3 research outputs found
Best Practices and Recommendations for Crowdsourced QoE - Lessons learned from the Qualinet Task Force Crowdsourcing
Crowdsourcing is a popular approach that outsources tasks via the Internet to a large number of users. Commercial crowdsourcing platforms provide a global pool of users employed for performing short and simple online tasks. For quality assessment of multimedia services and applications, crowdsourcing enables new possibilities by moving the subjective test into the crowd resulting in larger diversity of the test subjects, faster turnover of test campaigns, and reduced costs due to low reimbursement costs of the participants. Further, crowdsourcing allows easily addressing additional features like real-life environments. This white paper summarizes the recommendations and best practices for crowdsourced quality assessment of multimedia applications from the Qualinet Task Force on “Crowdsourcing”. The European Network on Quality of Experience in Multimedia Systems and Services Qualinet (COST Action IC 1003, see www.qualinet.eu) established this task force in 2012 which has more than 30 members. The recommendation paper resulted from the experience in designing, implementing, and conducting crowdsourcing experiments as well as the analysis of the crowdsourced user ratings and context data
Speech-driven Animation with Meaningful Behaviors
Conversational agents (CAs) play an important role in human computer
interaction. Creating believable movements for CAs is challenging, since the
movements have to be meaningful and natural, reflecting the coupling between
gestures and speech. Studies in the past have mainly relied on rule-based or
data-driven approaches. Rule-based methods focus on creating meaningful
behaviors conveying the underlying message, but the gestures cannot be easily
synchronized with speech. Data-driven approaches, especially speech-driven
models, can capture the relationship between speech and gestures. However, they
create behaviors disregarding the meaning of the message. This study proposes
to bridge the gap between these two approaches overcoming their limitations.
The approach builds a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN), where a discrete variable
is added to constrain the behaviors on the underlying constraint. The study
implements and evaluates the approach with two constraints: discourse functions
and prototypical behaviors. By constraining on the discourse functions (e.g.,
questions), the model learns the characteristic behaviors associated with a
given discourse class learning the rules from the data. By constraining on
prototypical behaviors (e.g., head nods), the approach can be embedded in a
rule-based system as a behavior realizer creating trajectories that are timely
synchronized with speech. The study proposes a DBN structure and a training
approach that (1) models the cause-effect relationship between the constraint
and the gestures, (2) initializes the state configuration models increasing the
range of the generated behaviors, and (3) captures the differences in the
behaviors across constraints by enforcing sparse transitions between shared and
exclusive states per constraint. Objective and subjective evaluations
demonstrate the benefits of the proposed approach over an unconstrained model.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figures, 5 table