71 research outputs found

    Gabriel Harvey and the History of Reading: Essays by Lisa Jardine and others

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    Few articles in the humanities have had the impact of Lisa Jardine and Anthony Grafton’s seminal ‘Studied for Action’ (1990), a study of the reading practices of Elizabethan polymath and prolific annotator Gabriel Harvey. Their excavation of the setting, methods and ambitions of Harvey’s encounters with his books ignited the History of Reading, an interdisciplinary field which quickly became one of the most exciting corners of the scholarly cosmos. A generation inspired by the model of Harvey fanned out across the world’s libraries and archives, seeking to reveal the many creative, unexpected and curious ways that individuals throughout history responded to texts, and how these interpretations in turn illuminate past worlds. Three decades on, Harvey’s example and Jardine’s work remain central to cutting-edge scholarship in the History of Reading. By uniting ‘Studied for Action’ with published and unpublished studies on Harvey by Jardine, Grafton and the scholars they have influenced, this collection provides a unique lens on the place of marginalia in textual, intellectual and cultural history. The chapters capture subsequent work on Harvey and map the fields opened by Jardine and Grafton’s original article, collectively offering a posthumous tribute to Lisa Jardine and an authoritative overview of the History of Reading

    Evidence-based oncology: the use of methodologically complex systematic reviews to inform cancer research and clinical practice

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    Background: Systematic reviews are produced to inform health research and clinical practice, e.g., by identifying research gaps and by formulating recommendations in clinical practice guidelines. Standardised methodology exists for the conduct of systematic reviews of interventions. To answer clinically diverse research questions, new methods are constantly being developed for the systematic synthesis of results from different types of studies. Moreover, constant monitoring of newly available evidence, particularly in clinical areas that are rapidly evolving, is important to ensure the currency of systematic reviews. Objective: The primary objective of this cumulative dissertation was to conduct systematic reviews using new and complex systematic review methods, and to contribute to the further development and refinement of these methods. Secondary objective was to conduct clinically relevant systematic reviews to provide meaningful evidence that can inform clinical practice and health care in oncology. Methods: Two clinically relevant systematic reviews using novel and complex methodological approaches were conducted: Systematic review I: A systematic review with network meta analysis and an adapted living approach to evaluate and compare the benefits and harms of first-line therapies for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Systematic review II: A systematic review with meta-analysis of prognostic factor studies to explore the interim positron emission tomography (PET) scan result as a prognostic factor in adults with newly diagnosed Hodgkin lymphoma. Results: Methodological results Systematic review I: The evidence for the currently recommended treatments and important comparisons in this review stem from direct evidence from one trial per comparison only. This is due to the great lack of head-to-head comparisons of the many treatment options available. Statistical validation of the homogeneity and consistency assumptions was not possible for every network meta-analysis, so the validity of estimates is largely based on the transitivity assumption. When a strong evidence base is missing, the results of a network meta-analysis, including the ranking of treatments, should be interpreted with caution. The adapted living approach, where monthly update searches were conducted during the conduct of the review, was an appropriate method to maintain the currency of the evidence in such a rapidly evolving treatment landscape. Systematic review II: The greatest methodological challenges identified in synthesising evidence from prognostic factor studies were that, firstly, searching for prognosis studies is challenging due to insufficient indexing and missing search filters that are specific and sensitive enough to identify prognostic factor studies. Secondly, extracting and analysing outcome results was particularly difficult due to incomplete reporting of important data in the, usually retrospective, studies. Thirdly, available methods for the quality assessments had to be adapted to fit to the review question. Lastly, methods for the certainty assessment of the evidence from prognosis studies had to be developed during the conduct of the review as there was no official guidance at that time. The challenges encountered during the conduct of both reviews were discussed and resolved through the involvement of methodological and clinical experts as coauthors. Clinical results: Systematic Review I: Combinations of novel therapies (e.g., a checkpoint inhibitor with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor) appear to be superior to monotherapy with sunitinib (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor) as first-line therapy in terms of survival for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma. However, these novel treatments may cause more (serious) side effects. Moreover, the question on the potential impact of these novel treatments on the quality of life of affected individuals remains unanswered. Systematic Review II: Evidence was found on the prognostic ability of the interim PET-scan result to predict survival in adults with Hodgkin lymphoma. It successfully distinguishes between PET-negative people, who have a better outcome prognosis, and PET-positive people, who have a worse outcome prognosis. Conclusion:Future methodological research needs to further address these different challenges, for example the challenges one encounters when trying to search for and identify prognostic factor studies, or the limitations one encounters when underlying assumptions of a network meta analysis cannot be verified. When evidence from such methodologically complex systematic reviews shall be used to inform clinical practice guidelines and, thereby, health care decision making, all involved stakeholders need to be aware of the methodological complexity and limitations behind the evidence produced

