451 research outputs found

    A Survey On Medical Digital Imaging Of Endoscopic Gastritis.

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    This paper focuses on researches related to medical digital imaging of endoscopic gastritis

    The Role of Explainable AI in the Research Field of AI Ethics

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    Ethics of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a growing research field that has emerged in response to the challenges related to AI. Transparency poses a key challenge for implementing AI ethics in practice. One solution to transparency issues is AI systems that can explain their decisions. Explainable AI (XAI) refers to AI systems that are interpretable or understandable to humans. The research fields of AI ethics and XAI lack a common framework and conceptualization. There is no clarity of the field’s depth and versatility. A systematic approach to understanding the corpus is needed. A systematic review offers an opportunity to detect research gaps and focus points. This paper presents the results of a systematic mapping study (SMS) of the research field of the Ethics of AI. The focus is on understanding the role of XAI and how the topic has been studied empirically. An SMS is a tool for performing a repeatable and continuable literature search. This paper contributes to the research field with a Systematic Map that visualizes what, how, when, and why XAI has been studied empirically in the field of AI ethics. The mapping reveals research gaps in the area. Empirical contributions are drawn from the analysis. The contributions are reflected on in regards to theoretical and practical implications. As the scope of the SMS is a broader research area of AI ethics the collected dataset opens possibilities to continue the mapping process in other directions.© 2023 Association for Computing Machinery.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

    Letters from the War of Ecosystems – An Analysis of Independent Software Vendors in Mobile Application Marketplaces

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    The recent emergence of a new generation of mobile application marketplaces has changed the business in the mobile ecosystems. The marketplaces have gathered over a million applications by hundreds of thousands of application developers and publishers. Thus, software ecosystems—consisting of developers, consumers and the orchestrator—have emerged as a part of the mobile ecosystem. This dissertation addresses the new challenges faced by mobile application developers in the new ecosystems through empirical methods. By using the theories of two-sided markets and business ecosystems as the basis, the thesis assesses monetization and value creation in the market as well as the impact of electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM) and developer multihoming— i. e. contributing for more than one platform—in the ecosystems. The data for the study was collected with web crawling from the three biggest marketplaces: Apple App Store, Google Play and Windows Phone Store. The dissertation consists of six individual articles. The results of the studies show a gap in monetization among the studied applications, while a majority of applications are produced by small or micro-enterprises. The study finds only weak support for the impact of eWOM on the sales of an application in the studied ecosystem. Finally, the study reveals a clear difference in the multi-homing rates between the top application developers and the rest. This has, as discussed in the thesis, an impact on the future market analyses—it seems that the smart device market can sustain several parallel application marketplaces.Muutama vuosi sitten julkistetut uuden sukupolven mobiilisovellusten kauppapaikat ovat muuttaneet mobiiliekosysteemien liiketoimintadynamiikkaa. NĂ€mĂ€ uudet markkinapaikat ovat jo onnistuneet houkuttelemaan yli miljoona sovellusta sadoilta tuhansilta ohjelmistokehittĂ€jiltĂ€. NĂ€mĂ€ kehittĂ€jĂ€t yhdessĂ€ markkinapaikan organisoijan sekĂ€ loppukĂ€yttĂ€jien kanssa ovat muodostaneet ohjelmistoekosysteemin osaksi laajempaa mobiiliekosysteemiĂ€. TĂ€ssĂ€ vĂ€itöskirjassa tarkastellaan mobiilisovellusten kehittĂ€jien uudenlaisilla kauppapaikoilla kohtaamia haasteita empiiristen tutkimusmenetelmien kautta. VĂ€itöskirjassa arvioidaan sovellusten monetisaatiota ja arvonluontia sekĂ€ verkon asiakasarviointien (engl. electronicWord-of-Mouth, eWOM) ja kehittĂ€jien moniliittymisen (engl. multi-homing) — kehittĂ€jĂ€ on sitoutunut useammalle kuin yhdelle ekosysteemille — vaikutuksia ekosysteemissĂ€. Työn teoreettinen tausta rakentuu kaksipuolisten markkinapaikkojen ja liiketoimintaekosysteemien pÀÀlle. Tutkimuksen aineisto on kerĂ€tty kolmelta suurimmalta mobiilisovellusmarkkinapaikalta: Apple App Storesta, Google PlaystĂ€ ja Windows Phone Storesta. TĂ€mĂ€ artikkelivĂ€itöskirja koostuu kuudesta itsenĂ€isestĂ€ tutkimuskĂ€sikirjoituksesta. Artikkelien tulokset osoittavat puutteita monetisaatiossa tutkittujen sovellusten joukossa. MerkittĂ€vĂ€ osa tarkastelluista sovelluksista on pienten yritysten tai yksittĂ€isten kehittĂ€jien julkaisemia. Tutkimuksessa löydettiin vain heikkoa tukea eWOM:in positiiviselle vaikutukselle sovellusten myyntimÀÀrissĂ€. TyössĂ€ myös osoitetaan merkittĂ€vĂ€ ero menestyneimpien sovelluskehittĂ€jien sekĂ€ muiden kehittĂ€jien moniliittymiskĂ€yttĂ€ytymisen vĂ€lillĂ€. TĂ€llĂ€ havainnolla on merkitystĂ€ tuleville markkina-analyyseille ja sen vaikutuksia on kĂ€sitelty työssĂ€. Tulokset esimerkiksi viittaavat siihen, ettĂ€ markkinat pystyisivĂ€t yllĂ€pitĂ€mÀÀn useita kilpailevia kauppapaikkoja.Siirretty Doriast

