The Prospects for Immigration Amendments

Obg proteins are a family of P-loop GTPases, conserved from bacteria to human. The Obg protein in Escherichia coli (ObgE) has been implicated in many diverse cellular functions, with proposed molecular roles in two global processes, ribosome assembly and stringent response. Here, using pre-steady state fast kinetics we demonstrate that ObgE is an anti-association factor, which prevents ribosomal subunit association and downstream steps in translation by binding to the 50S subunit. ObgE is a ribosome dependent GTPase; however, upon binding to guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp), the global regulator of stringent response, ObgE exhibits an enhanced interaction with the 50S subunit, resulting in increased equilibrium dissociation of the 70S ribosome into subunits. Furthermore, our cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the 50S? ObgE? GMPPNP complex indicates that the evolutionarily conserved N-terminal domain (NTD) of ObgE is a tRNA structural mimic, with specific interactions with peptidyl-transferase center, displaying a marked resemblance to Class I release factors. These structural data might define ObgE as a specialized translation factor related to stress responses, and provide a framework towards future elucidation of functional interplay between ObgE and ribosome-associated (p) ppGpp regulators. Together with published data, our results suggest that ObgE might act as a checkpoint in final stages of the 50S subunit assembly under normal growth conditions. And more importantly, ObgE, as a (p) ppGpp effector, might also have a regulatory role in the production of the 50S subunit and its participation in translation under certain stressed conditions. Thus, our findings might have uncovered an under-recognized mechanism of translation control by environmental cues

Foot and Mouth Disease: The 1967 outbreak and its aftermath

The transcript of a Witness Seminar held by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, London, on 11 December 2001. First published by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, 2003. ©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2003.All volumes are freely available online at: www.history.qmul.ac.uk/research/modbiomed/wellcome_witnesses/Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 11 December 2001. Introduction by Dr Lise Wilkinson.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 11 December 2001. Introduction by Dr Lise Wilkinson.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 11 December 2001. Introduction by Dr Lise Wilkinson.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 11 December 2001. Introduction by Dr Lise Wilkinson.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 11 December 2001. Introduction by Dr Lise Wilkinson.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 11 December 2001. Introduction by Dr Lise Wilkinson.In 1967–68 Britain experienced the worst foot and mouth disease (FMD) epidemic of the twentieth century. Attributed to pig swill containing infected Argentine lamb, 2,228 outbreaks were recorded during a nine-month period, resulting in the slaughter of nearly 450,000 animals, statistics only surpassed by the 2001 FMD epidemic. Lord Soulsby led the discussion among veterinarians, virologists, academics and farmers. The edited, annotated and illustrated transcript considers MAFF’s State Veterinary Service procedures and organization and the subsequent investigations for the 1968 Northumberland Committee, with some comparisons with the 2001 outbreak; the contribution of the Animal Virus Research Institute and the International Vaccine Bank for FMD at Pirbright, Surrey; the hardship endured by the farmers during the outbreak; and political aspects of the historic slaughter policy and the debate over vaccination, both in Westminster and in Europe. Reynolds L A, Tansey E M. (eds) (2003) Foot and Mouth Disease: The 1967 outbreak and its aftermath, Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine, vol. 18. London: Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL.The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL is funded by the Wellcome Trust, which is a registered charity, no. 210183

The WTO Comes to Dinner: U.S. Implementation of Trade Rules Bypasses Food Safety Requirements

A Special Report By Public Citizen's Global Trade Watch and Critical Mass Energy and Environment Program. A review of U.S. government "system" audits of five nations (Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Australia and Canada) reveals that the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)'s Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) deemed "equivalent" systems with sanitary measures that differ from FSIS policy, and in some cases, violate the express language of U.S. laws and regulations. Because FSIS has refused to respond to Public Citizen Freedom of Information Act requests for correspondence and other documentation regarding these equivalency decisions, it is impossible to determine what is the current status of these issues and whether they have been resolved by regulators. - The U.S. law requiring meat to be inspected by independent government officials was violated by Brazil and Mexico and they retained their eligibility to export to the United States. - The USDA's zero tolerance policy for contamination by feces was repeatedly violated by Australia, Canada and Mexico. - U.S. regulations requiring monthly supervisory reviews of plants eligible to export be conducted on behalf of USDA by foreign government officials were violated by Argentina, Brazil, Canada and Mexico, several of whom are seeking to avoid this core requirement of U.S. regulation. Monthly reviews are vitally important to remind the meat industry that the meat inspector who works the line in the plant is backed by the weight of the government and to double-check the work of meat inspectors on a regular basis. - Even though U.S. regulations requiring that a government official -- not a company employee -- sample meat for salmonella microbial contamination, the USDA approved company employees performing this task as part of an equivalency determination with Brazil and Canada. - Even though U.S. regulations require certain microbial testing to be performed at government labs, the U.S. approved testing by private labs as part of the equivalency determination with Brazil, Canada and Mexico. - Unapproved and/or improper testing procedures and sanitation violations have been re-identified by FSIS year after year for Australia, Brazil, Canada and Mexico, but the countries have retained their eligibility to export to the United States. - After its regulatory systems was designated "equivalent," Mexico began using alternative procedures for salmonella and E. coli that had never been evaluated by FSIS, yet the country retained its eligibility to import to the United States. - Australia and Canada were allowed to export to the United States while using their own methods and procedures for such matters as E. coli testing, postmortem inspection, monthly supervisory reviews and pre-shipment reviews while awaiting an equivalency determination from FSIS. - FSIS auditors and Canadian food safety officials continue to disagree about whether particular measures have already been found "equivalent" by FSIS, yet Canadian imports remained uninterrupted. - The regulatory systems of Brazil and Mexico have been rated equivalent even though the countries plead insufficient personnel and monetary resources to explain their inability to carry out all required functions

