Tax the Rich: Teachers\u27 Long Campaign to Fund Public Schools

Why did teachers’ long campaign to fund schools with progressive income taxes on the rich fall short? Labor-liberals hoped to equalize opportunity for students by shifting school taxes from local communities like Detroit and Los Angeles to the states. Businessmen and conservatives instead centralized cuts by changing how budget decisions are made, imposing constitutional limits to slow the growth rate of state government. Tax limits are distinct from tax cuts. Tax the Rich builds on the established literature about the grassroots politics of education, and moves in new directions by centering the agency of organized interests—teachers unions, business associations, and farmers organizations—powerful enough to build enduring coalitions and to structure fiscal options. The story begins in 1930, when the Great Depression turned farmers against the property tax, recast business boosters as tax limiters, and forced teachers to defend school finance; it ends in 1980, when tax revolts went national with former California governor Ronald Reagan’s election as president. Michigan and California, laboratories for tax limitation campaigns and educational court cases, are the reference points. After property owners defaulted on their local taxes in the early 1930s, and later voted down renewals and increases during the 1960s, liberal and labor organizers searched for alternative taxes based on ability to pay while conservative and business operatives persuaded voters to constitutionally tie legislators’ purse strings. Paying for education in a democracy at times requires antidemocratic decisions, on left and right, by labor and business. Tax the Rich argues resources never matched Americans’ ambitions to make schools the hidden welfare state

Federal Register

Daily publication of the U.S. Office of the Federal Register contains rules and regulations, proposed legislation and rule changes, and other notices, including "Presidential proclamations and Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public interest" (p. ii). Table of Contents starts on page iii

Report of the Secretary of the Interior, being part of the message and documents communicated to the two Houses of Congress at the beginning of the first session of the Forty-third Congress : Annual report of Commissioner of Education, 1873

Annual Message to Congress with Documents; Pres. Grant. 1 Dec. HED 1, 43-1 , v1-5 , 7842p. (1594-1603]Annual Message to Congress with Documents; Pres. Grant. 1 Dec. HED 1, 43-1 , v1-5 , 7842p. (1594-1603] Collection of all Indians east of the Rocky Mountains into Indian Territory; government over Indian Territory; annual report of the Sec. of War (Serials 1597-1599); annual report of the Sec. of Interior (Serials 1601-1602); annual report of the Gen. Land Office (Serial 1601); annual report of the CIA (Serial 1601), including difficulties in the way of Indian civilization, problem of sovereignty vs. wardship, legislation, and reports of Supts., agents, schools, and farms; etc

Report of the Secretary of the Interior; being part of the message and documents communicated to the two Houses of Congress at the beginning of the first session of the Forty-fourth Congress : Report of the Commissioner of Education, 1875

Annual Message to Congress with Documents; Pres. Grant. 7 Dec. HED 1, 44-1. v1-5. 8364p. [1672-1682) Conflict between the Sioux Indians and miners entering the Black Hills; annual report of the Sec. of War (Serials 1674-1678); annual report of the Sec. of Interior (Serials 1680-1681); annual report of the Gen. Land Office (Serial 1680); annual report of the CIA (Serial1680) , ineluding issues surrounding the Sioux treaty of 1868, the Sioux problem and the Black Hills, Mission Indians of California, Indian Territory, and reports of Supts ., agents, schools, and farms; etc

Abstracts of Papers Presented at the 2005 Pittsburgh Conference

To attend or not to attend, that is the question. The Pittsburgh Conference continues to pose this conundrum to conferees and exhibitors alike. This year's conference was the first to be presented without a set of paper abstracts—a good thing some would say but this old codger always used the paper abstracts to select papers of interest to our readership and to seek a full publication. The exhibit took its usual format but it seemed that there were less manufacturers present. The information presented to the attendees was also lacking and many companies' details were missing from the final program book, an omission no doubt on their behalf—my company was one of these—however I feel sure that past Pittcon organizers would have been more persistent in getting the required details for the audience. As is now the norm, many of the presentations take the form of posters displayed within the exhibition area. Without a driver to get the audience there, the traffic was slow, to say the least. Lecture presentations were also attended in a mixed fashion. So the Pittsburgh Conference show moves on, and again next year it will be held in Orlando from 12 March to 17 March 2006. No doubt I will be there making it a straight 31 in a row; in Pittsburgh Conference terms I am just a beginner with many of the attendees making more shows in a run than that. Selected abstracts dealing with topics of interest to the readers of this journal follow—hopefully many of these groups will be willing to publish their work either within this journal or elsewhere

Added value of acute multimodal CT-based imaging (MCTI) : a comprehensive analysis

Introduction: MCTI is used to assess acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients.We postulated that use of MCTI improves patient outcome regardingindependence and mortality.Methods: From the ASTRAL registry, all patients with an AIS and a non-contrast-CT (NCCT), angio-CT (CTA) or perfusion-CT (CTP) within24 h from onset were included. Demographic, clinical, biological, radio-logical, and follow-up caracteristics were collected. Significant predictorsof MCTI use were fitted in a multivariate analysis. Patients undergoingCTA or CTA&CTP were compared with NCCT patients with regards tofavourable outcome (mRS ≤ 2) at 3 months, 12 months mortality, strokemechanism, short-term renal function, use of ancillary diagnostic tests,duration of hospitalization and 12 months stroke recurrence

Federal Register

Daily publication of the U.S. Office of the Federal Register contains rules and regulations, proposed legislation and rule changes, and other notices, including "Presidential proclamations and Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public interest" (p. ii). Table of Contents starts on page iii