Reply to the Comment on "Enhancement of the Tunneling Density of States in Tomonaga-Luttinger Liquids"

In their comment Fabrizio and Gogolin dispute our result of the enhancement of the tunneling density of states in a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid at the location of a backward scattering defect [Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4230(1996); cond-mat/9601020]. They state that the anticommutativity of the fermion operators of the left and right moving electrons was not considered properly in the Letter. We show in the Reply that the result of the Letter can be reproduced following the Comment when its calculations are performed correctly. This clearly indicates that the question about the anticommutation relations was raised by Fabrizio and Gogolin without serious grounds.Comment: Published in PRL as a Reply to the Comment by Fabrizio and Gogolin (cond-mat/9702080

An Empirical-Mathematical Approach for Calibration and Fitting Cell-Electrode Electrical Models in Bioimpedance Tests

This paper proposes a new yet efficient method allowing a significant improvement in the on-line analysis of biological cell growing and evolution. The procedure is based on an empirical-mathematical approach for calibration and fitting of any cell-electrode electrical model. It is valid and can be extrapolated for any type of cellular line used in electrical cell-substrate impedance spectroscopy (ECIS) tests. Parameters of the bioimpedance model, acquired from ECIS experiments, vary for each cell line, which makes obtaining results difficult and—to some extent-renders them inaccurate. We propose a fitting method based on the cell line initial characterization,and carry out subsequent experiments with the same line to approach the percentage of well filling and the cell density (or cell number in the well). To perform our calibration technique, the so-called oscillation-based test (OBT) approach is employed for each cell density. Calibration results are validated by performing other experiments with different concentrations on the same cell line with the same measurement technique. Accordingly, a bioimpedance electrical model of each cell line is determined, which is valid for any further experiment and leading to a more precise electrical model of the electrode-cell system. Furthermore, the model parameters calculated can be also used by any other measurement techniques. Promising experimental outcomes for three different cell-lines have been achieved, supporting the usefulness of this technique

Perovskite B-Site Compositional Control of [110]p Polar Displacement Coupling in an Ambient-Pressure-Stable Bismuth-based Ferroelectric

Eine neuer Blei-freier Bismutperowskit wurde bei Umgebungsdruck in der polaren Pmc21-Struktur gebildet. Messungen liefern Beweise für Ferroelektrizität und Piezoelektrizität. Das Material zeichnet sich durch eine Rotation der Polarisationsrichtung abseits der [111]p-Achse aus und ist somit für das Design von Materialien mit morphotroper Phasengrenze interessant

Index to NASA Tech Briefs, 1975

This index contains abstracts and four indexes--subject, personal author, originating Center, and Tech Brief number--for 1975 Tech Briefs

Low-temperature behavior of a Magnetic Impurity in a Heisenberg Chain

Using the bosonization technique, we have studied a spin-1/2 magnetic impurity in Heisenberg chain, and shown that the impurity specific heat and spin susceptibility have an anomalous temperature dependence.Comment: 12 pages, Revtex, no figure, to be published in Phys. Rev. Let

Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Gray Wolf Optimizer Based on Face and Eye Tracking

It is critical today to provide safe and collision-free transport. As a result, identifying the driver’s drowsiness before their capacity to drive is jeopardized. An automated hybrid drowsiness classification method that incorporates the artificial neural network (ANN) and the gray wolf optimizer (GWO) is presented to discriminate human drowsiness and fatigue for this aim. The proposed method is evaluated in alert and sleep-deprived settings on the driver drowsiness detection of video dataset from the National Tsing Hua University Computer Vision Lab. The video was subjected to various video and image processing techniques to detect the drivers’ eye condition. Four features of the eye were extracted to determine the condition of drowsiness, the percentage of eyelid closure (PERCLOS), blink frequency, maximum closure duration of the eyes, and eye aspect ratio (ARE). These parameters were then integrated into an ANN and combined with the proposed method (gray wolf optimizer with ANN [GWOANN]) for drowsiness classification. The accuracy of these models was calculated, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method is the best. An Adadelta optimizer with 3 and 4 hidden layer networks of (13, 9, 7, and 5) and (200, 150, 100, 50, and 25) neurons was utilized. The GWOANN technique had 91.18% and 97.06% accuracy, whereas the ANN model had 82.35% and 86.76%

Dielectron widths of the S-, D-vector bottomonium states

The dielectron widths of $\Upsilon(nS) (n=1,...,7)$ and vector decay constants are calculated using the Relativistic String Hamiltonian with a universal interaction. For $\Upsilon(nS) (n=1,2,3)$ the dielectron widths and their ratios are obtained in full agreement with the latest CLEO data. For $\Upsilon(10580)$ and $\Upsilon(11020)$ a good agreement with experiment is reached only if the 4S--3D mixing (with a mixing angle $\theta=27^\circ\pm 4^\circ$) and 6S--5D mixing (with $\theta=40^\circ\pm 5^\circ$) are taken into account. The possibility to observe higher "mixed $D$-wave" resonances, $\tilde\Upsilon(n {}^3D_1)$ with $n=3,4,5$ is discussed. In particular, $\tilde\Upsilon(\approx 11120)$, originating from the pure $5 {}^3D_1$ state, can acquire a rather large dielectron width, $\sim 130$ eV, so that this resonance may become manifest in the $e^+e^-$ experiments. On the contrary, the widths of pure $D$-wave states are very small, $\Gamma_{ee}(n{}^3 D_1) \leq 2$ eV.Comment: 13 pages, no figure

A Nordic Country with East European Problems. British views on post-war Finland, 1944–1948

WOS:000304436200010Peer reviewe