    Transforming our World through Universal Design for Human Development

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    An environment, or any building product or service in it, should ideally be designed to meet the needs of all those who wish to use it. Universal Design is the design and composition of environments, products, and services so that they can be accessed, understood and used to the greatest extent possible by all people, regardless of their age, size, ability or disability. It creates products, services and environments that meet people’s needs. In short, Universal Design is good design. This book presents the proceedings of UD2022, the 6th International Conference on Universal Design, held from 7 - 9 September 2022 in Brescia, Italy.The conference is targeted at professionals and academics interested in the theme of universal design as related to the built environment and the wellbeing of users, but also covers mobility and urban environments, knowledge, and information transfer, bringing together research knowledge and best practice from all over the world. The book contains 72 papers from 13 countries, grouped into 8 sections and covering topics including the design of inclusive natural environments and urban spaces, communities, neighborhoods and cities; housing; healthcare; mobility and transport systems; and universally- designed learning environments, work places, cultural and recreational spaces. One section is devoted to universal design and cultural heritage, which had a particular focus at this edition of the conference. The book reflects the professional and disciplinary diversity represented in the UD movement, and will be of interest to all those whose work involves inclusive design

    The G20

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    This revised and updated edition presents detailed analysis of the history and current state of the G20, and the challenges it faces. The emergence of the G20 was the result of calls for full inclusion of major developing and other systemically important countries and to reflect new global economic and political realities. The growth of Chinese power, growing significance of other major developing countries and new concerns concerning anti-globalization and rising protectionism in the West have all resulted in important changes to the dynamics of the institution. The suspension of Russia’s membership in the G8 has also necessitated a change in G7/G20 dynamics and the G20’s processes, agenda priorities and role in global governance. Providing a historical overview and analysis of the evolving agenda, methods of performance evaluation, relationship with structured international organizations and other external actors, Hajnal’s text is an authoritative work of history, analysis and reference on the G20 and also G7/G8/G20 reform. This book is an essential source for researchers and students focusing on the G20, international organizations and global governance, and more generally for scholars in the fields of political science, economics, and finance

    History of Construction Cultures Volume 2

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    Volume 2 of History of Construction Cultures contains papers presented at the 7ICCH – Seventh International Congress on Construction History, held at the Lisbon School of Architecture, Portugal, from 12 to 16 July, 2021. The conference has been organized by the Lisbon School of Architecture (FAUL), NOVA School of Social Sciences and Humanities, the Portuguese Society for Construction History Studies and the University of the Azores. The contributions cover the wide interdisciplinary spectrum of Construction History and consist on the most recent advances in theory and practical case studies analysis, following themes such as: - epistemological issues; - building actors; - building materials; - building machines, tools and equipment; - construction processes; - building services and techniques ; -structural theory and analysis ; - political, social and economic aspects; - knowledge transfer and cultural translation of construction cultures. Furthermore, papers presented at thematic sessions aim at covering important problematics, historical periods and different regions of the globe, opening new directions for Construction History research. We are what we build and how we build; thus, the study of Construction History is now more than ever at the centre of current debates as to the shape of a sustainable future for humankind. Therefore, History of Construction Cultures is a critical and indispensable work to expand our understanding of the ways in which everyday building activities have been perceived and experienced in different cultures, from ancient times to our century and all over the world

    Exploring Written Artefacts

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    This collection, presented to Michael Friedrich in honour of his academic career at of the Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures, traces key concepts that scholars associated with the Centre have developed and refined for the systematic study of manuscript cultures. At the same time, the contributions showcase the possibilities of expanding the traditional subject of ‘manuscripts’ to the larger perspective of ‘written artefacts’

    Emotion and Stress Recognition Related Sensors and Machine Learning Technologies

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    This book includes impactful chapters which present scientific concepts, frameworks, architectures and ideas on sensing technologies and machine learning techniques. These are relevant in tackling the following challenges: (i) the field readiness and use of intrusive sensor systems and devices for capturing biosignals, including EEG sensor systems, ECG sensor systems and electrodermal activity sensor systems; (ii) the quality assessment and management of sensor data; (iii) data preprocessing, noise filtering and calibration concepts for biosignals; (iv) the field readiness and use of nonintrusive sensor technologies, including visual sensors, acoustic sensors, vibration sensors and piezoelectric sensors; (v) emotion recognition using mobile phones and smartwatches; (vi) body area sensor networks for emotion and stress studies; (vii) the use of experimental datasets in emotion recognition, including dataset generation principles and concepts, quality insurance and emotion elicitation material and concepts; (viii) machine learning techniques for robust emotion recognition, including graphical models, neural network methods, deep learning methods, statistical learning and multivariate empirical mode decomposition; (ix) subject-independent emotion and stress recognition concepts and systems, including facial expression-based systems, speech-based systems, EEG-based systems, ECG-based systems, electrodermal activity-based systems, multimodal recognition systems and sensor fusion concepts and (x) emotion and stress estimation and forecasting from a nonlinear dynamical system perspective

    Models and Analysis of Vocal Emissions for Biomedical Applications

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    The MAVEBA Workshop proceedings, held on a biannual basis, collect the scientific papers presented both as oral and poster contributions, during the conference. The main subjects are: development of theoretical and mechanical models as an aid to the study of main phonatory dysfunctions, as well as the biomedical engineering methods for the analysis of voice signals and images, as a support to clinical diagnosis and classification of vocal pathologies

    Proceedings of the Eighth Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics CliC-it 2021

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    The eighth edition of the Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics (CLiC-it 2021) was held at Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca from 26th to 28th January 2022. After the edition of 2020, which was held in fully virtual mode due to the health emergency related to Covid-19, CLiC-it 2021 represented the first moment for the Italian research community of Computational Linguistics to meet in person after more than one year of full/partial lockdown
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