    Turku Centre for Computer Science – Annual Report 2013

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    Due to a major reform of organization and responsibilities of TUCS, its role, activities, and even structures have been under reconsideration in 2013. The traditional pillar of collaboration at TUCS, doctoral training, was reorganized due to changes at both universities according to the renewed national system for doctoral education. Computer Science and Engineering and Information Systems Science are now accompanied by Mathematics and Statistics in newly established doctoral programs at both University of Turku and &Aring;bo Akademi University. Moreover, both universities granted sufficient resources to their respective programmes for doctoral training in these fields, so that joint activities at TUCS can continue. The outcome of this reorganization has the potential of proving out to be a success in terms of scientific profile as well as the quality and quantity of scientific and educational results.&nbsp; International activities that have been characteristic to TUCS since its inception continue strong. TUCS&rsquo; participation in European collaboration through EIT ICT Labs Master&rsquo;s and Doctoral School is now more active than ever. The new double degree programs at MSc and PhD level between University of Turku and Fudan University in Shaghai, P.R.China were succesfully set up and are&nbsp; now running for their first year. The joint students will add to the already international athmosphere of the ICT House.&nbsp; The four new thematic reseach programmes set up acccording to the decision by the TUCS Board have now established themselves, and a number of events and other activities saw the light in 2013. The TUCS Distinguished Lecture Series managed to gather a large audience with its several prominent speakers. The development of these and other research centre activities continue, and&nbsp; new practices and structures will be initiated to support the tradition of close academic collaboration.&nbsp; The TUCS&rsquo; slogan Where Academic Tradition Meets the Exciting Future has proven true throughout these changes. Despite of the dark clouds on the national and European economic sky, science and higher education in the field have managed to retain all the key ingredients for success. Indeed, the future of ICT and Mathematics in Turku seems exciting.</p

    Do Cute Nursing Robots Get a Free Pass? : Exploring How a Robot’s Appearance Influences Human Judgments on Forced Medication Decision

