Test and Measurement; Electronic Components and Circuits; Electronic Systems; Physical Sciences; Materials; Computer Programs; Mechanics; Machinery/Automation; Manufacturing/Fabrication; Mathematics and Information Sciences; Life Sciences; Books and Report
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