Enforcing the Educational Rights of Homeless Children and Youth: Focus on Chicago

The obstacles facing homeless children and youth in securing a "free appropriate public education" are truly daunting. The frequent, often forced mobility of homeless families is a major barrier to maintaining their children's attendance at any particular school. The bureaucratic structure of school systems coupled with the multiple demands placed on the parents of homeless children is an additional--sometimes insurmountable--obstacle to school enrollment and attendance. Equally troubling is the prejudice homeless children and youth face in the systems that serve them; such bias often denies them the choices and opportunities afforded other children. This article is an in-depth look into the struggle to improve educational access for homeless children and youth in Chicago. Because Chicago's school system is both massive and bureaucratic, our hope is that the significant success achieved in Chicago through litigation and advocacy will inspire others to confront and work closely with the schools in their communities

A Proposal for an NYPD Inspector General

This report focuses on oversight of the NYPD's intelligence operations. Although a number of substantive legal rules set the boundaries of these types of programs, history has shown that it is exceedingly difficult to ensure that intelligence agencies adhere to these limits. Intelligence gathering, by its very nature, is clandestine and details of operations often cannot be publicly revealed. And while law enforcement agencies should be proactive in their approach to crime and terrorism, broad powers to collect intelligence in pursuit of these goals can, and have historically, bled into abuse

The Initial Controversy - Introduction

During the middle third of the twentieth century, the ideas of John Maynard Keynes and those who described themselves as “Keynesians” acquired a profound influence over both the economics profession and the macroeconomic policy process. After the publication of Milton Friedman’s (1956) Studies in the Quantity Theory of Money, Keynesians were obliged to compete with “monetarists” for policy and intellectual influence. These two volumes examine aspects of this counter-revolution by focusing on Friedman’s claim that he was merely formalising the macroeconomic ideas of the first generation Chicago School, at whose “feet” he “sat” in 1932-3 and 1934-5 (Friedman chapter 7 [1972/1974], 163). ISBN: 185196767

Notes

Civil Rights- Municipalities as Parties- Waiver of Sovereign Immunity by a State does not Give a Federal Cause of Action for Damages under Sections 1983 and 1988 of the Civil Rights Act: This Note evaluates the Supreme Court\u27s holding in Moor v. Alameda with reference to the development of sections 1983 and 1988 of the Civil Rights Act through other relevant case law, such as Monroe v. Pape and United Mine Workers v. Gibbs. It then summarizes the holding, which limits persons deprived of civil rights by a municipal employee and who are seeking damages from the municipality in federal court to two approaches- pendent and diversity jurisdiction. Constitutional Law- Equal Protection- School District\u27s Failure to Teach Chinese Speaking Students the English Language Does Not Constitute a Violation of the Equal Protection Clause: This Note summarizes Lau v. Nichols, a class action brought to compel the San Francisco Unified School District to provide Chinese speaking students who did not speak English with some instruction in the English language. It then analyzes other recent cases regarding equal protection in the context of social welfare issues, including Dandridge v. Williams and Brown v. Board of Education, to address the issue presented in Lau v. Nichols. Environmental Law- Non-Degradation- Clean Air Act and Amendments Held to Mandate a Policy Prohibiting Significant Deterioration of Air Quality in Areas of Relatively Clean Air: This Note analyzes the Clean Air Act and the impact of litigation brought by the Sierra Club against the Administrator of the EPA for permitting deterioration of air quality in areas where air quality was better than federally mandated secondary standards. Grand Jury- Secrecy of Testimony- Protection Afforded by Traditional Rule of Secrecy is Waived by a Witness Who Seeks Disclosure: This Note analyzes the history and case law regarding grand juries and disclosure of grand jury testimony in light of the case In re Biaggi involving the release of a United States Congressman\u27s grand jury testimony. It also discusses the public interest ramifications of full disclosure, attempts to misuse the secrecy of the grand jury, and the expansion of the scope of permissible disclosure to requests not made in connection with a judicial proceeding under Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 6(e)

Bulletin of Information 1992-1993

Annual bulletin with academic calendar, school objectives & course of studies, faculty, administration, degrees conferred, course descriptions, fees & tuition, financial assistance, admission requirements, academic regulations, examinations & grades, student organizations, Alumni Association, nondiscrimination & affirmative action policieshttps://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/bulletins/1086/thumbnail.jp