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    Tavoitteet. Sosiaalisten robottien ulkonÀön vaikutuksia ihmisiin ei ole juuri tutkittu, vaikka sosiaaliset robotit yleistyvĂ€t jatkuvasti ammatillisessa, etenkin terveydenhuollon, kontekstissa. Tutkielman tavoitteena on tutkia ensin eroja ihmis- ja robottisairaanhoitajan suorittaman pakkolÀÀkinnĂ€n moraalisessa tuomitsemisessa. TĂ€mĂ€n jĂ€lkeen tarkastelen jatkotutkimuksella, onko sairaanhoitorobotin ulkonÀöllĂ€ ja söpöydellĂ€ vaikutusta pakkolÀÀkinnĂ€n moraaliseen tuomitsemiseen. Sairaanhoitorobotteja tarkastellaan söpöysskaalalla—söpöys valikoitui mielekkÀÀksi muuttujaksi, koska suuri osa eri aloilla kĂ€ytettĂ€vistĂ€ sosiaalisista roboteista on korostetun söpöjĂ€. Aiempien tutkimusten perusteella viehĂ€ttĂ€vĂ€ ulkonĂ€kö ja söpöys vaikuttavat havaitsijan tekemÀÀn arviointiin ja pÀÀtöksentekoon. Tarkastelen tutkielmassa söpöyden ja ulkonÀön vaikutuksia sosiaalisten robottien kontekstissa. MenetelmĂ€t. Tutkielmaan kerĂ€ttiin kaksi kokeellista aineistoa, toinen pÀÀkaupunkiseudulta ja toinen Internet-tutkimuksena. Kokeissa oli 135 ja 214 osallistujaa. Tutkimuksissa koehenkilöt lukivat tarinanpĂ€tkĂ€n, joka pÀÀttyi sairaanhoitajan suorittamaan pakkolÀÀkintÀÀn tai potilaan tahdon noudattamiseen. Tarinan toimijan (ihmissairaanhoitaja tai robotti) pÀÀtöstĂ€ arvioitiin kysymysten avulla (kuinka loukkaava tai epĂ€inhimillinen pÀÀtös oli, oliko pÀÀtös oikea tai tarpeellinen). Koehenkilöt arvioivat kysymyksiĂ€ porrastetulla Likert-asteikolla (“TĂ€ysin eri mieltĂ€â€ – “TĂ€ysin samaa mieltĂ€â€). EnsimmĂ€isessĂ€ tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin ihmis- ja robottisairaanhoitajan pakkolÀÀkintĂ€pÀÀtöstĂ€ neljĂ€llĂ€ satunnaistetulla koeasetelmalla. Toisessa tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin vain sairaanhoitorobottia ja tarinanpĂ€tkÀÀn oli liitetty robotin kasvokuva, joka vaihteli skaalalla “ei söpö, keskivertosöpö, söpĂ¶â€. TarinanpĂ€tkistĂ€ ja robottien variaatioista muodostui kuusi koeasetelmaa, jotka oli satunnaistettu jĂ€rjestyksen ja koehenkilöiden sijoittamisen osalta. Tulokset ja johtopÀÀtökset. EnsimmĂ€isen tutkimuksen perusteella havaittiin, ettĂ€ robotti- ja ihmissairaanhoitajiin kohdistuvat moraaliset arviot eroavat toisistaan paitsi silloin, kun sairaanhoitorobotti noudattaa potilaan omaa tahtoa. Toisen tutkimuksen perusteella suoraa ulkonĂ€kövaikutusta moraalisiin arvioihin ei havaittu, joskin osa tuloksista oli lupaavia ja kiinnostavia lisĂ€tutkimusten kannalta

    Comnet: Annual Report 2012

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    Enabling Cross Constraint Satisfaction in RDF-Based Heterogeneous Database Integration

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    Abstract The problem of database integration has been widely tackled through different approaches. While data transformation based systems, such as Data Warehouses, reached the acceptation of the industry during the 80&apos;s, in the last decade query translation based approaches have gained popularity given their adequacy to dynamic domains

    Studies on Inequalities in Information Society. Proceedings of the Conference, Well-Being in the Information Society

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    Siirretty Doriast
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